Author:
ProCite
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Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
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-
1
INDEPTH, 2001. Population and Health in Developing Countries. Volume 1. Population, Health, and Survival at INDEPTH Sites. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: International Development Research Centre.
-
2
Binka FN, Ngom P, Phillips JF, Adazu K, MacLeod BB, 1999. Assessing population dynamics in a rural African society: the Navrongo Demographic Surveillance System. J Biosoc Sci 31 :375–391.
-
3
Armstrong Schellenberg JRM, Abdulla S, Minja H, Nathan R, Mukasa O, Marchant T, Mponda H, Nikumbih N, Lyimo EO, Manchester T, Tanner M, Lengeler C, 1999. KINET: a social marketing programme of treated nets and net treatment for malaria control in Tanzania, with evaluation of child health and long-term survival. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 :225–231.
-
4
Phillips-Howard PA, Nahlen BL, Alaii JA, ter Kuile FO, Gimnig JE, Terlouw DJ, Kachur SP, Hightower AW, Lal AA, Schoute E, Oloo AJ, Hawley WA, 2003. The efficacy of permethrin-treated bednets on child mortality and morbidity in western Kenya. I: development of infrastructure and description of study site. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):3–9.
-
5
Lindblade KA, Eisele TP, Gimnig JE, Alaii JA, Odhiambo F, ter Kuile FO, Hawley WA, Wannemuehler KA, Phillips-Howard PA, Rosen DH, Nahlen BL, Terlouw DJ, Adazu K, Vulule JM, Slutsker L, 2004. Sustainability of reductions in malaria transmission and infant mortality in western Kenya with use of insecticide-treated bednets: 4 to 6 years of follow-up. JAMA 291 :2571–2580.
-
6
Phillips-Howard PA, Nahlen BL, Kolczak MS, Hightower AW, ter Kuile FO, Alaii JA, Gimnig JE, Arudo J, Vulule JM, Odhacha A, Kachur SP, Schoute E, Rosen DH, Sexton JD, Oloo AJ, Hawley WA, 2003. Efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets in the prevention of mortality in young children in an area of high perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):23–29.
-
7
Gimnig JE, Vulule JM, Lo TQ, Kamau L, Kolczak MS, Phillips-Howard PA, Mathenge EM, ter Kuile FO, Nahlen BL, High-tower AW, Hawley WA, 2003. Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on entomologic indices in an area of intense year-round malaria transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):16–22.
-
8
Phillips-Howard PA, Nahlen BL, Wannemuehler KA, Kolczak MS, ter Kuile FO, Gimnig JE, Olson K, Alaii JA, Odhacha A, Vulule JM, Hawley WA, 2003. Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on the incidence of sick child visits to peripheral health facilities. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):38–43.
-
9
Kenya Ministry of Health, 2003. National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Program Annual Report - 2003. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Ministry of Health.
-
10
Hightower AW, Ombok M, Otieno R, Odhiambo R, Oloo AJ, Lal AA, Nahlen BL, Hawley WA, 1998. A geographic information system applied to a malaria field study in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :266–272.
-
11
Wirtz RA, Zavala F, Charoenvit Y, Campbell GH, Burkot TR, Schneider I, Esser KM, Beaudoin RL, Andre RG, 1987. Comparative testing of monoclonal antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites for ELISA development. Bull World Health Organ 65 :39–45.
-
12
Lines JD, Curtis CF, Wilkes TJ, Njumwa KJ, 1991. Monitoring human-biting mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Tanzania with light-traps hung beside mosquito nets. Bull Entomol Res 81 :77–84.
-
13
Population Reference Bureau, 2004. 2004 World Population Data Sheet. Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau.
-
14
UNICEF, 2004. The State of the World’s Children 2005. New York: United Nations.
-
15
Central Bureau of Statistics, (Kenya), Ministry of Health (Kenya), ORC Macro, 2004. Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2003. Calverton, MD: CBS, MOH and ORC Macro.
-
16
McElroy PD, ter Kuile FO, Hightower AW, Hawley WA, Phillips-Howard PA, Oloo AJ, Lal AA, Nahlen BL, 2001. All-cause mortality among young children in western Kenya. VI: The Asembo Bay cohort project. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 (Suppl):18–27.
-
17
Preston SH, Heuveline P, Guillot M, 2001. Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishers.
-
18
Kenya Ministry of Health, 2003. HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: National AIDS and STD Control.
-
19
Vetter KM, Djomand G, Zadi F, Diaby L, Brattegaard K, Timite M, Andoh J, Adou JA, De Cock KM, 1996. Clinical spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus disease in children in a west African city. Project RETRO-CI. Pediatr Infect Dis 15 :438–442.
-
20
Nunn AJ, Mulder DW, Kamali A, Ruberantwari A, Kengeya-Kayondo JF, Whitworth J, 1997. Mortality associated with HIV-1 infection over five years in a rural Ugandan population: cohort study. BMJ 315 :767–771.
-
21
Quigley MA, Armstrong Schellenberg JR, Snow RW, 1996. Algorithms for verbal autopsies: a validation study in Kenyan children. Bull World Health Organ 74 :147–154.
-
22
Beier JC, Killeen GF, Githure JI, 1999. Short report: etomologic inoculation rates and Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence in Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :109–113.
-
23
MacLeod B, Phillips JF, 1998. The Household Registration System. The Population Council, New York, NY.
-
24
de Savigny D, Binka F, 2004. Monitoring future impact on malaria burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 (2 Suppl):224–231.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 52 | 52 | 18 |
| Full Text Views | 484 | 68 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 161 | 21 | 0 |
HEALTH AND DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEILLANCE IN RURAL WESTERN KENYA: A PLATFORM FOR EVALUATING INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY FROM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
KUBAJE ADAZU
KUBAJE ADAZU
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, and Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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KIM A. LINDBLADE
KIM A. LINDBLADE
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, and Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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DANIEL H. ROSEN
DANIEL H. ROSEN
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, and Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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FRANK ODHIAMBO
FRANK ODHIAMBO
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, and Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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PETER OFWARE
PETER OFWARE
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, and Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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JAMES KWACH
JAMES KWACH
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, and Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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ANNA M. VAN EIJK
ANNA M. VAN EIJK
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, and Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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KEVIN M. DECOCK
KEVIN M. DECOCK
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, and Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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PAULI AMORNKUL
PAULI AMORNKUL
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, and Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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DIANA KARANJA
DIANA KARANJA
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, and Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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JOHN M. VULULE
JOHN M. VULULE
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, and Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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LAURENCE SLUTSKER
LAURENCE SLUTSKER
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, and Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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We established a health and demographic surveillance system in a rural area of western Kenya to measure the burden of infectious diseases and evaluate public health interventions. After a baseline census, all 33,990 households were visited every four months. We collected data on educational attainment, socioeconomic status, pediatric outpatient visits, causes of death in children, and malaria transmission. The life expectancy at birth was 38 years, the infant mortality rate was 125 per 1000 live births, and the under-five mortality rate was 227 per 1,000 live births. The increased mortality rate in younger men and women suggests high human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–related mortality in the population. Of 5,879 sick child visits, the most frequent diagnosis was malaria (71.5%). Verbal autopsy results for 661 child deaths (1 month to <12 years) implicated malaria (28.9%) and anemia (19.8%) as the most common causes of death in children. These data will provide a basis for generating further research questions, developing targeted interventions, and evaluating their impact.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
INDEPTH, 2001. Population and Health in Developing Countries. Volume 1. Population, Health, and Survival at INDEPTH Sites. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: International Development Research Centre.
-
2
Binka FN, Ngom P, Phillips JF, Adazu K, MacLeod BB, 1999. Assessing population dynamics in a rural African society: the Navrongo Demographic Surveillance System. J Biosoc Sci 31 :375–391.
-
3
Armstrong Schellenberg JRM, Abdulla S, Minja H, Nathan R, Mukasa O, Marchant T, Mponda H, Nikumbih N, Lyimo EO, Manchester T, Tanner M, Lengeler C, 1999. KINET: a social marketing programme of treated nets and net treatment for malaria control in Tanzania, with evaluation of child health and long-term survival. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 :225–231.
-
4
Phillips-Howard PA, Nahlen BL, Alaii JA, ter Kuile FO, Gimnig JE, Terlouw DJ, Kachur SP, Hightower AW, Lal AA, Schoute E, Oloo AJ, Hawley WA, 2003. The efficacy of permethrin-treated bednets on child mortality and morbidity in western Kenya. I: development of infrastructure and description of study site. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):3–9.
-
5
Lindblade KA, Eisele TP, Gimnig JE, Alaii JA, Odhiambo F, ter Kuile FO, Hawley WA, Wannemuehler KA, Phillips-Howard PA, Rosen DH, Nahlen BL, Terlouw DJ, Adazu K, Vulule JM, Slutsker L, 2004. Sustainability of reductions in malaria transmission and infant mortality in western Kenya with use of insecticide-treated bednets: 4 to 6 years of follow-up. JAMA 291 :2571–2580.
-
6
Phillips-Howard PA, Nahlen BL, Kolczak MS, Hightower AW, ter Kuile FO, Alaii JA, Gimnig JE, Arudo J, Vulule JM, Odhacha A, Kachur SP, Schoute E, Rosen DH, Sexton JD, Oloo AJ, Hawley WA, 2003. Efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets in the prevention of mortality in young children in an area of high perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):23–29.
-
7
Gimnig JE, Vulule JM, Lo TQ, Kamau L, Kolczak MS, Phillips-Howard PA, Mathenge EM, ter Kuile FO, Nahlen BL, High-tower AW, Hawley WA, 2003. Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on entomologic indices in an area of intense year-round malaria transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):16–22.
-
8
Phillips-Howard PA, Nahlen BL, Wannemuehler KA, Kolczak MS, ter Kuile FO, Gimnig JE, Olson K, Alaii JA, Odhacha A, Vulule JM, Hawley WA, 2003. Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on the incidence of sick child visits to peripheral health facilities. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):38–43.
-
9
Kenya Ministry of Health, 2003. National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Program Annual Report - 2003. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Ministry of Health.
-
10
Hightower AW, Ombok M, Otieno R, Odhiambo R, Oloo AJ, Lal AA, Nahlen BL, Hawley WA, 1998. A geographic information system applied to a malaria field study in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :266–272.
-
11
Wirtz RA, Zavala F, Charoenvit Y, Campbell GH, Burkot TR, Schneider I, Esser KM, Beaudoin RL, Andre RG, 1987. Comparative testing of monoclonal antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites for ELISA development. Bull World Health Organ 65 :39–45.
-
12
Lines JD, Curtis CF, Wilkes TJ, Njumwa KJ, 1991. Monitoring human-biting mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Tanzania with light-traps hung beside mosquito nets. Bull Entomol Res 81 :77–84.
-
13
Population Reference Bureau, 2004. 2004 World Population Data Sheet. Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau.
-
14
UNICEF, 2004. The State of the World’s Children 2005. New York: United Nations.
-
15
Central Bureau of Statistics, (Kenya), Ministry of Health (Kenya), ORC Macro, 2004. Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2003. Calverton, MD: CBS, MOH and ORC Macro.
-
16
McElroy PD, ter Kuile FO, Hightower AW, Hawley WA, Phillips-Howard PA, Oloo AJ, Lal AA, Nahlen BL, 2001. All-cause mortality among young children in western Kenya. VI: The Asembo Bay cohort project. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 (Suppl):18–27.
-
17
Preston SH, Heuveline P, Guillot M, 2001. Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishers.
-
18
Kenya Ministry of Health, 2003. HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: National AIDS and STD Control.
-
19
Vetter KM, Djomand G, Zadi F, Diaby L, Brattegaard K, Timite M, Andoh J, Adou JA, De Cock KM, 1996. Clinical spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus disease in children in a west African city. Project RETRO-CI. Pediatr Infect Dis 15 :438–442.
-
20
Nunn AJ, Mulder DW, Kamali A, Ruberantwari A, Kengeya-Kayondo JF, Whitworth J, 1997. Mortality associated with HIV-1 infection over five years in a rural Ugandan population: cohort study. BMJ 315 :767–771.
-
21
Quigley MA, Armstrong Schellenberg JR, Snow RW, 1996. Algorithms for verbal autopsies: a validation study in Kenyan children. Bull World Health Organ 74 :147–154.
-
22
Beier JC, Killeen GF, Githure JI, 1999. Short report: etomologic inoculation rates and Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence in Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :109–113.
-
23
MacLeod B, Phillips JF, 1998. The Household Registration System. The Population Council, New York, NY.
-
24
de Savigny D, Binka F, 2004. Monitoring future impact on malaria burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 (2 Suppl):224–231.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 52 | 52 | 18 |
| Full Text Views | 484 | 68 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 161 | 21 | 0 |