FREQUENCIES OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MYELOID CELLS IN HEALTHY KENYAN CHILDREN WITH α+ THALASSEMIA AND THE SICKLE CELL TRAIT

BRITTA C. URBAN Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.

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MOHAMMED J. SHAFI Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.

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DAMIEN V. CORDERY Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.

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ALEX MACHARIA Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.

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BRETT LOWE Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.

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KEVIN MARSH Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.

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THOMAS N. WILLIAMS Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.

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The high frequencies of both α+ thalassemia and the sickle cell trait (hemoglobin AS [HbAS]) found in many tropical populations are thought to reflect selection pressure from Plasmodium falciparum malaria. For HbAS, but not for α+ thalassemia, protection appears to be mediated by the enhanced phagocytic clearance of ring-infected erythrocytes. We have investigated the genotype-specific distributions of peripheral blood leukocyte populations in two groups of children living on the coast of Kenya: a group of healthy P. falciparum parasite-negative children sampled at cross-sectional survey during a period of low malaria transmission, and a group of children attending the hospital with acute malaria. We report distinctive distributions of peripheral blood myeloid dendritic cells and monocytes in children with α+ thalassemia and HbAS during healthy periods and disease, and suggest ways in which these might relate to the mechanisms of protection afforded by these conditions.

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