SAFETY AND ELICITATION OF HUMORAL AND CELLULAR RESPONSES IN COLOMBIAN MALARIA-NAIVE VOLUNTEERS BY A PLASMODIUM VIVAX CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN–DERIVED SYNTHETIC VACCINE

SÓCRATES HERRERA Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Clínica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Family Health International, Durham, North Caarolina; Biochemistry Institute, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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ANILZA BONELO Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Clínica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Family Health International, Durham, North Caarolina; Biochemistry Institute, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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BLANCA LILIANA PERLAZA Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Clínica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Family Health International, Durham, North Caarolina; Biochemistry Institute, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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OLGA LUCÍA FERNÁNDEZ Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Clínica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Family Health International, Durham, North Caarolina; Biochemistry Institute, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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LEONARDO VICTORIA Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Clínica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Family Health International, Durham, North Caarolina; Biochemistry Institute, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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ANA MILENA LENIS Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Clínica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Family Health International, Durham, North Caarolina; Biochemistry Institute, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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LILIANA SOTO Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Clínica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Family Health International, Durham, North Caarolina; Biochemistry Institute, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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HUGO HURTADO Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Clínica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Family Health International, Durham, North Caarolina; Biochemistry Institute, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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LINA MARÍA ACUÑA Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Clínica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Family Health International, Durham, North Caarolina; Biochemistry Institute, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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JUAN DIEGO VÉLEZ Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Clínica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Family Health International, Durham, North Caarolina; Biochemistry Institute, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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RICARDO PALACIOS Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Clínica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Family Health International, Durham, North Caarolina; Biochemistry Institute, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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MARIO CHEN-MOK Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Clínica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Family Health International, Durham, North Caarolina; Biochemistry Institute, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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GIAMPIETRO CORRADIN Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Clínica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Family Health International, Durham, North Caarolina; Biochemistry Institute, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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MYRIAM ARÉVALO-HERRERA Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Clínica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Family Health International, Durham, North Caarolina; Biochemistry Institute, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Substantial experimental evidence indicates that the Plasmodium circumsporozoite (CS) protein has great potential as a vaccine candidate. We tested the safety and immunogenicity of vaccines composed of P. vivax CS-derived synthetic peptides. Sixty-nine healthy, malaria-naive volunteers were randomized to receive three injections of placebo or synthetic proteins N, R, or C (10, 30, or 100 μg/dose) in a double-blinded fashion. Vaccines were well tolerated and no serious adverse events were observed. Peptides N and R elicited humoral responses at all doses; peptide C elicicted these responses only at doses of 30 and 100 μg. The N peptide at a dose of 100 μg elicited the greatest antibody response. Antibodies to the three peptides recognized P. vivax sporozoites in an immunofluorescent antibody test. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from most immunized volunteers also produced interferon-γ upon peptide in vitro stimulation. These vaccines appear safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic in malaria-naive volunteers. Further optimization and development of this vaccine is being attempted to conduct phase II clinical trials.

Author Notes

Reprint requests: Sócrates Herrera, Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Carrera 35 No 4A-53, Cali, Colombia.
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