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-
1
Bjorkman A, Phillips-Howard PA, 1990. The epidemiology of drug-resistant malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84 :177–180.
-
2
Gatton ML, Martin LB, Cheng Q, 2004. Evolution of resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48 :2116–2123.
-
3
Roper C, Pearce R, Bredenkamp B, Gumede J, Drakeley C, Mosha F, Chandramohan D, Sharp B, 2003. Antifolate antimalarial resistance in southeast Africa: a population-based analysis. Lancet 361 :1174–1181.
-
4
Winkler S, Brandts C, Wernsdorfer WH, Graninger W, Bienzle U, Kremsner PG, 1994. Drug sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in Gabon. Activity correlations between various antimalarials. Trop Med Parasitol 45 :214–218.
-
5
Roper C, Pearce R, Nair S, Sharp B, Nosten F, Anderson T, 2004. Intercontinental spread of pyrimethamine-resistant malaria. Science 305 :1124.
-
6
Pukrittayakamee S, Supanaranond W, Looareesuwan S, Vanijanonta S, White NJ, 1994. Quinine in severe falciparum malaria: evidence of declining efficacy in Thailand. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :324–327.
-
7
Kremsner PG, Krishna S, 2004. Antimalarial combinations. Lancet 364 :285–294.
-
8
Hien TT, White NJ, 1993. Qinghaosu. Lancet 341 :603–608.
-
9
Adjuik M, Babiker A, Garner P, Olliaro P, Taylor W, White N, 2004. Artesunate combinations for treatment of malaria: meta-analysis. Lancet 363 :9–17.
-
10
Yeung S, Pongtavornpinyo W, Hastings IM, Mills AJ, White NJ, 2004. Antimalarial drug resistance, artemisinin-based combination therapy, and the contribution of modeling to elucidating policy choices. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :179–186.
-
11
Borrmann S, Adegnika AA, Missinou MA, Binder RK, Issifou S, Schindler A, Matsiegui PB, Kun JF, Krishna S, Lell B, Kremsner PG, 2003. Short-course artesunate treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gabon. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47 :901–904.
-
12
Ittarat W, Pickard AL, Rattanasinganchan P, Wilairatana P, Looareesuwan S, Emery K, Low J, Udomsangpetch R, Meshnick SR, 2003. Recrudescence in artesunate-treated patients with falciparum malaria is dependent on parasite burden not on parasite factors. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :147–152.
-
13
Bunnag D, Viravan C, Looareesuwan S, Karbwang J, Harinasuta T, 1991. Double blind randomised clinical trial of two different regimens of oral artesunate in falciparum malaria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 22 :534–538.
-
14
Bunnag D, Viravan C, Looareesuwan S, Karbwang J, Harinasuta T, 1991. Clinical trial of artesunate and artemether on multidrug resistant falciparum malaria in Thailand. A preliminary report. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 22 :380–385.
-
15
Bunnag D, Viravan C, Looareesuwan S, Karbwang J, Harinasuta T, 1991. Double blind randomised clinical trial of oral artesunate at once or twice daily dose in falciparum malaria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 22 :539–543.
-
16
Alin MH, Kihamia CM, Bjorkman A, Bwijo BA, Premji Z, Mtey GJ, Ashton M, 1995. Efficacy of oral and intravenous artesunate in male Tanzanian adults with Plasmodium falciparum malaria and in vitro susceptibility to artemisinin, chloroquine, and mefloquine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53 :639–645.
-
17
Hassan AM, Ashton M, Kihamia CM, Mtey GJ, Bjorkman A, 1996. Multiple dose pharmacokinetics of oral artemisinin and comparison of its efficacy with that of oral artesunate in falciparum malaria patients. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90 :61–65.
-
18
Looareesuwan S, Wilairatana P, Vanijanonta S, Pitisuttithum P, Ratanapong Y, Andrial M, 1997. Monotherapy with sodium artesunate for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Thailand: a comparison of 5- and 7-day regimens. Acta Trop 67 :197–205.
-
19
Price R, van Vugt M, Nosten F, Luxemburger C, Brockman A, Phaipun L, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, White N, 1998. Artesunate versus artemether for the treatment of recrudescent multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :883–888.
-
20
Gomez EA, Jurado MH, Cambon N, 2003. Randomised efficacy and safety study of two 3-day artesunate rectal capsule/mefloquine regimens versus artesunate alone for uncomplicated malaria in Ecuadorian children. Acta Trop 89 :47–53.
-
21
Sylla EH, Lell B, Kun JF, Kremsner PG, 2001. Plasmodium falciparum transmission intensity and infection rates in children in Gabon. Parasitol Res 87 :530–533.
-
22
Sylla EH, Kun JF, Kremsner PG, 2000. Mosquito distribution and entomological inoculation rates in three malaria-endemic areas in Gabon. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 :652–656.
-
23
WHO, 2000. Severe and complicated malaria, 3rd edition. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 (Suppl.1):S1–S90.
-
24
Saiki RK, Gelfand DH, Stoffel S, Scharf SJ, Higuchi R, Horn GT, Mullis KB, Erlich HA, 1988. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 239 :487–491.
-
25
Djimde A, Plowe CV, Diop S, Dicko A, Wellems TE, Doumbo O, 1998. Use of antimalarial drugs in Mali: policy versus reality. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :376–379.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 39 | 39 | 10 |
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5-DAY NONOBSERVED ARTESUNATE MONOTHERAPY FOR TREATING UNCOMPLICATED FALCIPARUM MALARIA IN YOUNG GABONESE CHILDREN
NORBERT G. SCHWARZ
NORBERT G. SCHWARZ
Medical Research Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Parasitology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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SUNNY OYAKHIROME
SUNNY OYAKHIROME
Medical Research Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Parasitology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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MARC PÖTSCHKE
MARC PÖTSCHKE
Medical Research Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Parasitology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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BENJAMIN GLÄSER
BENJAMIN GLÄSER
Medical Research Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Parasitology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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PETER KLEIN KLOUWENBERG
PETER KLEIN KLOUWENBERG
Medical Research Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Parasitology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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HANDAN ALTUN
HANDAN ALTUN
Medical Research Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Parasitology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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AYOLA A. ADEGNIKA
AYOLA A. ADEGNIKA
Medical Research Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Parasitology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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SAADOU ISSIFOU
SAADOU ISSIFOU
Medical Research Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Parasitology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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JÜRGEN F. J. KUN
JÜRGEN F. J. KUN
Medical Research Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Parasitology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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PETER G. KREMSNER
PETER G. KREMSNER
Medical Research Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Parasitology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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MARTIN P. GROBUSCH
MARTIN P. GROBUSCH
Medical Research Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Parasitology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Despite different recommendations from WHO and national authorities, artesunate monotherapy is increasingly used for treating African children with malaria. A 5-day course of oral artesunate (first day: 4 mg/kg body weight, observed intake; and 2 mg/kg body weight on the following days with nonobserved drug intake) yielded a PCR-corrected Day 28 cure rate of 90% (45 of 50 patients; CI 78–97%) in Gabonese children aged between 2 and 18 months. Artesunate was well tolerated, and no severe adverse events were reported.
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-
1
Bjorkman A, Phillips-Howard PA, 1990. The epidemiology of drug-resistant malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84 :177–180.
-
2
Gatton ML, Martin LB, Cheng Q, 2004. Evolution of resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48 :2116–2123.
-
3
Roper C, Pearce R, Bredenkamp B, Gumede J, Drakeley C, Mosha F, Chandramohan D, Sharp B, 2003. Antifolate antimalarial resistance in southeast Africa: a population-based analysis. Lancet 361 :1174–1181.
-
4
Winkler S, Brandts C, Wernsdorfer WH, Graninger W, Bienzle U, Kremsner PG, 1994. Drug sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in Gabon. Activity correlations between various antimalarials. Trop Med Parasitol 45 :214–218.
-
5
Roper C, Pearce R, Nair S, Sharp B, Nosten F, Anderson T, 2004. Intercontinental spread of pyrimethamine-resistant malaria. Science 305 :1124.
-
6
Pukrittayakamee S, Supanaranond W, Looareesuwan S, Vanijanonta S, White NJ, 1994. Quinine in severe falciparum malaria: evidence of declining efficacy in Thailand. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :324–327.
-
7
Kremsner PG, Krishna S, 2004. Antimalarial combinations. Lancet 364 :285–294.
-
8
Hien TT, White NJ, 1993. Qinghaosu. Lancet 341 :603–608.
-
9
Adjuik M, Babiker A, Garner P, Olliaro P, Taylor W, White N, 2004. Artesunate combinations for treatment of malaria: meta-analysis. Lancet 363 :9–17.
-
10
Yeung S, Pongtavornpinyo W, Hastings IM, Mills AJ, White NJ, 2004. Antimalarial drug resistance, artemisinin-based combination therapy, and the contribution of modeling to elucidating policy choices. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :179–186.
-
11
Borrmann S, Adegnika AA, Missinou MA, Binder RK, Issifou S, Schindler A, Matsiegui PB, Kun JF, Krishna S, Lell B, Kremsner PG, 2003. Short-course artesunate treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gabon. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47 :901–904.
-
12
Ittarat W, Pickard AL, Rattanasinganchan P, Wilairatana P, Looareesuwan S, Emery K, Low J, Udomsangpetch R, Meshnick SR, 2003. Recrudescence in artesunate-treated patients with falciparum malaria is dependent on parasite burden not on parasite factors. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :147–152.
-
13
Bunnag D, Viravan C, Looareesuwan S, Karbwang J, Harinasuta T, 1991. Double blind randomised clinical trial of two different regimens of oral artesunate in falciparum malaria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 22 :534–538.
-
14
Bunnag D, Viravan C, Looareesuwan S, Karbwang J, Harinasuta T, 1991. Clinical trial of artesunate and artemether on multidrug resistant falciparum malaria in Thailand. A preliminary report. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 22 :380–385.
-
15
Bunnag D, Viravan C, Looareesuwan S, Karbwang J, Harinasuta T, 1991. Double blind randomised clinical trial of oral artesunate at once or twice daily dose in falciparum malaria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 22 :539–543.
-
16
Alin MH, Kihamia CM, Bjorkman A, Bwijo BA, Premji Z, Mtey GJ, Ashton M, 1995. Efficacy of oral and intravenous artesunate in male Tanzanian adults with Plasmodium falciparum malaria and in vitro susceptibility to artemisinin, chloroquine, and mefloquine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53 :639–645.
-
17
Hassan AM, Ashton M, Kihamia CM, Mtey GJ, Bjorkman A, 1996. Multiple dose pharmacokinetics of oral artemisinin and comparison of its efficacy with that of oral artesunate in falciparum malaria patients. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90 :61–65.
-
18
Looareesuwan S, Wilairatana P, Vanijanonta S, Pitisuttithum P, Ratanapong Y, Andrial M, 1997. Monotherapy with sodium artesunate for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Thailand: a comparison of 5- and 7-day regimens. Acta Trop 67 :197–205.
-
19
Price R, van Vugt M, Nosten F, Luxemburger C, Brockman A, Phaipun L, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, White N, 1998. Artesunate versus artemether for the treatment of recrudescent multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :883–888.
-
20
Gomez EA, Jurado MH, Cambon N, 2003. Randomised efficacy and safety study of two 3-day artesunate rectal capsule/mefloquine regimens versus artesunate alone for uncomplicated malaria in Ecuadorian children. Acta Trop 89 :47–53.
-
21
Sylla EH, Lell B, Kun JF, Kremsner PG, 2001. Plasmodium falciparum transmission intensity and infection rates in children in Gabon. Parasitol Res 87 :530–533.
-
22
Sylla EH, Kun JF, Kremsner PG, 2000. Mosquito distribution and entomological inoculation rates in three malaria-endemic areas in Gabon. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 :652–656.
-
23
WHO, 2000. Severe and complicated malaria, 3rd edition. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 (Suppl.1):S1–S90.
-
24
Saiki RK, Gelfand DH, Stoffel S, Scharf SJ, Higuchi R, Horn GT, Mullis KB, Erlich HA, 1988. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 239 :487–491.
-
25
Djimde A, Plowe CV, Diop S, Dicko A, Wellems TE, Doumbo O, 1998. Use of antimalarial drugs in Mali: policy versus reality. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :376–379.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 39 | 39 | 10 |
| Full Text Views | 272 | 66 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 45 | 18 | 0 |