ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
EANMAT, 2003. The efficacy of antimalarial monotherapies, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine in east Africa: implications for sub-regional policy. Trop Med Int Health 8 :860–867.
-
2
Bortolotti V, Buve A, 2002. Prophylaxis of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa: opportunities and obstacles. AIDS 16 :1309–1317.
-
3
Grimwade K, Swingler G, 2004. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in adults with HIV (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library. Chichester, United Kingdom, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
-
4
Carroll OM, Bryan PA, Robinson RJ, 1966. Stevens-Johnson syndrome associated with long-acting sulfonamides. JAMA 195 :691–693.
-
5
Roujeau JC, Guillaume JC, Fabre JP, Penso D, Fléchet ML, Girre JP, 1990. Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell syndrome). Incidence and drug etiology in France, 1981–1985. Arch Dermatol 126 :37–42.
-
6
Roujeau JC, Kelly JP, Naldi L, Rzany B, Stern RS, Anderson T, Auquier A, Bastuji-Garin S, Correia O, Locati F, Mockenhaupt M, Paoletti C, Shapiro S, Shear N, Schöpf E, Kaufman DW, 1995. Medication use and the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. N Engl J Med 333 :1600–1607.
-
7
Chan HL, Stern RS, Arndt KA, Langlois J, Jick SS, Jick H, Walker AM, 1990. The incidence of erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Arch Dermatol 126 :43–47.
-
8
Bastuji-Garin S, Rzany B, Stern RS, Shear NH, Naldi L, Roujeau JC, 1993. Clinical classification of cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and erythema multiforme. Arch Dermatol 129 :92–96.
-
9
Kelly JP, Auquier A, Rzany B, Naldi L, Bastuji-Garin S, Correia O, Shapiro S, Kaufman DW, 1995. An international collaborative case-control study of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR). Design and methods. J Clin Epidemiol 48 :1099–1108.
-
10
Roujeau JC, Stern RS, 1994. Severe adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs. N Engl J Med 331 :1272–1285.
-
11
Stern RS, Albengres E, Carlson J, Chen D, Kraft C, Dai W, Joseph M, Tilson H, Wiholm BE, 1993. An international comparison of case definition of severe adverse cutaneous reactions to medicines. Drug Saf 8 :69–77.
-
12
Auquier-Dunant A, Mockenhaupt M, Naldi L, Correia O, Schroder W, Roujeau JC, 2002. Correlations between clinical patterns and causes of erythema multiforme majus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis: results of an international prospective study. Arch Dermatol 138 :1019–1024.
-
13
Williams PM, Conklin RJ, 2005. Erythema multiforme: a review and contrast from Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. Dent Clin North Am 49 :67–76.
-
14
Mubyazi GM, 2003. The Role of Research in Changing Antimalarial Drug Policy in Tanzania. Geneva: The Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, 1–33.
-
15
Eriksen J, Nsimba SE, Minzi OM, Sanga AJ, Petzold M, Gustafsson LL, Warsame MY, Tomson G, 2005. Adoption of the new antimalarial drug policy in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study in the community. Trop Med Int Health 10 :1038–1046.
-
16
Stürchler D, Mittelholzer ML, Kerr L, 1993. How frequent are notified severe cutaneous adverse reactions to Fansidar®? Drug Saf 8 :160–168.
-
17
Phillips-Howard PA, West LJ, 1990. Serious adverse drug reactions to pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine-dapsone and to amodiaquine in Britain. J R Soc Med 83 :82–85.
-
18
Miller KD, Lobel HO, Satriale RF, Kuritsky JN, Stern RS, Campbell CC, 1986. Severe cutaneous reactions among American travelers using pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar®) for malaria prophylaxis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 35 :451–458.
-
19
Koopmans PP, van der Ven AJ, Vree TB, van der Meer JWM, 1995. Pathogenesis of hypersensitivity reactions to drugs in patients with HIV infection: allergic or toxic? AIDS 9 :217–222.
-
20
Nunn R, Kibuga D, Gathua S, Brindle R, Imalingat A, Wasunna K, Lucas S, Gilks C, Omwega M, Were J, McAdam K, 1991. Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions due to thiacetazone in HIV-1 seropositive patients treated for tuberculosis. Lancet 337 :627–630.
-
21
Saiag P, Caumes E, Chosidow O, Revuz J, Roujeau JC, 1992. Drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell syndrome) in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Am Acad Dermatol 26 :567–574.
-
22
Malawi National Statistical Office, ORC Macro, 2001. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2000. Zomba, Malawi and Calverton, MD: National Statistical Office and ORC Macro.
-
23
UNAIDS, 2002. Malawi: Epidemiological Fact Sheets on HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections. Available from http://www.unaids.org/html/pub/Publications/Fact-Sheets01/Malawi_EN_pdf.pdf.
-
24
Wolkenstein P, Charue D, Laurent P, Revuz J, Roujeau JC, Bagot M, 1995. Metabolic predisposition to cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Arch Dermatol 131 :544–551.
-
25
Wolkenstein P, Carrière V, Charue D, Bastuji-Garin S, Revuz J, Roujeau JC, Beaune P, Bagot M, 1995. A slow acetylator genotype is a risk factor for sulphonamide-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Pharmacogenetics 5 :255–258.
-
26
Roujeau JC, Huynh TN, Bracq C, Guillaume JC, Revuz J, Touraine R, 1987. Genetic susceptibility to toxic epidermal necrolysis. Arch Dermatol 123 :1171–1173.
-
27
Colebunders R, Izaley L, Bila K, Kabumbpangi K, Melameka N, Francis H, Curran JW, Ryder R, Piot P, 1987. Cutaneous reactions to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in African patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 107 :599–600.
-
28
Bergoend H, Löffler A, Amar R, Maleville J, 1968. Réactions cutanées survenues au cours de la prophylaxie de masse de la méningite cérébro-spinale par un sulfamide long-retard (a pro-pos de 977 cas). Ann Dermatol Syphiligr (Paris) 95 :481–490.
-
29
Hellgren U, Rombo L, Berg B, Carlson J, Wiholm BE, 1987. Adverse reactions to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in Swedish travellers: implications for prophylaxis. BMJ 295 :365–366.
-
30
Lyn PC, Fernandez E, 1987. Severe cutaneous adverse reactions and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in Sabah, Malaysia. Med J Aust 146 :335–336.
-
31
Björkman AB, Phillips-Howard PA, 1991. Adverse reactions to sulfa drugs: implications for malaria chemotherapy. Bull World Health Organ 69 :297–304.
-
32
WHO, 2004. Coverage of Selected Services for HIV/AIDS Prevention, Care and Support in Low and Middle Income Countries in 2003. Available from http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/prev_care/en/coveragereport_2003.pdf.
-
33
Greenwood B, Marsh K, Snow R, 1991. Why do some African children develop severe malaria? Parasitol Today 7 :277.
-
34
White N, 1999. Antimalarial drug resistance and mortality in falciparum malaria. Trop Med Int Health 4 :469–470.
-
35
National Board of Statistics (Tanzania), Macro International Inc., 2000. Tanzania Reproductive and Child Health Survey 1999. Calverton, MD: National Bureau of Statistics and Macro International Inc.
-
36
National Council for Population and Development, Central Board of Statistics (Kenya), Macro International Inc., 1999. Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 1998. Calverton, MD: National Council for Population and Development, Central Bureau of Statistics (Kenya) and Macro International Inc.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 585 | 536 | 25 |
| Full Text Views | 148 | 4 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 68 | 5 | 0 |
SEVERE CUTANEOUS REACTIONS TO SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE AND TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE IN BLANTYRE DISTRICT, MALAWI
JOHN E. GIMNIG
JOHN E. GIMNIG
Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Blantyre District Health Office, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Blantyre Integrated Malaria Initiative, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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JOHN R. MacARTHUR
JOHN R. MacARTHUR
Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Blantyre District Health Office, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Blantyre Integrated Malaria Initiative, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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MAURICE M’BANG’OMBE
MAURICE M’BANG’OMBE
Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Blantyre District Health Office, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Blantyre Integrated Malaria Initiative, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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MICHAEL H. KRAMER
MICHAEL H. KRAMER
Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Blantyre District Health Office, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Blantyre Integrated Malaria Initiative, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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NYSON CHIZANI
NYSON CHIZANI
Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Blantyre District Health Office, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Blantyre Integrated Malaria Initiative, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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ROBERT S. STERN
ROBERT S. STERN
Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Blantyre District Health Office, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Blantyre Integrated Malaria Initiative, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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CHRIS MKANDALA
CHRIS MKANDALA
Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Blantyre District Health Office, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Blantyre Integrated Malaria Initiative, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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ROBERT D. NEWMAN
ROBERT D. NEWMAN
Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Blantyre District Health Office, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Blantyre Integrated Malaria Initiative, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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RICHARD W. STEKETEE
RICHARD W. STEKETEE
Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Blantyre District Health Office, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Blantyre Integrated Malaria Initiative, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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CARL H. CAMPBELL
CARL H. CAMPBELL
Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Blantyre District Health Office, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Blantyre Integrated Malaria Initiative, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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We estimated the frequency of clinically diagnosed Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (CTX) in Blantyre District, Malawi. Cases were detected by passive surveillance at 22 health centers from March 2001 through September 2002. Denominators were estimated from the Malawi national census for Blantyre District and the frequency of SP and CTX use reported in five household surveys. Crude rates of adverse reactions were estimated to be 1.2 per 100,000 exposures for SP and 1.5 per 100,000 exposures for CTX. Rates were higher in adults (1.7 cases per 100,000 SP exposures and 2.6 cases per 100,000 CTX exposures) and in persons positive for human immunodeficiency virus (4.9 cases per 100,000 SP exposures and 8.4 cases per 100,000 CTX exposures). Infrequent treatment doses with SP are associated with a low risk of an adverse cutaneous reaction, and SP can be recommended for treatment of malaria in areas where P. falciparum is susceptible.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
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-
1
EANMAT, 2003. The efficacy of antimalarial monotherapies, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine in east Africa: implications for sub-regional policy. Trop Med Int Health 8 :860–867.
-
2
Bortolotti V, Buve A, 2002. Prophylaxis of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa: opportunities and obstacles. AIDS 16 :1309–1317.
-
3
Grimwade K, Swingler G, 2004. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in adults with HIV (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library. Chichester, United Kingdom, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
-
4
Carroll OM, Bryan PA, Robinson RJ, 1966. Stevens-Johnson syndrome associated with long-acting sulfonamides. JAMA 195 :691–693.
-
5
Roujeau JC, Guillaume JC, Fabre JP, Penso D, Fléchet ML, Girre JP, 1990. Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell syndrome). Incidence and drug etiology in France, 1981–1985. Arch Dermatol 126 :37–42.
-
6
Roujeau JC, Kelly JP, Naldi L, Rzany B, Stern RS, Anderson T, Auquier A, Bastuji-Garin S, Correia O, Locati F, Mockenhaupt M, Paoletti C, Shapiro S, Shear N, Schöpf E, Kaufman DW, 1995. Medication use and the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. N Engl J Med 333 :1600–1607.
-
7
Chan HL, Stern RS, Arndt KA, Langlois J, Jick SS, Jick H, Walker AM, 1990. The incidence of erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Arch Dermatol 126 :43–47.
-
8
Bastuji-Garin S, Rzany B, Stern RS, Shear NH, Naldi L, Roujeau JC, 1993. Clinical classification of cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and erythema multiforme. Arch Dermatol 129 :92–96.
-
9
Kelly JP, Auquier A, Rzany B, Naldi L, Bastuji-Garin S, Correia O, Shapiro S, Kaufman DW, 1995. An international collaborative case-control study of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR). Design and methods. J Clin Epidemiol 48 :1099–1108.
-
10
Roujeau JC, Stern RS, 1994. Severe adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs. N Engl J Med 331 :1272–1285.
-
11
Stern RS, Albengres E, Carlson J, Chen D, Kraft C, Dai W, Joseph M, Tilson H, Wiholm BE, 1993. An international comparison of case definition of severe adverse cutaneous reactions to medicines. Drug Saf 8 :69–77.
-
12
Auquier-Dunant A, Mockenhaupt M, Naldi L, Correia O, Schroder W, Roujeau JC, 2002. Correlations between clinical patterns and causes of erythema multiforme majus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis: results of an international prospective study. Arch Dermatol 138 :1019–1024.
-
13
Williams PM, Conklin RJ, 2005. Erythema multiforme: a review and contrast from Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. Dent Clin North Am 49 :67–76.
-
14
Mubyazi GM, 2003. The Role of Research in Changing Antimalarial Drug Policy in Tanzania. Geneva: The Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, 1–33.
-
15
Eriksen J, Nsimba SE, Minzi OM, Sanga AJ, Petzold M, Gustafsson LL, Warsame MY, Tomson G, 2005. Adoption of the new antimalarial drug policy in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study in the community. Trop Med Int Health 10 :1038–1046.
-
16
Stürchler D, Mittelholzer ML, Kerr L, 1993. How frequent are notified severe cutaneous adverse reactions to Fansidar®? Drug Saf 8 :160–168.
-
17
Phillips-Howard PA, West LJ, 1990. Serious adverse drug reactions to pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine-dapsone and to amodiaquine in Britain. J R Soc Med 83 :82–85.
-
18
Miller KD, Lobel HO, Satriale RF, Kuritsky JN, Stern RS, Campbell CC, 1986. Severe cutaneous reactions among American travelers using pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar®) for malaria prophylaxis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 35 :451–458.
-
19
Koopmans PP, van der Ven AJ, Vree TB, van der Meer JWM, 1995. Pathogenesis of hypersensitivity reactions to drugs in patients with HIV infection: allergic or toxic? AIDS 9 :217–222.
-
20
Nunn R, Kibuga D, Gathua S, Brindle R, Imalingat A, Wasunna K, Lucas S, Gilks C, Omwega M, Were J, McAdam K, 1991. Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions due to thiacetazone in HIV-1 seropositive patients treated for tuberculosis. Lancet 337 :627–630.
-
21
Saiag P, Caumes E, Chosidow O, Revuz J, Roujeau JC, 1992. Drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell syndrome) in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Am Acad Dermatol 26 :567–574.
-
22
Malawi National Statistical Office, ORC Macro, 2001. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2000. Zomba, Malawi and Calverton, MD: National Statistical Office and ORC Macro.
-
23
UNAIDS, 2002. Malawi: Epidemiological Fact Sheets on HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections. Available from http://www.unaids.org/html/pub/Publications/Fact-Sheets01/Malawi_EN_pdf.pdf.
-
24
Wolkenstein P, Charue D, Laurent P, Revuz J, Roujeau JC, Bagot M, 1995. Metabolic predisposition to cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Arch Dermatol 131 :544–551.
-
25
Wolkenstein P, Carrière V, Charue D, Bastuji-Garin S, Revuz J, Roujeau JC, Beaune P, Bagot M, 1995. A slow acetylator genotype is a risk factor for sulphonamide-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Pharmacogenetics 5 :255–258.
-
26
Roujeau JC, Huynh TN, Bracq C, Guillaume JC, Revuz J, Touraine R, 1987. Genetic susceptibility to toxic epidermal necrolysis. Arch Dermatol 123 :1171–1173.
-
27
Colebunders R, Izaley L, Bila K, Kabumbpangi K, Melameka N, Francis H, Curran JW, Ryder R, Piot P, 1987. Cutaneous reactions to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in African patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 107 :599–600.
-
28
Bergoend H, Löffler A, Amar R, Maleville J, 1968. Réactions cutanées survenues au cours de la prophylaxie de masse de la méningite cérébro-spinale par un sulfamide long-retard (a pro-pos de 977 cas). Ann Dermatol Syphiligr (Paris) 95 :481–490.
-
29
Hellgren U, Rombo L, Berg B, Carlson J, Wiholm BE, 1987. Adverse reactions to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in Swedish travellers: implications for prophylaxis. BMJ 295 :365–366.
-
30
Lyn PC, Fernandez E, 1987. Severe cutaneous adverse reactions and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in Sabah, Malaysia. Med J Aust 146 :335–336.
-
31
Björkman AB, Phillips-Howard PA, 1991. Adverse reactions to sulfa drugs: implications for malaria chemotherapy. Bull World Health Organ 69 :297–304.
-
32
WHO, 2004. Coverage of Selected Services for HIV/AIDS Prevention, Care and Support in Low and Middle Income Countries in 2003. Available from http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/prev_care/en/coveragereport_2003.pdf.
-
33
Greenwood B, Marsh K, Snow R, 1991. Why do some African children develop severe malaria? Parasitol Today 7 :277.
-
34
White N, 1999. Antimalarial drug resistance and mortality in falciparum malaria. Trop Med Int Health 4 :469–470.
-
35
National Board of Statistics (Tanzania), Macro International Inc., 2000. Tanzania Reproductive and Child Health Survey 1999. Calverton, MD: National Bureau of Statistics and Macro International Inc.
-
36
National Council for Population and Development, Central Board of Statistics (Kenya), Macro International Inc., 1999. Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 1998. Calverton, MD: National Council for Population and Development, Central Bureau of Statistics (Kenya) and Macro International Inc.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 585 | 536 | 25 |
| Full Text Views | 148 | 4 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 68 | 5 | 0 |