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-
1
Nash D, Mostashari F, Fine A, Miller J, O’Leary D, Murray K, Huang A, Rosenberg A, Greenberg A, Sherman M, Wong S, Layton M, 2001. The outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the New York City area in 1999. N Engl J Med 344 :1807–1814.
-
2
CDC, 2004. West Nile virus activity in the United States (reported as of January 11, 2005). Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/surv&controlCaseCount04_detailed.htm.
-
3
Petersen LR, Marfin AA, 2002. West Nile virus: a primer for the clinician. Ann Intern Med 137 :173–179.
-
4
Granwehr BP, Lillibridge KM, Higgs S, Mason PW, Aronson JF, Campbell GA, Barrett AD, 2004. West Nile virus: where are we now? Lancet Infect Dis 4 :547–556.
-
5
Mateo R, Xiao SY, Guzman H, Lei H, Travassos da Rosa APA, Tesh RB, Increased severity of West Nile virus in immunosuppressed hamsters. (submitted).
-
6
Burke DS, Monath TP, 2001. Flaviviruses. Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Fields Virology. Vol. 1. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1043–1125.
-
7
Xiao SY, Guzman H, Zhang H, Travassos da Rosa APA, Tesh RB, 2001. West Nile virus infection in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus): a model of West Nile encephalitis. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :714–721.
-
8
Morrey JD, Day CW, Julander JG, Olsen AL, Sidwell RW, Cheney CD, Blatt LM, 2004. Modeling hamsters for evaluating West Nile virus therapies. Antiviral Res 63 :41–50.
-
9
Tesh RB, Travassos da Rosa APA, Guzman H, Araujo TP, Xiao SY, 2002. Immunization with heterologous flaviviruses protective against fatal West Nile encephalitis. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :245–251.
-
10
Tesh RB, Arroyo J, Travassos da Rosa APA, Guzman H, Xiao SY, Monath TP, 2002. Efficacy of killed virus vaccine, live attenuated chimeric virus vaccine, and passive immunization for prevention of West Nile virus encephalitis in hamster model. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :1392–1397.
-
11
Tesh RB, Siirin M, Guzman H, Travassos da Rosa APA, Wu XY, Duan T, Lei H, Nunes MR, Xiao SY, 2005. Persistent West Nile virus infection in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus): Studies on its mechanism and possible implications for other flavivirus infections. J Infect Dis 92 :287–295.
-
12
Tonry JH, Xiao SY, Siirin M, Chen HL, Travassos da Rosa APA, Tesh RB, 2005. Persistent shedding of West Nile virus in urine of experimentally infected hamsters. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72 :320–324.
-
13
Sbrana E, Tonry JH, Xiao SY, Travassos da Rosa APA, Higgs S, Tesh RB, 2005. Oral transmission of West Nile virus in a hamster model. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72 :325–329.
-
14
Liu DY, Tesh RB, Travassos da Rosa APA, Peters CJ, Yang ZQ, Guzman H, Xiao SY, 2003. Phylogenetic relationships among members of the genus Phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae) based on partial M segment sequence analyses. J Gen Virol 84 :465–473.
-
15
Lanciotti RS, Roehrig JT, Deubel V, Smith J, Parker M, Steele K, Crise B, Volpe KE, Crabtree MB, Scherret JH, Hall RA, Mackenzie JS, Cropp CB, Panigrahy B, Ostlund E, Schmitt B, Malkinson M, Banet C, Weissman J, Komar N, Savage HM, Stone W, McNamara T, Gubler DJ, 1999. Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States. Science 286 :2333–2337.
-
16
Steele KE, Linn MJ, Schoepp RJ, Komar N, Geisbert TW, Manduca RM, Calle PP, Raphael BL, Clippinger TL, Larsen T, Smith J, Lanciotti RS, Panella NA, McNamara TS, 2000. Pathology of fatal West Nile virus infections in native and exotic birds during the 1999 outbreak in New York City, New York. Vet Pathol 37 :208–224.
-
17
Anderson JF, Vossbrinck CR, Andreadis TG, Iton A, Beckwith WH III, Mayo DR, 2001. A phylogenetic approach to following West Nile virus in Connecticut. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 :12885–12889.
-
18
Huang C, Slater B, Rudd R, Parchuri N, Hull R, Dupuis M, Hindenburg A, 2002. First isolation of West Nile virus from a patient with encephalitis in the United States. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :1367–1371.
-
19
Tonry JH, Brown CB, Cropp CB, Co JKG, Bennett SN, Nerukar VR, Kuberski T, Gubler DJ, 2005. West Nile virus detection in urine. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 1294–1296.
-
20
Guarner J, Shieh WJ, Hunter S, Paddock CD, Morken T, Campbell GL, Marfin AA, Zaki SR, 2004. Clinicopathologic study and laboratory diagnosis of 23 cases with West Nile virus encephalomyelitis. Human Pathol 35 :983–990.
-
21
Pogodina VV, Frolova MP, Malenko GV, Fokina GI, Levina LS, Mamonenko LL, Koreshkova GV, Ralf NM, 1981. Persistence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in monkeys. I. Features of experimental infection. Acta Virol 25 :337–343.
-
22
Pogodina VV, Levina LS, Fokina GI, Koreshkova GV, Malenko GV, Bochkova NG, Rzhakhova OE, 1981. Persistence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in monkeys. III. Phenotypes of the persisting virus. Acta Virol 25 :352–360.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 866 | 759 | 26 |
| Full Text Views | 259 | 12 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 62 | 19 | 0 |
NUCLEOTIDE AND AMINO ACID CHANGES IN WEST NILE VIRUS STRAINS EXHIBITING RENAL TROPISM IN HAMSTERS
XIAOHUA DING
XIAOHUA DING
Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Virus Research Institute, Medical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
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XIAOYAN WU
XIAOYAN WU
Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Virus Research Institute, Medical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
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TAO DUAN
TAO DUAN
Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Virus Research Institute, Medical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
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MARINA SIIRIN
MARINA SIIRIN
Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Virus Research Institute, Medical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
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HILDA GUZMAN
HILDA GUZMAN
Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Virus Research Institute, Medical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
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ZHANQIU YANG
ZHANQIU YANG
Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Virus Research Institute, Medical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
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ROBERT B. TESH
ROBERT B. TESH
Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Virus Research Institute, Medical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
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SHU-YUAN XIAO
SHU-YUAN XIAO
Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Virus Research Institute, Medical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
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Recent studies have shown that West Nile virus (WNV) can induce an asymptomatic persistent infection in the kidneys of experimentally infected hamsters. The chronically infected rodents shed virus in their urine for up to 8 months, despite the disappearance of viremia and the development of high levels of neutralizing antibodies. WNV, like most members of the Japanese encephalitis virus complex (Flavivirus; Flaviviridae), is assumed to be mainly neurotropic; little is known about the genetic basis for its renal tropism. In this study, complete sequence analyses were done to compare four WNV isolates from the urines of persistently infected hamsters with the wild-type parent virus (NY 385-99). Nucleotide changes, ranging from 0.05% to 0.09%, were identified in all of the WNV isolates from urine; most of the changes were in coding regions, causing amino acid substitutions in the E, NS1, NS2B, and NS5 proteins. The genetic changes associated with renal tropism were also accompanied by a loss of virulence for hamsters and a change in plaque morphology.
Author Notes
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-
1
Nash D, Mostashari F, Fine A, Miller J, O’Leary D, Murray K, Huang A, Rosenberg A, Greenberg A, Sherman M, Wong S, Layton M, 2001. The outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the New York City area in 1999. N Engl J Med 344 :1807–1814.
-
2
CDC, 2004. West Nile virus activity in the United States (reported as of January 11, 2005). Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/surv&controlCaseCount04_detailed.htm.
-
3
Petersen LR, Marfin AA, 2002. West Nile virus: a primer for the clinician. Ann Intern Med 137 :173–179.
-
4
Granwehr BP, Lillibridge KM, Higgs S, Mason PW, Aronson JF, Campbell GA, Barrett AD, 2004. West Nile virus: where are we now? Lancet Infect Dis 4 :547–556.
-
5
Mateo R, Xiao SY, Guzman H, Lei H, Travassos da Rosa APA, Tesh RB, Increased severity of West Nile virus in immunosuppressed hamsters. (submitted).
-
6
Burke DS, Monath TP, 2001. Flaviviruses. Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Fields Virology. Vol. 1. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1043–1125.
-
7
Xiao SY, Guzman H, Zhang H, Travassos da Rosa APA, Tesh RB, 2001. West Nile virus infection in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus): a model of West Nile encephalitis. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :714–721.
-
8
Morrey JD, Day CW, Julander JG, Olsen AL, Sidwell RW, Cheney CD, Blatt LM, 2004. Modeling hamsters for evaluating West Nile virus therapies. Antiviral Res 63 :41–50.
-
9
Tesh RB, Travassos da Rosa APA, Guzman H, Araujo TP, Xiao SY, 2002. Immunization with heterologous flaviviruses protective against fatal West Nile encephalitis. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :245–251.
-
10
Tesh RB, Arroyo J, Travassos da Rosa APA, Guzman H, Xiao SY, Monath TP, 2002. Efficacy of killed virus vaccine, live attenuated chimeric virus vaccine, and passive immunization for prevention of West Nile virus encephalitis in hamster model. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :1392–1397.
-
11
Tesh RB, Siirin M, Guzman H, Travassos da Rosa APA, Wu XY, Duan T, Lei H, Nunes MR, Xiao SY, 2005. Persistent West Nile virus infection in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus): Studies on its mechanism and possible implications for other flavivirus infections. J Infect Dis 92 :287–295.
-
12
Tonry JH, Xiao SY, Siirin M, Chen HL, Travassos da Rosa APA, Tesh RB, 2005. Persistent shedding of West Nile virus in urine of experimentally infected hamsters. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72 :320–324.
-
13
Sbrana E, Tonry JH, Xiao SY, Travassos da Rosa APA, Higgs S, Tesh RB, 2005. Oral transmission of West Nile virus in a hamster model. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72 :325–329.
-
14
Liu DY, Tesh RB, Travassos da Rosa APA, Peters CJ, Yang ZQ, Guzman H, Xiao SY, 2003. Phylogenetic relationships among members of the genus Phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae) based on partial M segment sequence analyses. J Gen Virol 84 :465–473.
-
15
Lanciotti RS, Roehrig JT, Deubel V, Smith J, Parker M, Steele K, Crise B, Volpe KE, Crabtree MB, Scherret JH, Hall RA, Mackenzie JS, Cropp CB, Panigrahy B, Ostlund E, Schmitt B, Malkinson M, Banet C, Weissman J, Komar N, Savage HM, Stone W, McNamara T, Gubler DJ, 1999. Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States. Science 286 :2333–2337.
-
16
Steele KE, Linn MJ, Schoepp RJ, Komar N, Geisbert TW, Manduca RM, Calle PP, Raphael BL, Clippinger TL, Larsen T, Smith J, Lanciotti RS, Panella NA, McNamara TS, 2000. Pathology of fatal West Nile virus infections in native and exotic birds during the 1999 outbreak in New York City, New York. Vet Pathol 37 :208–224.
-
17
Anderson JF, Vossbrinck CR, Andreadis TG, Iton A, Beckwith WH III, Mayo DR, 2001. A phylogenetic approach to following West Nile virus in Connecticut. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 :12885–12889.
-
18
Huang C, Slater B, Rudd R, Parchuri N, Hull R, Dupuis M, Hindenburg A, 2002. First isolation of West Nile virus from a patient with encephalitis in the United States. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :1367–1371.
-
19
Tonry JH, Brown CB, Cropp CB, Co JKG, Bennett SN, Nerukar VR, Kuberski T, Gubler DJ, 2005. West Nile virus detection in urine. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 1294–1296.
-
20
Guarner J, Shieh WJ, Hunter S, Paddock CD, Morken T, Campbell GL, Marfin AA, Zaki SR, 2004. Clinicopathologic study and laboratory diagnosis of 23 cases with West Nile virus encephalomyelitis. Human Pathol 35 :983–990.
-
21
Pogodina VV, Frolova MP, Malenko GV, Fokina GI, Levina LS, Mamonenko LL, Koreshkova GV, Ralf NM, 1981. Persistence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in monkeys. I. Features of experimental infection. Acta Virol 25 :337–343.
-
22
Pogodina VV, Levina LS, Fokina GI, Koreshkova GV, Malenko GV, Bochkova NG, Rzhakhova OE, 1981. Persistence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in monkeys. III. Phenotypes of the persisting virus. Acta Virol 25 :352–360.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 866 | 759 | 26 |
| Full Text Views | 259 | 12 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 62 | 19 | 0 |