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-
1
Eckert J, Deplazes P, 1999. Alveolar echinococcosis in human: The current situation in Central Europe and the need for countermeasures. Parasitol Today 15 :315–319.
-
2
Wen H, Chai JJ, Wang JC, Wang SH, Wang XY, Feng XH, Zhou HX, 2002. Hydatid Control within a Continental System in P.R.China. Craig P, Pawlowski Z, eds. Cestode Zoonoses: Echinococcosis and Cysticercosis. NATO Science Series. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 355–366.
-
3
Vuitton DA, Zhou HX, Bresson-Hadni S, Wang Q, Piarroux M, Raoul F, Giraudoux P, 2003. Epidemiology of alveolar echinococcosis with particular reference to China and Europe. Parasitology 127 :S87–S107.
-
4
Qiu JM, Liu FJ, Schantz P, Ito A, Carol D, He JG, 1999. Epidemiological Survey of Hydatidosis in Tibetan Areas of Western Sichuan Province. Larrieu E, Romeo S, Mehapide C eds. XXXIII Archivos Internacionales de la Hidatidosis: 84.
-
5
Kern P, Ammon A, Kron M, Sinn G, Sander S, Petersen LR, Gaus W, Kern P, 2004. Risk factors for alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :2088–2093.
-
6
Craig PS, Giraudoux P, Shi D, Bartholomot B, Barnish G, Delattre P, Quere JP, Harraga S, Bao G, Wang Y, Lu F, Ito A, Vuitton DA, 2000. An epidemiological and ecological study of human alveolar echinococcosis transmission in south Gansu, China. Acta Trop 77 :167–177.
-
7
Budke CM, Campos-Poncec M, Wang Q, Torgerson PR, 2005. A canine purgation study and risk factor analysis for echinococcosis in a high endemic region of the Tibetan plateau. Vet Parasitol 127 :43–49.
-
8
Wang Q, Vuitton DA, Qiu JM, Giraudoux P, Xiao YF, Schantz PM, Raoul F, Li TY, Yang W, Craig P, 2004. Fenced pasture: a possible risk factor for human alveolar echinococcosis in Tibetan pastoralist communities of Sichuan, China. Acta Trop 90 :285–293.
-
9
Wang Q, Qiu JM, Schantz P, He JG, Ito A, Liu F, 2001. Risk factors for development of human hydatidosis among people whose family is raising livestock in western Sichuan Province, China. Chin J Parasitic Dis Parasitol 19 :289–293.
-
10
Ito A, Nakao M, Kutsumi H, Lightowlers MW, Itoh M, Sato S, 1993. Serodiagnosis of alveolar hydatid diseases by Western blotting. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87 :170–172.
-
11
Bartholomot B, Vuitton D, Harraga D, Shi DZ, Giraudoux P, Barnish G, Wang YH, Macpherson CNL, Craig PS, 2002. Combined ultrasound and serologic screening for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in central China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :23–29.
-
12
Schantz PM, Wang H, Qiu J, Liu FJ, Saito E, Emshoff A, Ito A, Roberts JM, Delker C, 2003. Echinococcosis on the Tibetan Plateau: prevalence and risk factors for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Tibetan populations in Qinghai Province, China. Parasitology 127 :S109–S120.
-
13
Bresson-Hadni S, Vuitton DA, Bartholomot B, Heyd B, Godard D, Meyer JP, Hrusovsky S, Becker MC, Mantion G, Lenys D, Miguet JP, 2000. A twenty-year history of alveolar echinococcosis in humans: analysis of a series of 117 patients from eastern France. Eur J Gastroenterol 12 :327–336.
-
14
Yang YR, Vuitton DA, Jones MK, Craig PS, McManus DP, 2005. Brain metastasis of alveolar echinococcosis in a hyperendemic focus of Echinococcus multilocularis infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99 :937–941.
-
15
Lawson JR, Gemmell MA, 1985. The potential role of blowflies in the transmission of taeniid tapeworm eggs. Parasitology 91 :129–143.
-
16
Li G, Shi XQ, 1985. A case report of human AE in Heilongjiang. Chi Sheng Chung Hsueh Yu Chi Sheng Chung Ping Tsa Chih 3 :8.
-
17
Yu SH, Xu LQ, Jiang ZX, Xu SH, Han JJ, Zhu YG, Chang J, Lin JX, Xu FN, 1994. Report on the first national wide survey of human parasites in China 1. Regional distribution of parasite species. Chin J Parasitic Dis Parasitol 12 :241–247.
-
18
Craig PS, Deshan L, MacPherson CN, Dazhong S, Reynolds D, Barnish G, Gottstein B, Zhirong W, 1992. A large focus of alveolar echinococcosis in central China. Lancet 340 :826–831.
-
19
Giraudoux P, Delattre P, Takahashi K, Raoul F, Quere K-P, Craig P, Vuitton D, 2002. Transmission ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis in wildlife: what can be learned from comparative studies and multiscale approaches? Craig P, Pawlowski Z, eds. Cestode Zoonoses: Echinococcosis and Cysticercosis. NATO Science Series, Amsterdam: IOS Press, 251–266.
-
20
Giraudoux P, Craig PS, Delattre P, Bao G, Bartholomot B, Harraga S, Quere JP, Raoul F, Wang Y, Shi D, Vuitton DA, 2003. Interactions between landscape changes and host communities can regulate Echinococcus multilocularis transmission. Parasitology 127 (Suppl)127:S121–S131.
-
21
Schantz PM, 1993. Echinococcus multilocularis in North America. Uchino J, Sato N, eds. Alveolar Echincoccosis of the Liver. Volume 30. Sapporo, Japan: Hokkaido University School of Medicine. Medical Library Series, 11–20.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 827 | 709 | 18 |
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| PDF Downloads | 59 | 3 | 0 |
SOCIOECONOMIC AND BEHAVIOR RISK FACTORS OF HUMAN ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN TIBETAN COMMUNITIES IN SICHUAN, PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
QIAN WANG
QIAN WANG
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, Santé et Environnement Rural-Université de Franche-Comté (SERF) and Laboratoire de Biologie Environnementale (LBE) Unité sous contrat avec l’Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (Usc INRA) Research Units, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, Bioscience Research Institute and School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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JIAMIN QIU
JIAMIN QIU
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, Santé et Environnement Rural-Université de Franche-Comté (SERF) and Laboratoire de Biologie Environnementale (LBE) Unité sous contrat avec l’Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (Usc INRA) Research Units, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, Bioscience Research Institute and School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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WEN YANG
WEN YANG
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, Santé et Environnement Rural-Université de Franche-Comté (SERF) and Laboratoire de Biologie Environnementale (LBE) Unité sous contrat avec l’Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (Usc INRA) Research Units, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, Bioscience Research Institute and School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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PETER M. SCHANTZ
PETER M. SCHANTZ
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, Santé et Environnement Rural-Université de Franche-Comté (SERF) and Laboratoire de Biologie Environnementale (LBE) Unité sous contrat avec l’Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (Usc INRA) Research Units, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, Bioscience Research Institute and School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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FRANCIS RAOUL
FRANCIS RAOUL
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, Santé et Environnement Rural-Université de Franche-Comté (SERF) and Laboratoire de Biologie Environnementale (LBE) Unité sous contrat avec l’Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (Usc INRA) Research Units, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, Bioscience Research Institute and School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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PHILIP S. CRAIG
PHILIP S. CRAIG
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, Santé et Environnement Rural-Université de Franche-Comté (SERF) and Laboratoire de Biologie Environnementale (LBE) Unité sous contrat avec l’Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (Usc INRA) Research Units, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, Bioscience Research Institute and School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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PATRICK GIRAUDOUX
PATRICK GIRAUDOUX
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, Santé et Environnement Rural-Université de Franche-Comté (SERF) and Laboratoire de Biologie Environnementale (LBE) Unité sous contrat avec l’Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (Usc INRA) Research Units, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, Bioscience Research Institute and School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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DOMINIQUE A. VUITTON
DOMINIQUE A. VUITTON
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, Santé et Environnement Rural-Université de Franche-Comté (SERF) and Laboratoire de Biologie Environnementale (LBE) Unité sous contrat avec l’Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (Usc INRA) Research Units, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, Bioscience Research Institute and School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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Data from two cross-sectional investigations on 7,138 subjects were used to explore risk factors of human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in Tibetan communities. The overall human AE prevalence was 3.1% (223 of 7,138), females had a higher prevalence (3.6%, 132 of 3,713) than males (2.7%, 91 of 3,425; P = 0.011), and herdsmen had a higher prevalence (5.2%, 154 of 2,955) than farmers (1.8%, 12 of 661; P < 0.001) and urban populations (2.1%, 49 of 2,360; P < 0.001). Age in all populations, number of dogs kept, fox skin ownership in farmers, not preventing flies from landing on food in herdsmen, using open streams as drinking water sources, and playing with dogs in urban populations were statistically significant risk factors. The results suggest that AE is highly endemic in the eastern Tibetan plateau, in Sichuan Province, the role of the dog is important for human infection, and other factors associated with environmental contamination may vary according to structure and practices of communities.
Author Notes
ProCite
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-
1
Eckert J, Deplazes P, 1999. Alveolar echinococcosis in human: The current situation in Central Europe and the need for countermeasures. Parasitol Today 15 :315–319.
-
2
Wen H, Chai JJ, Wang JC, Wang SH, Wang XY, Feng XH, Zhou HX, 2002. Hydatid Control within a Continental System in P.R.China. Craig P, Pawlowski Z, eds. Cestode Zoonoses: Echinococcosis and Cysticercosis. NATO Science Series. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 355–366.
-
3
Vuitton DA, Zhou HX, Bresson-Hadni S, Wang Q, Piarroux M, Raoul F, Giraudoux P, 2003. Epidemiology of alveolar echinococcosis with particular reference to China and Europe. Parasitology 127 :S87–S107.
-
4
Qiu JM, Liu FJ, Schantz P, Ito A, Carol D, He JG, 1999. Epidemiological Survey of Hydatidosis in Tibetan Areas of Western Sichuan Province. Larrieu E, Romeo S, Mehapide C eds. XXXIII Archivos Internacionales de la Hidatidosis: 84.
-
5
Kern P, Ammon A, Kron M, Sinn G, Sander S, Petersen LR, Gaus W, Kern P, 2004. Risk factors for alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :2088–2093.
-
6
Craig PS, Giraudoux P, Shi D, Bartholomot B, Barnish G, Delattre P, Quere JP, Harraga S, Bao G, Wang Y, Lu F, Ito A, Vuitton DA, 2000. An epidemiological and ecological study of human alveolar echinococcosis transmission in south Gansu, China. Acta Trop 77 :167–177.
-
7
Budke CM, Campos-Poncec M, Wang Q, Torgerson PR, 2005. A canine purgation study and risk factor analysis for echinococcosis in a high endemic region of the Tibetan plateau. Vet Parasitol 127 :43–49.
-
8
Wang Q, Vuitton DA, Qiu JM, Giraudoux P, Xiao YF, Schantz PM, Raoul F, Li TY, Yang W, Craig P, 2004. Fenced pasture: a possible risk factor for human alveolar echinococcosis in Tibetan pastoralist communities of Sichuan, China. Acta Trop 90 :285–293.
-
9
Wang Q, Qiu JM, Schantz P, He JG, Ito A, Liu F, 2001. Risk factors for development of human hydatidosis among people whose family is raising livestock in western Sichuan Province, China. Chin J Parasitic Dis Parasitol 19 :289–293.
-
10
Ito A, Nakao M, Kutsumi H, Lightowlers MW, Itoh M, Sato S, 1993. Serodiagnosis of alveolar hydatid diseases by Western blotting. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87 :170–172.
-
11
Bartholomot B, Vuitton D, Harraga D, Shi DZ, Giraudoux P, Barnish G, Wang YH, Macpherson CNL, Craig PS, 2002. Combined ultrasound and serologic screening for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in central China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :23–29.
-
12
Schantz PM, Wang H, Qiu J, Liu FJ, Saito E, Emshoff A, Ito A, Roberts JM, Delker C, 2003. Echinococcosis on the Tibetan Plateau: prevalence and risk factors for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Tibetan populations in Qinghai Province, China. Parasitology 127 :S109–S120.
-
13
Bresson-Hadni S, Vuitton DA, Bartholomot B, Heyd B, Godard D, Meyer JP, Hrusovsky S, Becker MC, Mantion G, Lenys D, Miguet JP, 2000. A twenty-year history of alveolar echinococcosis in humans: analysis of a series of 117 patients from eastern France. Eur J Gastroenterol 12 :327–336.
-
14
Yang YR, Vuitton DA, Jones MK, Craig PS, McManus DP, 2005. Brain metastasis of alveolar echinococcosis in a hyperendemic focus of Echinococcus multilocularis infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99 :937–941.
-
15
Lawson JR, Gemmell MA, 1985. The potential role of blowflies in the transmission of taeniid tapeworm eggs. Parasitology 91 :129–143.
-
16
Li G, Shi XQ, 1985. A case report of human AE in Heilongjiang. Chi Sheng Chung Hsueh Yu Chi Sheng Chung Ping Tsa Chih 3 :8.
-
17
Yu SH, Xu LQ, Jiang ZX, Xu SH, Han JJ, Zhu YG, Chang J, Lin JX, Xu FN, 1994. Report on the first national wide survey of human parasites in China 1. Regional distribution of parasite species. Chin J Parasitic Dis Parasitol 12 :241–247.
-
18
Craig PS, Deshan L, MacPherson CN, Dazhong S, Reynolds D, Barnish G, Gottstein B, Zhirong W, 1992. A large focus of alveolar echinococcosis in central China. Lancet 340 :826–831.
-
19
Giraudoux P, Delattre P, Takahashi K, Raoul F, Quere K-P, Craig P, Vuitton D, 2002. Transmission ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis in wildlife: what can be learned from comparative studies and multiscale approaches? Craig P, Pawlowski Z, eds. Cestode Zoonoses: Echinococcosis and Cysticercosis. NATO Science Series, Amsterdam: IOS Press, 251–266.
-
20
Giraudoux P, Craig PS, Delattre P, Bao G, Bartholomot B, Harraga S, Quere JP, Raoul F, Wang Y, Shi D, Vuitton DA, 2003. Interactions between landscape changes and host communities can regulate Echinococcus multilocularis transmission. Parasitology 127 (Suppl)127:S121–S131.
-
21
Schantz PM, 1993. Echinococcus multilocularis in North America. Uchino J, Sato N, eds. Alveolar Echincoccosis of the Liver. Volume 30. Sapporo, Japan: Hokkaido University School of Medicine. Medical Library Series, 11–20.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 827 | 709 | 18 |
| Full Text Views | 341 | 3 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 59 | 3 | 0 |