Burke DS, Monath TP, 2001. Flaviviruses. Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Field’s Virology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1043–1126.
Monath TP, 1994. Dengue: the risk to developed and developing countries. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 :2395–2400.
Gibbons RV, Vaughn DW, 2002. Dengue: an escalating problem. BMJ 324 :1563–1566.
Lum GL, 1997. Clinical spectrum of dengue infection. Gubler DJ, Kuno G, eds. Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. New York: CAB International, 89–114.
World Health Organization, 1997. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Control. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Nisalak A, Endy TP, Nimmanniya S, Kalayanarooj S, Thisayakorn U, Scott RM, Burke DS, Hoke CH, Innis BL, Vaughn DW, 2003. Serotype-specific dengue virus circulation and dengue disease in Bangkok, Thailand from 1973–1979. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :191–202.
Pereira MN, Jabor LM, Reis MR, Guimaraes C, Menezes BP, Ortiz LI, Alexandre AJ, Medronho RA, 2004. Diferencas clínicas observadas em pacientes com dengue causadas por diferentes sorotipos na epidemia de 2001/2002, ocorrida no municipio do Rio de Janeiro. Rev Soc Brasil Med Trop 37 :293–295.
Vaughn DW, Green S, Kalayanarooj S, Innis BL, Nimmannitya S, Suntayakorn S, Endy T, Raengsakulrach B, Rothman AL, Ennis FA, Nisalak A, 2000. Dengue viremia titer, antibody response pattern, and virus serotype correlate with disease severity. J Infect Dis 181 :2–9.
Messer WB, Gubler DJ, Harris E, Sivananthan K, de Silva AM, 2003. Emergence and global spread of a dengue serotype 3, subtype III virus. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :800–809.
Rico-Hesse R, Harrison LM, Salas RA, Tovar D, Nisalak A, Ramos C, Boshell J, de Mesa MT, Nogueira RM, da Rosa AT, 1997. Origins of dengue type 2 viruses associated with increased pathogenicity in the Americas. Virology 230 :244–251.
Gubler DJ, Trent DW, 1994. Emergence of epidemic dengue/ dengue hemorrhagic fever as a public health problem in the Americas. Infect Agents Dis 2 :383–393.
Pan American Health Organization, 1994. Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in the Americas: Guidelines for Prevention and Control. Scientific Publication No. 548. Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC.
Guzman MG, Kouri G, 2001. Dengue: an update. Lancet Infect Dis 2 :33–42.
Kouri G, Valdez M, Arguello L, Guzmán MG, Valdes L, Soler M, Bravo J, 1991. Dengue epidemic in Nicaragua, 1985. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 33 :365–371.
Harris E, Videa E, Perez L, Sandoval E, Tellez Y, Perez ML, Cuadra R, Rocha J, Idiaquez W, Alonso RE, Delgado MA, Campo LA, Acevedo F, Gonzalez A, Amador JJ, Balmaseda A, 2000. Clinical, epidemiologic, and virologic features of dengue in the 1998 epidemic in Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg 63 :5–11.
Balmaseda A, Sandoval E, Pérez L, Gutiérrez CM, Harris E, 1999. Application of molecular typing techniques in the 1998 dengue epidemic in Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :893–897.
Hammond SN, Balmaseda A, Perez L, Tellez Y, Saboría SI, Mercado JC, Videa E, Rodríguez Y, Perez MA, Cuadra R, Solano S, Rocha J, Idiaquez W, Gonzalez A, Campos LA, Amador JJ, Harris E, 2005. Differences in dengue severity in infants, children, and adults in a three-year hospital-based study in Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :1063–1070.
Guzmán MG, Vásquez S, Martínez E, Alvarez M, Rodríguez R, Kourí G, de los Reyes J, Acevedo F, 1996. Dengue en Nicaragua, 1994: reintroducción del serotipo 3 en las Américas. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam 121 :102–110.
Balmaseda A, Hammond SN, Perez MA, Cuadra R, Solano S, Rocha J, Idiaquez W, Harris E, 2005. Assessment of the World Health Organization scheme for classification of dengue severity in Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :1059–1062.
Vorndam V, Kuno G, 1997. Laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infections. Gubler DJ, Kuno G, eds. Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. New York: CAB International, 313–333.
Balmaseda A, Guzman MG, Hammond S, Robleto G, Flores C, Tellez Y, Videa E, Saborio S, Perez L, Sandoval E, Rodriguez Y, Harris E, 2003. Diagnosis of dengue virus infection by detection of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgA antibodies in serum and saliva. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 10 :317–322.
Fernandez R, Vasquez S, 1990. Serological diagnosis of dengue by an ELISA Inhibition method. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 85 :347–351.
Lanciotti R, Calisher C, Gubler D, Chang G, Vorndam A, 1992. Rapid detection and typing of dengue viruses from clinical samples by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 30 :545–551.
Harris E, Roberts TG, Smith L, Selle J, Kramer LD, Valle S, Sandoval E, Balmaseda A, 1998. Typing of dengue viruses in clinical specimens and mosquitoes by single-tube multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR. J Clin Microbiol 36 :2634–2639.
Seah CLK, Chow VTK, Tan HC, Chan YC, 1995. Rapid, single-step RT-PCR typing of dengue viruses using five NS3 gene primers. J Virol Meth 51 :193–200.
Endy TP, Nisalak A, Chunsuttiwat S, Libraty DH, Green S, Rothman AL, Vaughn DW, Ennis FA, 2002. Spatial and temporal circulation of dengue virus serotypes: a prospective study of primary school children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Am J Epidemiol 156 :52–59.
Graham RR, Juffrie M, Tan R, Hayes CG, Laksono I, Ma’roef C, Erlin, Sutaryo, Porter KR, Halstead SB, 1999. A prospective seroepidemiologic study on dengue in children four to nine years of age in Yogyakarta, Indonesia I. Studies in 1995–1996. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :412–419.
Sangkawibha N, Rojanasuphot S, Ahandrik S, Viriyapongse S, Jatanasen S, Salitul V, Phanthumachinda B, Halstead SB, 1984. Risk factors in dengue shock syndrome: a prospective epidemiologic study in Rayong, Thailand. I. The 1980 outbreak. Am J Epidemiol 120 :653–669.
Thien S, Aung MM, Shwe TN, Aye M, Zaw A, Aye K, Aye KM, Aaskow J, 1997. Risk factors in dengue shock syndrome. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :566–572.
Corwin AL, Larasati RP, Bangs MJ, Wuryadi S, Arjoso S, Sukri N, Listyaningsih E, Hartati S, Namursa R, Anwar Z, Chandra S, Loho B, Ahmad H, Campbell JR, Porter KR, 2001. Epidemic dengue transmission in southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 :257–265.
Guzman MG, Kouri G, Valdes L, Bravo J, Alvarez M, Vazques S, Delgado I, Halstead SB, 2000. Epidemiologic studies on dengue in Santiago de Cuba, 1997. Am J Epidemiol 152 :793–799.
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Dengue, the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease of humans, is caused by four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV 1–4). Although all four DENV serotypes cause a range of illness, defining precisely which clinical characteristics are associated with the distinct serotypes has been elusive. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 984 and 313 hospitalized children with confirmed DENV infections during two time periods, respectively, in the same hospitals in Nicaragua: a 3-year period (1999–2001) when DENV-2 accounted for 96% of the viruses identified, and the 2003 dengue season when DENV-1 predominated (87% of identified serotypes). When the two periods were compared, more shock (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.35–2.71) and internal hemorrhage (OR 2.05, CI 1.16–3.78) were observed in the period when DENV-2 predominated, whereas increased vascular permeability was associated to a greater degree with the DENV-1 period (OR 2.36, CI 1.80–3.09). Compared with the DENV-2 period, the DENV-1 season was associated with more hospitalized primary dengue cases (OR 3.86, CI 2.72–5.48) and more primary DENV infections with severe manifestations (OR 2.93, CI 2.00–4.28). These findings provide new data to characterize the pathogenic potential of distinct DENV serotypes in human populations.
Burke DS, Monath TP, 2001. Flaviviruses. Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Field’s Virology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1043–1126.
Monath TP, 1994. Dengue: the risk to developed and developing countries. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 :2395–2400.
Gibbons RV, Vaughn DW, 2002. Dengue: an escalating problem. BMJ 324 :1563–1566.
Lum GL, 1997. Clinical spectrum of dengue infection. Gubler DJ, Kuno G, eds. Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. New York: CAB International, 89–114.
World Health Organization, 1997. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Control. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Nisalak A, Endy TP, Nimmanniya S, Kalayanarooj S, Thisayakorn U, Scott RM, Burke DS, Hoke CH, Innis BL, Vaughn DW, 2003. Serotype-specific dengue virus circulation and dengue disease in Bangkok, Thailand from 1973–1979. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :191–202.
Pereira MN, Jabor LM, Reis MR, Guimaraes C, Menezes BP, Ortiz LI, Alexandre AJ, Medronho RA, 2004. Diferencas clínicas observadas em pacientes com dengue causadas por diferentes sorotipos na epidemia de 2001/2002, ocorrida no municipio do Rio de Janeiro. Rev Soc Brasil Med Trop 37 :293–295.
Vaughn DW, Green S, Kalayanarooj S, Innis BL, Nimmannitya S, Suntayakorn S, Endy T, Raengsakulrach B, Rothman AL, Ennis FA, Nisalak A, 2000. Dengue viremia titer, antibody response pattern, and virus serotype correlate with disease severity. J Infect Dis 181 :2–9.
Messer WB, Gubler DJ, Harris E, Sivananthan K, de Silva AM, 2003. Emergence and global spread of a dengue serotype 3, subtype III virus. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :800–809.
Rico-Hesse R, Harrison LM, Salas RA, Tovar D, Nisalak A, Ramos C, Boshell J, de Mesa MT, Nogueira RM, da Rosa AT, 1997. Origins of dengue type 2 viruses associated with increased pathogenicity in the Americas. Virology 230 :244–251.
Gubler DJ, Trent DW, 1994. Emergence of epidemic dengue/ dengue hemorrhagic fever as a public health problem in the Americas. Infect Agents Dis 2 :383–393.
Pan American Health Organization, 1994. Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in the Americas: Guidelines for Prevention and Control. Scientific Publication No. 548. Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC.
Guzman MG, Kouri G, 2001. Dengue: an update. Lancet Infect Dis 2 :33–42.
Kouri G, Valdez M, Arguello L, Guzmán MG, Valdes L, Soler M, Bravo J, 1991. Dengue epidemic in Nicaragua, 1985. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 33 :365–371.
Harris E, Videa E, Perez L, Sandoval E, Tellez Y, Perez ML, Cuadra R, Rocha J, Idiaquez W, Alonso RE, Delgado MA, Campo LA, Acevedo F, Gonzalez A, Amador JJ, Balmaseda A, 2000. Clinical, epidemiologic, and virologic features of dengue in the 1998 epidemic in Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg 63 :5–11.
Balmaseda A, Sandoval E, Pérez L, Gutiérrez CM, Harris E, 1999. Application of molecular typing techniques in the 1998 dengue epidemic in Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :893–897.
Hammond SN, Balmaseda A, Perez L, Tellez Y, Saboría SI, Mercado JC, Videa E, Rodríguez Y, Perez MA, Cuadra R, Solano S, Rocha J, Idiaquez W, Gonzalez A, Campos LA, Amador JJ, Harris E, 2005. Differences in dengue severity in infants, children, and adults in a three-year hospital-based study in Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :1063–1070.
Guzmán MG, Vásquez S, Martínez E, Alvarez M, Rodríguez R, Kourí G, de los Reyes J, Acevedo F, 1996. Dengue en Nicaragua, 1994: reintroducción del serotipo 3 en las Américas. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam 121 :102–110.
Balmaseda A, Hammond SN, Perez MA, Cuadra R, Solano S, Rocha J, Idiaquez W, Harris E, 2005. Assessment of the World Health Organization scheme for classification of dengue severity in Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :1059–1062.
Vorndam V, Kuno G, 1997. Laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infections. Gubler DJ, Kuno G, eds. Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. New York: CAB International, 313–333.
Balmaseda A, Guzman MG, Hammond S, Robleto G, Flores C, Tellez Y, Videa E, Saborio S, Perez L, Sandoval E, Rodriguez Y, Harris E, 2003. Diagnosis of dengue virus infection by detection of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgA antibodies in serum and saliva. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 10 :317–322.
Fernandez R, Vasquez S, 1990. Serological diagnosis of dengue by an ELISA Inhibition method. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 85 :347–351.
Lanciotti R, Calisher C, Gubler D, Chang G, Vorndam A, 1992. Rapid detection and typing of dengue viruses from clinical samples by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 30 :545–551.
Harris E, Roberts TG, Smith L, Selle J, Kramer LD, Valle S, Sandoval E, Balmaseda A, 1998. Typing of dengue viruses in clinical specimens and mosquitoes by single-tube multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR. J Clin Microbiol 36 :2634–2639.
Seah CLK, Chow VTK, Tan HC, Chan YC, 1995. Rapid, single-step RT-PCR typing of dengue viruses using five NS3 gene primers. J Virol Meth 51 :193–200.
Endy TP, Nisalak A, Chunsuttiwat S, Libraty DH, Green S, Rothman AL, Vaughn DW, Ennis FA, 2002. Spatial and temporal circulation of dengue virus serotypes: a prospective study of primary school children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Am J Epidemiol 156 :52–59.
Graham RR, Juffrie M, Tan R, Hayes CG, Laksono I, Ma’roef C, Erlin, Sutaryo, Porter KR, Halstead SB, 1999. A prospective seroepidemiologic study on dengue in children four to nine years of age in Yogyakarta, Indonesia I. Studies in 1995–1996. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :412–419.
Sangkawibha N, Rojanasuphot S, Ahandrik S, Viriyapongse S, Jatanasen S, Salitul V, Phanthumachinda B, Halstead SB, 1984. Risk factors in dengue shock syndrome: a prospective epidemiologic study in Rayong, Thailand. I. The 1980 outbreak. Am J Epidemiol 120 :653–669.
Thien S, Aung MM, Shwe TN, Aye M, Zaw A, Aye K, Aye KM, Aaskow J, 1997. Risk factors in dengue shock syndrome. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :566–572.
Corwin AL, Larasati RP, Bangs MJ, Wuryadi S, Arjoso S, Sukri N, Listyaningsih E, Hartati S, Namursa R, Anwar Z, Chandra S, Loho B, Ahmad H, Campbell JR, Porter KR, 2001. Epidemic dengue transmission in southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 :257–265.
Guzman MG, Kouri G, Valdes L, Bravo J, Alvarez M, Vazques S, Delgado I, Halstead SB, 2000. Epidemiologic studies on dengue in Santiago de Cuba, 1997. Am J Epidemiol 152 :793–799.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 798 | 621 | 26 |
Full Text Views | 1066 | 6 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 423 | 7 | 0 |