Centers for Disease Control, 1987. Revision of the CDC surveillance case definition for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 36 :1S–15S.
Wheat LJ, Chetchotisakd P, Williams B, Connolly P, Shutt K, Hajjeh R, 2000. Factors associated with severe manifestations of histoplasmosis in AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 30 :877–881.
Zembrzuski MM, Bassanesi MC, Wagner LC, Severo LC, 1996. Inquérito intradérmico com histoplasmina e paracoccidiodina em duas regiões do Rio Grande do Sul. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 29 :1–3.
Karimi K, Wheat LJ, Connolly P, Cloud G, Hajjeh R, Wheat E, Alves K, Lacaz S, Keath E, 2002. Differences in histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in United States and Brazil. J Infect Dis 186 :1655–1660.
Cano MVC, Hejjeh RA, 2001. The epidemiology of histoplasmosis: a review. Semin Respir Infect 16 :109–118.
Hajjeh RA, 1995. Disseminated histoplasmosis in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 21 (Suppl 1):S108–S110.
Couppie P, Sobesky M, Aznar C, Bichat S, Clyti E, Bissuel F, El Guedj M, Alvarez F, Demar M, Luovel D, Pradinaud R, Carme B, 2004. Histoplasmosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a study of prognostic factors. Clin Infect Dis 38 :134–138.
American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference, 1992. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the need of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit Care Med 20 :864–874.
Brady HR, Clarkson MR, Lieberthal W, 2004. Acute renal failure. Brenner BM, ed. Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney. Seventh edition. London: Elsevier, 1215–1292.
Borges AS, Ferreira MS, Silvestre MTA, Nishioka SA, Rocha A, 1997. Histoplasmose em pacientes imunodeprimidos: estudo de 18 casos observados em Uberlândia, MG. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 30 :119–124.
McKinsey DS, Spiegel RA, Hutwagner L, Stanford J, Driks MR, Brewer J, Gupta MR, Smith DL, O’Connor MC, Dall L, 1997. Prospective study of histoplasmosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: incidence, risk factors, and pathophysiology. Clin Infect Dis 24 :1195–1203.
Pietrobon D, 2004. Negro-Marquínez, Kilstein J, Galindez J, Greca A, Battagliotti. Histoplasmosis diseminada y sida en un hospital argentino: manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 22 :156–159.
Sarosi GA, Johnson PC, 1992. Disseminated histoplasmosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 14 (Suppl 1):S60–S67.
Anonymous, 1997. Fever and renal failure in a 31-year-old male with AIDS. Am J Med 102 :310–315.
Burke DC, Emancipator SN, Smith MC, Salata RA, 1997. Histoplasmosis and kidney disease in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 25 :281–284.
Goswami RP, Pramanik N, Banerjee D, Raza MM, Guka SK, Maiti PK, 1999. Histoplasmosis in eastern India: the tip of the iceberg? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 :540–542.
Nand N, Aggarwal HK, Singh M, Arora BR, Sen J, 2001. Renal failure in a case of histoplasmosis. J Assoc Physicians India 49 :833–834.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 981 | 928 | 710 |
Full Text Views | 158 | 12 | 9 |
PDF Downloads | 57 | 11 | 8 |
We performed a retrospective study of 164 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients with disseminated histoplasmosis to identify the risk factors for death. Death occurred in 32% of the cases. Univariate analysis identified the following risk factors: diarrhea (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9, P = 0.001), neurologic manifestations (OR = 5.8, ; P = 0.001), hemoglobin level < 8.0g/dL (OR = 2.7, P = 0.004), urea level 2 times the normal upper limit (OR = 5.0, P < 0.001), creatinine level > 1.5 mg/dL (OR = 2.9, P = 0.005), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level > 2.5 times the normal upper limit (OR = 3.1, P = 0.01), respiratory insufficiency (OR = 9.7, P < 0.001), sepsis (OR = 20.2, P < 0.001), and acute renal failure (OR = 2.5, P = 0.011). A hemoglobin level < 8.0 g/dL (OR = 3.8, P = 0.008), an AST level ≥ 2.5 times the normal limit (OR = 1.0, P = 0.007), acute renal failure (OR = 2.96, P = 0.015), and respiratory insufficiency (OR = 12.2, P = 0.01) were independent risk factors for death.
Centers for Disease Control, 1987. Revision of the CDC surveillance case definition for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 36 :1S–15S.
Wheat LJ, Chetchotisakd P, Williams B, Connolly P, Shutt K, Hajjeh R, 2000. Factors associated with severe manifestations of histoplasmosis in AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 30 :877–881.
Zembrzuski MM, Bassanesi MC, Wagner LC, Severo LC, 1996. Inquérito intradérmico com histoplasmina e paracoccidiodina em duas regiões do Rio Grande do Sul. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 29 :1–3.
Karimi K, Wheat LJ, Connolly P, Cloud G, Hajjeh R, Wheat E, Alves K, Lacaz S, Keath E, 2002. Differences in histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in United States and Brazil. J Infect Dis 186 :1655–1660.
Cano MVC, Hejjeh RA, 2001. The epidemiology of histoplasmosis: a review. Semin Respir Infect 16 :109–118.
Hajjeh RA, 1995. Disseminated histoplasmosis in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 21 (Suppl 1):S108–S110.
Couppie P, Sobesky M, Aznar C, Bichat S, Clyti E, Bissuel F, El Guedj M, Alvarez F, Demar M, Luovel D, Pradinaud R, Carme B, 2004. Histoplasmosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a study of prognostic factors. Clin Infect Dis 38 :134–138.
American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference, 1992. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the need of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit Care Med 20 :864–874.
Brady HR, Clarkson MR, Lieberthal W, 2004. Acute renal failure. Brenner BM, ed. Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney. Seventh edition. London: Elsevier, 1215–1292.
Borges AS, Ferreira MS, Silvestre MTA, Nishioka SA, Rocha A, 1997. Histoplasmose em pacientes imunodeprimidos: estudo de 18 casos observados em Uberlândia, MG. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 30 :119–124.
McKinsey DS, Spiegel RA, Hutwagner L, Stanford J, Driks MR, Brewer J, Gupta MR, Smith DL, O’Connor MC, Dall L, 1997. Prospective study of histoplasmosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: incidence, risk factors, and pathophysiology. Clin Infect Dis 24 :1195–1203.
Pietrobon D, 2004. Negro-Marquínez, Kilstein J, Galindez J, Greca A, Battagliotti. Histoplasmosis diseminada y sida en un hospital argentino: manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 22 :156–159.
Sarosi GA, Johnson PC, 1992. Disseminated histoplasmosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 14 (Suppl 1):S60–S67.
Anonymous, 1997. Fever and renal failure in a 31-year-old male with AIDS. Am J Med 102 :310–315.
Burke DC, Emancipator SN, Smith MC, Salata RA, 1997. Histoplasmosis and kidney disease in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 25 :281–284.
Goswami RP, Pramanik N, Banerjee D, Raza MM, Guka SK, Maiti PK, 1999. Histoplasmosis in eastern India: the tip of the iceberg? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 :540–542.
Nand N, Aggarwal HK, Singh M, Arora BR, Sen J, 2001. Renal failure in a case of histoplasmosis. J Assoc Physicians India 49 :833–834.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 981 | 928 | 710 |
Full Text Views | 158 | 12 | 9 |
PDF Downloads | 57 | 11 | 8 |