ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
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EndNote
-
1
Arguin PM, Barber A, Kozarsky P, Mali S, Newman R, Parise M, Partridge S, 2003. Malaria. Arguin PM, Navin AW, Kozarsky P, Cetron MS, eds. Health Information for International Travel 2003–2004. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Service, CDC, 99–116.
-
2
Warrell DA, 2002. Clinical features of malaria. Warrell DA, Gilles HM, eds. Essential Malariology. Fourth edition. New York: Edward Arnold, 191–205.
-
3
Rohren EM, Turkington TG, Coleman RE, 2004. Clinical applications of PET in oncology. Radiology 231 :305–332.
-
4
Kumar A, Braum A, Schapiro M, Grady C, Carson R, Herscovitch P, 1992. Cerebral glucose metabolic rates after 30 and 45 minute acquisitions: a comparative study. J Nucl Med 33 :2103–2105.
-
5
Schwaiger M, Hicks R, 1991. The clinical role of metabolic imaging of the heart by positron emission tomography. J Nucl Med 32 :565–578.
-
6
Sugawara Y, Zasadny KR, Kison PV, Baker LH, Wahl RL, 1999. Splenic fluorodeoxyglucose uptake increased by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy: PET imaging results. J Nucl Med 40 :1456–1462.
-
7
Winter FD, Vogelaers D, Gemmel F, Dierckx RA, 2002. Promising role of 18-F-fluoro-D-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in clinical infectious disease. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 21 :247–257.
-
8
Kawabe J, Okamura T, Shakudo M, Koyama K, Wanibuchi H, Sakamoto H, Matsuda M, Kishimoto K, Ochi H, Yamada R, 1999. Two cases of chronic tonsillitis studied by FDG-PET. Ann Nucl Med 13 :277–279.
-
9
Bakheet SM, Powe J, Kandil A, Ezzat A, Rostom A, Amartey J, 2000. F-18 FDG uptake in breast infection and inflammation. Clin Nucl Med 25 :100–103.
-
10
Sugawara Y, Broun DK, Kison PV, Russo JE, Zasadny KR, Wahl RL, 1998. Rapid detection of human infections with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography: preliminary results. Eur J Nucl Med 25 :1238–1243.
-
11
Kawai S, Aikawa M, Kano S, Suzuki M, 1993. A primate model for severe human malaria with cerebral involvement: Plasmodeum coatneyi-infected Macaca fuscata. Am J Trop Med Hyg 48 :630–636.
-
12
Matsumoto J, Kawai S, Terao K, Kirinoki M, Yasutomi Y, Aikawa M, Matsuda H, 2000. Malaria infection induces rapid elevation of the soluble Fas ligand level in serum and subsequent T lymphocytopenia: possible factors responsible for the differences in susceptibility of two species of Macaca monkeys to Plasmodium coatneyi infection. Infect Immun 68 :1183–1188.
-
13
Kawai S, Matsumoto J, Aikawa M, Matsuda H, 2003. Increased plasma levels of soluble intrecellilar adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell molecule-1(sVCAM-1) associated with disease severity in a primate model for severe human malaria: Plasmodium coatneyi-infected Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). J Vet Med Sci 65 :629–631.
-
14
Sugiyama M, Ikeda E, Kawai S, Higuchi T, Zhang H, Khan N, Tomiyoshi K, Inoue T, Yamaguchi H, Katakura K, Endo K, Suzuki M, 2004. Cerebral metabolic reduction in severe malaria: Fluorodeoxyglucose-positoron emission tomography imaging in a primate model of severe human malaria with cerebral involvement. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :542–545.
-
15
Hamacher K, Coenen HH, Stocklin G, 1986. Efficient stereospecific synthesis of no-carrier-added 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose using aminopolyether supported nucleophilic substitution. J Nucl Med 27 :235–238.
-
16
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pober JS, 2003. The major histocompatibility complex. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. Fifth edition. Philadelphia: Saunders, 65–80.
-
17
Vajdy M, Veazey RS, Knight HK, Lackner AA, Neutra MR, 2000. Differential effects of simian immunodeficiency virus infection on immune inductive and effector sites in the rectal mucosa of rhesus macaques. Am J Pathol 161 :969–978.
-
18
Moog F, Bangerter M, Diederichs CG, Guhlmann A, Merkle E, Frickhofen N, Reske SN, 1998. Extranodal malignant lymphoma: detection with FDG PET versus CT. Radiology 206 :475–481.
-
19
Lewis PJ, Salama A, 1994. Uptake of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxy-glucose in sarcoidosis. J Nucl Med 35 :1647–1649.
-
20
Engwerda CR, Beattie L, Amante FH, 2005. The importance of the spleen in malaria. Trends Parasitol 21 :75–80.
-
21
Warrell DA, Turner GD, Francis N, 2002. Pathology and pathophysiology of human malaria. Warrell DA, Gilles HM, eds. Essential Malariology. Fourth edition. New York: Edward Arnold, 191–205.
-
22
Stevenson MM, Kraal G, 1989. Histological changes in the spleen and liver of C57BL/6 and A/J mice during Plasmodium chabaudi AS infection. Exp Molecul Pathol 51 :80–95.
-
23
Gartner LP, Hiatt JL, 2000. Spleen. Color Atlas of Histology. Third edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 190–191.
-
24
Scharko AM, Perlman SB, Hinds PW II, Hanson JM, Uno H, Pauza CD, 1996. Whole body positron emission tomography imaging of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 :6425–6430.
-
25
Ishimori T, Saga T, Mamede M, Kobayashi H, Higashi T, Nakamoto Y, Sato N, Konishi J, 2002. Increased 18F-FDG uptake in a model of inflammation: concanavalin A-mediated lymphocyte activation. J Nucl Med 43 :658–663.
-
26
Shozushima M, Tsutsumi R, Terasaki K, Sato S, Nakamura R, Sakamaki K, 2003. Augmentation effects of lymphocyte activation by antigen-presenting macrophages on FDG uptake. Annal Nucl Med 17 :555–560.
-
27
Kato T, Fukatsu H, Ito K, Tadokoro M, Ota T, Ikeda M, Isomura T, Ito S, Nishino M, Ishigaki T, 1995. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in pancreatic cancer: an unresolved problem. Eur J Nucl Med 22 :32–39.
-
28
Wyler D, Gallin J, 1977. Spleen-derived mononuclear cell chemotactic factor in malaria infections: a possible mechanism for splenic macrophage accumulation. J Immunol 118 :478–484.
-
29
Yamada S, Kubota K, Kubota R, Ido T, Tamahashi N, 1995. High accumulation of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in turpentine-induced inflammatory tissue. J Nucl Med 36 :1301–1306.
-
30
Ogawa M, Ishino S, Mukai T, Asano D, Teramoto N, Watabe H, Kudomi N, Shiomi M, Magata Y, Iida H, Saji H, 2004. 18F-FDG accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques: Immunohistochemical and PET imaging study. J Nucl Med 45 :1245–1250.
-
31
Zolg JW, MacLeod AJ, Scaife JG, 1984. The accumulation of lactic acid and its influence on the growth of Plasmodium falciparum in synchronized cultures. In Vitro 20 :205–215.
-
32
Sherman IW, 1988. Mechanisms of molecular trafficking in malaria. Parasitol 96 :S57–S81.
-
33
Goodman J, Newman MI, Chapman WC, 2003. Splenic function. Greer JP, Foerster J, Lukens JN, Rodgers GM, Paraskevas F, Glader B, eds. Wintrobe’s Clinical Hematology. Vol. 2. Eleventh edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 190–191.
-
34
Kakinuma C, Futamura Y, Kaga N, Shibutani Y, 1999. Plasma cytokine concentrations and splenic changes in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with malaria. Lab Anim Sci 49 :101–104.
-
35
Abildgaad C, Harrison S, Denardo S, 1975. Simian Plasmodium knowlesi malaria: studies of coagulation and pathology. Am J Trop Med Hyg 24 :764–768.
-
36
Maegraith BG, 1973. Malaria. Spencer H, ed. Tropical Pathology. New York: Springer-Verlag, 319–349.
-
37
Zingman BS, Viner BL, 1993. Splenic complications in malaria: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 16 :223–232.
-
38
Helmby H, Jönsson G, Troye-Blomberg M, 2000. Cellular changes and apoptosis in the spleens and peripheral blood of mice infected with blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS. Infect Immun 68 :1485–1490.
-
39
Ohmae H, Kawamoto F, Ishii A, Leafasia J, Kere N, 1991. Detecting splenomegaly by ultrasound. Lancet 338 :826–827.
-
40
Oscherwitz SL, 2003. Chronic malaria with splenic rupture. J Travel Med 10 :64–65.
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ENHANCEMENT OF SPLENIC GLUCOSE METABOLISM DURING ACUTE MALARIAL INFECTION: CORRELATION OF FINDINGS OF FDG-PET IMAGING WITH PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN A PRIMATE MODEL OF SEVERE HUMAN MALARIA
SATORU KAWAI
SATORU KAWAI
Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Nishidai Clinic Diagnostic Imaging Center, Takashimadaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
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EIJI IKEDA
EIJI IKEDA
Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Nishidai Clinic Diagnostic Imaging Center, Takashimadaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
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MUNEHIRO SUGIYAMA
MUNEHIRO SUGIYAMA
Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Nishidai Clinic Diagnostic Imaging Center, Takashimadaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
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JUN MATSUMOTO
JUN MATSUMOTO
Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Nishidai Clinic Diagnostic Imaging Center, Takashimadaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
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TETSUYA HIGUCHI
TETSUYA HIGUCHI
Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Nishidai Clinic Diagnostic Imaging Center, Takashimadaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
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HONG ZHANG
HONG ZHANG
Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Nishidai Clinic Diagnostic Imaging Center, Takashimadaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
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NASIM KHAN
NASIM KHAN
Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Nishidai Clinic Diagnostic Imaging Center, Takashimadaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
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KATSUMI TOMIYOSHI
KATSUMI TOMIYOSHI
Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Nishidai Clinic Diagnostic Imaging Center, Takashimadaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
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TOMIO INOUE
TOMIO INOUE
Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Nishidai Clinic Diagnostic Imaging Center, Takashimadaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
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HARUYASU YAMAGUCHI
HARUYASU YAMAGUCHI
Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Nishidai Clinic Diagnostic Imaging Center, Takashimadaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
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KEN KATAKURA
KEN KATAKURA
Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Nishidai Clinic Diagnostic Imaging Center, Takashimadaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
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KEIGO ENDO
KEIGO ENDO
Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Nishidai Clinic Diagnostic Imaging Center, Takashimadaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
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HAJIME MATSUDA
HAJIME MATSUDA
Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Nishidai Clinic Diagnostic Imaging Center, Takashimadaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
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MAMORU SUZUKI
MAMORU SUZUKI
Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Nishidai Clinic Diagnostic Imaging Center, Takashimadaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
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In the current study, to elucidate the clinical features of severe malaria, we performed whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) of Plasmodium coatneyi–infected acute-phase Japanese macaques. The infected monkeys clearly exhibited increase in splenic FDG uptake indicating marked enhancement of glucose metabolism. The standardized uptake values (SUVs) of the spleen in the infected monkeys were significantly higher than those in the uninfected monkey. At autopsy, splenomegaly was clearly present in all infected monkeys, and histopathologic findings included hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles in white pulp, a large number of activated macrophage, and congestion of parasitized red blood cells (PRBCs) and malaria pigments in red pulp. We suggest that increase in splenic glucose uptake may thus be closely related to activation of splenic clearance system against blood-stage malarial parasites.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
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-
1
Arguin PM, Barber A, Kozarsky P, Mali S, Newman R, Parise M, Partridge S, 2003. Malaria. Arguin PM, Navin AW, Kozarsky P, Cetron MS, eds. Health Information for International Travel 2003–2004. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Service, CDC, 99–116.
-
2
Warrell DA, 2002. Clinical features of malaria. Warrell DA, Gilles HM, eds. Essential Malariology. Fourth edition. New York: Edward Arnold, 191–205.
-
3
Rohren EM, Turkington TG, Coleman RE, 2004. Clinical applications of PET in oncology. Radiology 231 :305–332.
-
4
Kumar A, Braum A, Schapiro M, Grady C, Carson R, Herscovitch P, 1992. Cerebral glucose metabolic rates after 30 and 45 minute acquisitions: a comparative study. J Nucl Med 33 :2103–2105.
-
5
Schwaiger M, Hicks R, 1991. The clinical role of metabolic imaging of the heart by positron emission tomography. J Nucl Med 32 :565–578.
-
6
Sugawara Y, Zasadny KR, Kison PV, Baker LH, Wahl RL, 1999. Splenic fluorodeoxyglucose uptake increased by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy: PET imaging results. J Nucl Med 40 :1456–1462.
-
7
Winter FD, Vogelaers D, Gemmel F, Dierckx RA, 2002. Promising role of 18-F-fluoro-D-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in clinical infectious disease. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 21 :247–257.
-
8
Kawabe J, Okamura T, Shakudo M, Koyama K, Wanibuchi H, Sakamoto H, Matsuda M, Kishimoto K, Ochi H, Yamada R, 1999. Two cases of chronic tonsillitis studied by FDG-PET. Ann Nucl Med 13 :277–279.
-
9
Bakheet SM, Powe J, Kandil A, Ezzat A, Rostom A, Amartey J, 2000. F-18 FDG uptake in breast infection and inflammation. Clin Nucl Med 25 :100–103.
-
10
Sugawara Y, Broun DK, Kison PV, Russo JE, Zasadny KR, Wahl RL, 1998. Rapid detection of human infections with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography: preliminary results. Eur J Nucl Med 25 :1238–1243.
-
11
Kawai S, Aikawa M, Kano S, Suzuki M, 1993. A primate model for severe human malaria with cerebral involvement: Plasmodeum coatneyi-infected Macaca fuscata. Am J Trop Med Hyg 48 :630–636.
-
12
Matsumoto J, Kawai S, Terao K, Kirinoki M, Yasutomi Y, Aikawa M, Matsuda H, 2000. Malaria infection induces rapid elevation of the soluble Fas ligand level in serum and subsequent T lymphocytopenia: possible factors responsible for the differences in susceptibility of two species of Macaca monkeys to Plasmodium coatneyi infection. Infect Immun 68 :1183–1188.
-
13
Kawai S, Matsumoto J, Aikawa M, Matsuda H, 2003. Increased plasma levels of soluble intrecellilar adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell molecule-1(sVCAM-1) associated with disease severity in a primate model for severe human malaria: Plasmodium coatneyi-infected Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). J Vet Med Sci 65 :629–631.
-
14
Sugiyama M, Ikeda E, Kawai S, Higuchi T, Zhang H, Khan N, Tomiyoshi K, Inoue T, Yamaguchi H, Katakura K, Endo K, Suzuki M, 2004. Cerebral metabolic reduction in severe malaria: Fluorodeoxyglucose-positoron emission tomography imaging in a primate model of severe human malaria with cerebral involvement. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :542–545.
-
15
Hamacher K, Coenen HH, Stocklin G, 1986. Efficient stereospecific synthesis of no-carrier-added 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose using aminopolyether supported nucleophilic substitution. J Nucl Med 27 :235–238.
-
16
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pober JS, 2003. The major histocompatibility complex. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. Fifth edition. Philadelphia: Saunders, 65–80.
-
17
Vajdy M, Veazey RS, Knight HK, Lackner AA, Neutra MR, 2000. Differential effects of simian immunodeficiency virus infection on immune inductive and effector sites in the rectal mucosa of rhesus macaques. Am J Pathol 161 :969–978.
-
18
Moog F, Bangerter M, Diederichs CG, Guhlmann A, Merkle E, Frickhofen N, Reske SN, 1998. Extranodal malignant lymphoma: detection with FDG PET versus CT. Radiology 206 :475–481.
-
19
Lewis PJ, Salama A, 1994. Uptake of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxy-glucose in sarcoidosis. J Nucl Med 35 :1647–1649.
-
20
Engwerda CR, Beattie L, Amante FH, 2005. The importance of the spleen in malaria. Trends Parasitol 21 :75–80.
-
21
Warrell DA, Turner GD, Francis N, 2002. Pathology and pathophysiology of human malaria. Warrell DA, Gilles HM, eds. Essential Malariology. Fourth edition. New York: Edward Arnold, 191–205.
-
22
Stevenson MM, Kraal G, 1989. Histological changes in the spleen and liver of C57BL/6 and A/J mice during Plasmodium chabaudi AS infection. Exp Molecul Pathol 51 :80–95.
-
23
Gartner LP, Hiatt JL, 2000. Spleen. Color Atlas of Histology. Third edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 190–191.
-
24
Scharko AM, Perlman SB, Hinds PW II, Hanson JM, Uno H, Pauza CD, 1996. Whole body positron emission tomography imaging of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 :6425–6430.
-
25
Ishimori T, Saga T, Mamede M, Kobayashi H, Higashi T, Nakamoto Y, Sato N, Konishi J, 2002. Increased 18F-FDG uptake in a model of inflammation: concanavalin A-mediated lymphocyte activation. J Nucl Med 43 :658–663.
-
26
Shozushima M, Tsutsumi R, Terasaki K, Sato S, Nakamura R, Sakamaki K, 2003. Augmentation effects of lymphocyte activation by antigen-presenting macrophages on FDG uptake. Annal Nucl Med 17 :555–560.
-
27
Kato T, Fukatsu H, Ito K, Tadokoro M, Ota T, Ikeda M, Isomura T, Ito S, Nishino M, Ishigaki T, 1995. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in pancreatic cancer: an unresolved problem. Eur J Nucl Med 22 :32–39.
-
28
Wyler D, Gallin J, 1977. Spleen-derived mononuclear cell chemotactic factor in malaria infections: a possible mechanism for splenic macrophage accumulation. J Immunol 118 :478–484.
-
29
Yamada S, Kubota K, Kubota R, Ido T, Tamahashi N, 1995. High accumulation of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in turpentine-induced inflammatory tissue. J Nucl Med 36 :1301–1306.
-
30
Ogawa M, Ishino S, Mukai T, Asano D, Teramoto N, Watabe H, Kudomi N, Shiomi M, Magata Y, Iida H, Saji H, 2004. 18F-FDG accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques: Immunohistochemical and PET imaging study. J Nucl Med 45 :1245–1250.
-
31
Zolg JW, MacLeod AJ, Scaife JG, 1984. The accumulation of lactic acid and its influence on the growth of Plasmodium falciparum in synchronized cultures. In Vitro 20 :205–215.
-
32
Sherman IW, 1988. Mechanisms of molecular trafficking in malaria. Parasitol 96 :S57–S81.
-
33
Goodman J, Newman MI, Chapman WC, 2003. Splenic function. Greer JP, Foerster J, Lukens JN, Rodgers GM, Paraskevas F, Glader B, eds. Wintrobe’s Clinical Hematology. Vol. 2. Eleventh edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 190–191.
-
34
Kakinuma C, Futamura Y, Kaga N, Shibutani Y, 1999. Plasma cytokine concentrations and splenic changes in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with malaria. Lab Anim Sci 49 :101–104.
-
35
Abildgaad C, Harrison S, Denardo S, 1975. Simian Plasmodium knowlesi malaria: studies of coagulation and pathology. Am J Trop Med Hyg 24 :764–768.
-
36
Maegraith BG, 1973. Malaria. Spencer H, ed. Tropical Pathology. New York: Springer-Verlag, 319–349.
-
37
Zingman BS, Viner BL, 1993. Splenic complications in malaria: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 16 :223–232.
-
38
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