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1
Gaye O, Diouf M, Dansokho EF, McLaughlin G, Diallo S, 1998. Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria using ParaSight F, ICT malaria PF and malaria IgG CELISA assays. Parasite 5 :189–192.
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2
Ricci L, Viani I, Piccolo G, Fabio A, Calderaro A, Galati L, Perandin F, Vecchia L, Manca N, Dettori G, Turano A, Chezzi C, 2000. Evaluation of OptiMAL assay test to detect imported malaria in Italy. New Microbiol 23 :391–398.
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3
Iqbal J, Hira PR, Sher A, Al-Enezi AA, 2001. Diagnosis of imported malaria by Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) and histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP-2)-based immunocapture assays. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 :20–23.
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4
Rubio JM, Buhigas I, Subirats M, Baquero M, Puente S, Benito A, 2001. Limited level of accuracy provided by available rapid diagnosis tests for malaria enhances the need for PCR-based reference laboratories. J Clin Microbiol 39 :2736–2737.
-
5
Coleman RE, Maneechai N, Rachapaew N, Kumpitak C, Soyseng V, Miller RS, Thimasarn K, Sattabongkot J, 2002. Field evaluation of the ICT Malaria Pf/Pv immunochromatographic test for the detection of asymptomatic malaria in a Plasmodium falciparum/vivax endemic area in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :379–383.
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6
Craig MH, Bredenkamp BL, Williams CH, Rossouw EJ, Kelly VJ, Kleinschmidt I, Martineau A, Henry GF, 2002. Field and laboratory comparative evaluation of ten rapid malaria diagnostic tests. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96 :258–265.
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7
Huong NM, Davis TM, Hewitt S, Huong NV, Uyen TT, Nhan DH, Cong le D, 2002. Comparison of three antigen detection methods for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of malaria: a field study from southern Vietnam. Trop Med Int Health 7 :304–308.
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8
Mason DP, Kawamoto F, Lin K, Laoboonchai A, Wongsrichanalai C, 2002. A comparison of two rapid field immunochromatographic tests to expert microscopy in the diagnosis of malaria. Acta Trop 82 :51–59.
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9
Kolaczinski J, Mohammed N, Ali I, Ali M, Khan N, Ezard N, Rowland M, 2004. Comparison of the OptiMAL rapid antigen test with field microscopy for the detection of Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum: considerations for the application of the rapid test in Afghanistan. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 98 :15–20.
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10
World Health Organization, 2003. Malaria Rapid Diagnosis: Making it Work. Manila: World Health Organization.
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11
World Health Organization, 2004. The Use of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests. Manila: World Health Organization.
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12
World Health Organization-Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2004. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests: making rapid diagnosis work. Available at http://www.wpro.who.int/rdt/. Accessed 2006.
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13
World Health Organization, 2002. VVM for All: Technical Review of Vaccine Vial Monitor Implementation. Geneva: World Health Organization.
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14
Lon CT, Alcantara S, Luchavez J, Tsuyuoka R, Bell D, 2005. Positive control wells: A potential answer to remote-area quality assurance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99 :493–498.
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15
Ballereau F, Prazuck T, Schrive I, Lafleuriel T, Rozec D, Fisch A, Lafaix C, 1997. Stability of essential drugs in the field: results of a study conducted over a two-year period in Burkina Faso. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57 :31–36.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 609 | 505 | 305 |
| Full Text Views | 175 | 7 | 0 |
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MALARIA RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS IN TROPICAL CLIMATES: THE NEED FOR A COOL CHAIN
PERNILLE JORGENSEN
PERNILLE JORGENSEN
World Health Organization–Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, The Philippines; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Kilusan Ligtas Malaria, Puerto Princesa, Palawan, The Philippines; World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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LON CHANTHAP
LON CHANTHAP
World Health Organization–Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, The Philippines; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Kilusan Ligtas Malaria, Puerto Princesa, Palawan, The Philippines; World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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ANTERO REBUENO
ANTERO REBUENO
World Health Organization–Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, The Philippines; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Kilusan Ligtas Malaria, Puerto Princesa, Palawan, The Philippines; World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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REIKO TSUYUOKA
REIKO TSUYUOKA
World Health Organization–Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, The Philippines; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Kilusan Ligtas Malaria, Puerto Princesa, Palawan, The Philippines; World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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DAVID BELL
DAVID BELL
World Health Organization–Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, The Philippines; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Kilusan Ligtas Malaria, Puerto Princesa, Palawan, The Philippines; World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Malaria control programs in endemic countries increasingly rely on early case detection and treatment at village level. The rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and accompanying drugs on which the success of these programs depends deteriorate to varying degrees at high temperatures. To assess the ability of health systems to maintain RDTs within manufacturers’ specifications, we monitored temperatures in the delivery chain from manufacturer through to the village health worker in Cambodia and the Philippines. In both countries, storage temperatures regularly exceeded those recommended for most RDTs intended for field use, whereas temperatures during transport greatly exceeded the lower and upper limits. These results emphasize the need for good logistical planning during the introduction of point-of-care tests in tropical countries and the importance of considering the stability of diagnostic tests during procurement.
Author Notes
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Reference Manager
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-
1
Gaye O, Diouf M, Dansokho EF, McLaughlin G, Diallo S, 1998. Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria using ParaSight F, ICT malaria PF and malaria IgG CELISA assays. Parasite 5 :189–192.
-
2
Ricci L, Viani I, Piccolo G, Fabio A, Calderaro A, Galati L, Perandin F, Vecchia L, Manca N, Dettori G, Turano A, Chezzi C, 2000. Evaluation of OptiMAL assay test to detect imported malaria in Italy. New Microbiol 23 :391–398.
-
3
Iqbal J, Hira PR, Sher A, Al-Enezi AA, 2001. Diagnosis of imported malaria by Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) and histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP-2)-based immunocapture assays. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 :20–23.
-
4
Rubio JM, Buhigas I, Subirats M, Baquero M, Puente S, Benito A, 2001. Limited level of accuracy provided by available rapid diagnosis tests for malaria enhances the need for PCR-based reference laboratories. J Clin Microbiol 39 :2736–2737.
-
5
Coleman RE, Maneechai N, Rachapaew N, Kumpitak C, Soyseng V, Miller RS, Thimasarn K, Sattabongkot J, 2002. Field evaluation of the ICT Malaria Pf/Pv immunochromatographic test for the detection of asymptomatic malaria in a Plasmodium falciparum/vivax endemic area in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :379–383.
-
6
Craig MH, Bredenkamp BL, Williams CH, Rossouw EJ, Kelly VJ, Kleinschmidt I, Martineau A, Henry GF, 2002. Field and laboratory comparative evaluation of ten rapid malaria diagnostic tests. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96 :258–265.
-
7
Huong NM, Davis TM, Hewitt S, Huong NV, Uyen TT, Nhan DH, Cong le D, 2002. Comparison of three antigen detection methods for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of malaria: a field study from southern Vietnam. Trop Med Int Health 7 :304–308.
-
8
Mason DP, Kawamoto F, Lin K, Laoboonchai A, Wongsrichanalai C, 2002. A comparison of two rapid field immunochromatographic tests to expert microscopy in the diagnosis of malaria. Acta Trop 82 :51–59.
-
9
Kolaczinski J, Mohammed N, Ali I, Ali M, Khan N, Ezard N, Rowland M, 2004. Comparison of the OptiMAL rapid antigen test with field microscopy for the detection of Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum: considerations for the application of the rapid test in Afghanistan. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 98 :15–20.
-
10
World Health Organization, 2003. Malaria Rapid Diagnosis: Making it Work. Manila: World Health Organization.
-
11
World Health Organization, 2004. The Use of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests. Manila: World Health Organization.
-
12
World Health Organization-Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2004. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests: making rapid diagnosis work. Available at http://www.wpro.who.int/rdt/. Accessed 2006.
-
13
World Health Organization, 2002. VVM for All: Technical Review of Vaccine Vial Monitor Implementation. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
14
Lon CT, Alcantara S, Luchavez J, Tsuyuoka R, Bell D, 2005. Positive control wells: A potential answer to remote-area quality assurance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99 :493–498.
-
15
Ballereau F, Prazuck T, Schrive I, Lafleuriel T, Rozec D, Fisch A, Lafaix C, 1997. Stability of essential drugs in the field: results of a study conducted over a two-year period in Burkina Faso. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57 :31–36.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 609 | 505 | 305 |
| Full Text Views | 175 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 80 | 10 | 0 |