Coluzzi M, 1984. Heterogeneities of the malaria vectorial system in tropical Africa and their significance in malaria epidemiology and control. Bull World Health Organ 62 :107–113.
Fontenille D, Simard F, 2004. Unraveling complexities in human malaria transmission dynamics in Africa through a comprehensive knowledge of vector populations. Comp Immunol Microbial Infect Dis 27 :357–375.
Harbach RE, 2004. The classification of genus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae): a working hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships. Bull Entomol Res 94 :537–553.
Antonio-Nkondjio C, Awono-Ambene P, Toto JC, Meunier JY, Zabaze-Kemleu S, Nyambam R, Wondji CS, Tchuinkam T, Fontenille D, 2002. High malaria transmission intensity in a village close to Yaounde, the capital city of Cameroon. J Med Entomol 39 :350–355.
Fontenille D, Lochouran L, Diagne N, Sokhna C, Lemasson JJ, Diatta M, Konate L, Faye F, Rogier C, Trape JK, 1997. High annual and seasonal variation in malaria transmission by anophelines and vector species composition in Dielmo, a holoendemic area of Senegal. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :247–253.
Foley DH, Bryan JH, Yeates D, Saul A, 1998. Evolution and systematics of Anopheles: insights from a molecular phylogeny of Australasian mosquitoes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 9 :262–275.
Anthony TG, Harbach RE, Kitching IJ, 1999. Phylogeny of the Pyretophorus Series of Anopheles subgenus Cellia (Diptera: Culicidae). Syst Entomol 24 :193–205.
Sallum MAM, Schultz TR, Wilkerson RC, 2000. Phylogeny of Anophelinae (Diptera Culicidae) based on morphological characters. Ann Entomol Soc Am 93 :745–775.
Krzywinski J, Wilkerson RC, Beasansky NJ, 2001. Evolution of mitochondrial and ribosomal gene sequences in Anophelinae (Diptera: Culicidae): implications for phylogeny reconstruction. Mol Phylogenet Evol 18 :479–487.
Krzywinski J, Wilkerson RC, Beasansky NJ, 2001. Toward understanding Anophelinae (Diptera, Culicidae) phylogeny: insights from nuclear single-copy genes and the weight of evidence. Syst Biol 50 :540–556.
Sallum MAM, Schultz TR, Foster PG, Aonstein K, Wirtz RA, Wilkerson RC, 2002. Phylogeny of anophelinae (Diptera: Culicidae) based on nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Syst Entomol 27 :361–382.
Prakash A, Bhattacharyya DR, Mohapatra PK, Mahanta J, 2004. Role of the prevalent Anopheles species in the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in Assam state, northeastern India. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 98 :559–568.
Cooper RD, Frances SP, 2002. Malaria vectors on Buka and Bougainville islands, Papua New Guinea. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 18 :100–106.
Fryauff DJ, Leksana B, Masbar S, Wiady I, Sismadi P, Susanti AI, Nagesha HS, Syafruddin A, Atmosoedjono S, Bangs MJ, Baird JK, 2002. The drug sensitivity and transmission dynamics of human malaria on Nias Island, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 96 :447–462.
Sahu SS, 1998. Comparative susceptibility of Anopheles subpictus from fresh and brackish water areas to Plasmodium falciparum infection. Acta Trop 70 :1–7.
Sumodan PK, Kumar A, Yadav RS, 2004. Resting behavior and malaria vector incrimination of Anopheles stephensi in Goa, India. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 20 :317–318.
Verandi A, Donnelly MJ, Rowland M, Townson H, 2002. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the mosquito Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). Mol Ecol Notes 2 :488–490.
Fontenille D, Lochouarn L, 1999. The complexity of the malaria vectorial system in Africa. Parassitologia 41 :267–271.
Trung HD, Van Bortel W, Sochantha T, Keokenchanh K, Briet OJT, Coosemans M, 2005. Behavioral heterogeneity of Anopheles species in ecologically different localities in Southeast Asia: a challenge for vector control. Trop Med Int Health 10 :251–262.
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG, 1997. The ClustalX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 24 :4876–4882.
Maddison DR, Maddison WP, 2000. MacClade 4. Analysis of Phylogeny and Character Evolution. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
Posada D, Crandall KA, 1998. ModelTest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14 :817–818.
Swofford DL, 1999. PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (* and Other Methods). Version 4. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
Huelsenbeck JP, Ronquist F, 2001. MrBayes: Bayesian inference of phylogeny. Bioinformatics 17 :754–755.
Gatesy J, O’Grady P, Baker R, 1999. Corroboration among data sets in simultaneous analysis: hidden support for phylogenetic relationships among higher level artiodactyl taxa. Cladistics 15 :271–313.
Goldman N, Anderson JP, Rodrigo AG, 2000. Likelihood-based tests of topologies in phyloegenetics. Syst Biol 49 :652–670.
Shimodaira H, Hasegawa M, 1999. Multiple comparisons of log-likelihoods with applications to phylogenetic tree inference. Mol Biol Evol 16 :1114–1116.
Maddison WP, Maddison DR, 2004. Mesquite: A Modular System for Evolutionary Analysis. Version 1.05. Available from http://mesquiteproject.org
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Malaria kills more than one million people a year, and understanding the historical association between its most notorious causative agent, Plasmodium falciparum, and its mosquito vectors is important in fighting the disease. We present a phylogenetic analysis of a number of species within the mosquito subgenus Cellia based on a selection of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Although some of these relationships have been estimated in other studies, generally few species were included and/or statistical support at many nodes was low. Here we include two additional species of anthropophilic P. falciparum malaria vectors and reanalyze these relationships using a Bayesian method that allows us to simultaneously incorporate different models of evolution. We report data that indicate a paraphyletic relationship between five anthropophilic African mosquito vectors. Such a relationship suggests that these species can serve as independent natural experiments for anopheline immunologic responses to regular, prolonged contact with P. falciparum.
Coluzzi M, 1984. Heterogeneities of the malaria vectorial system in tropical Africa and their significance in malaria epidemiology and control. Bull World Health Organ 62 :107–113.
Fontenille D, Simard F, 2004. Unraveling complexities in human malaria transmission dynamics in Africa through a comprehensive knowledge of vector populations. Comp Immunol Microbial Infect Dis 27 :357–375.
Harbach RE, 2004. The classification of genus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae): a working hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships. Bull Entomol Res 94 :537–553.
Antonio-Nkondjio C, Awono-Ambene P, Toto JC, Meunier JY, Zabaze-Kemleu S, Nyambam R, Wondji CS, Tchuinkam T, Fontenille D, 2002. High malaria transmission intensity in a village close to Yaounde, the capital city of Cameroon. J Med Entomol 39 :350–355.
Fontenille D, Lochouran L, Diagne N, Sokhna C, Lemasson JJ, Diatta M, Konate L, Faye F, Rogier C, Trape JK, 1997. High annual and seasonal variation in malaria transmission by anophelines and vector species composition in Dielmo, a holoendemic area of Senegal. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :247–253.
Foley DH, Bryan JH, Yeates D, Saul A, 1998. Evolution and systematics of Anopheles: insights from a molecular phylogeny of Australasian mosquitoes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 9 :262–275.
Anthony TG, Harbach RE, Kitching IJ, 1999. Phylogeny of the Pyretophorus Series of Anopheles subgenus Cellia (Diptera: Culicidae). Syst Entomol 24 :193–205.
Sallum MAM, Schultz TR, Wilkerson RC, 2000. Phylogeny of Anophelinae (Diptera Culicidae) based on morphological characters. Ann Entomol Soc Am 93 :745–775.
Krzywinski J, Wilkerson RC, Beasansky NJ, 2001. Evolution of mitochondrial and ribosomal gene sequences in Anophelinae (Diptera: Culicidae): implications for phylogeny reconstruction. Mol Phylogenet Evol 18 :479–487.
Krzywinski J, Wilkerson RC, Beasansky NJ, 2001. Toward understanding Anophelinae (Diptera, Culicidae) phylogeny: insights from nuclear single-copy genes and the weight of evidence. Syst Biol 50 :540–556.
Sallum MAM, Schultz TR, Foster PG, Aonstein K, Wirtz RA, Wilkerson RC, 2002. Phylogeny of anophelinae (Diptera: Culicidae) based on nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Syst Entomol 27 :361–382.
Prakash A, Bhattacharyya DR, Mohapatra PK, Mahanta J, 2004. Role of the prevalent Anopheles species in the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in Assam state, northeastern India. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 98 :559–568.
Cooper RD, Frances SP, 2002. Malaria vectors on Buka and Bougainville islands, Papua New Guinea. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 18 :100–106.
Fryauff DJ, Leksana B, Masbar S, Wiady I, Sismadi P, Susanti AI, Nagesha HS, Syafruddin A, Atmosoedjono S, Bangs MJ, Baird JK, 2002. The drug sensitivity and transmission dynamics of human malaria on Nias Island, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 96 :447–462.
Sahu SS, 1998. Comparative susceptibility of Anopheles subpictus from fresh and brackish water areas to Plasmodium falciparum infection. Acta Trop 70 :1–7.
Sumodan PK, Kumar A, Yadav RS, 2004. Resting behavior and malaria vector incrimination of Anopheles stephensi in Goa, India. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 20 :317–318.
Verandi A, Donnelly MJ, Rowland M, Townson H, 2002. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the mosquito Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). Mol Ecol Notes 2 :488–490.
Fontenille D, Lochouarn L, 1999. The complexity of the malaria vectorial system in Africa. Parassitologia 41 :267–271.
Trung HD, Van Bortel W, Sochantha T, Keokenchanh K, Briet OJT, Coosemans M, 2005. Behavioral heterogeneity of Anopheles species in ecologically different localities in Southeast Asia: a challenge for vector control. Trop Med Int Health 10 :251–262.
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG, 1997. The ClustalX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 24 :4876–4882.
Maddison DR, Maddison WP, 2000. MacClade 4. Analysis of Phylogeny and Character Evolution. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
Posada D, Crandall KA, 1998. ModelTest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14 :817–818.
Swofford DL, 1999. PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (* and Other Methods). Version 4. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
Huelsenbeck JP, Ronquist F, 2001. MrBayes: Bayesian inference of phylogeny. Bioinformatics 17 :754–755.
Gatesy J, O’Grady P, Baker R, 1999. Corroboration among data sets in simultaneous analysis: hidden support for phylogenetic relationships among higher level artiodactyl taxa. Cladistics 15 :271–313.
Goldman N, Anderson JP, Rodrigo AG, 2000. Likelihood-based tests of topologies in phyloegenetics. Syst Biol 49 :652–670.
Shimodaira H, Hasegawa M, 1999. Multiple comparisons of log-likelihoods with applications to phylogenetic tree inference. Mol Biol Evol 16 :1114–1116.
Maddison WP, Maddison DR, 2004. Mesquite: A Modular System for Evolutionary Analysis. Version 1.05. Available from http://mesquiteproject.org
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 476 | 409 | 13 |
Full Text Views | 202 | 12 | 2 |
PDF Downloads | 52 | 6 | 0 |