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RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Mendis K, Sina BJ, Marchesini P, Carter R, 2001. The neglected burden of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 :97–106.
-
2
Cui L, Escalante AA, Imwong M, Snounou G, 2003. The genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax populations. Trends Parasitol 19 :220–226.
-
3
Conway DJ, McBride JS, 1991. Genetic evidence for the importance of interrupted feeding by mosquitoes in the transmission of malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 85 :454–456.
-
4
Burkot TR, Graves PM, Paru R, Lagog M, 1988. Mixed blood feeding by the malaria vectors in the Anopheles punctulatus complex (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 25 :205–213.
-
5
Rosenberg R, Wirtz RA, Schneider I, Burge R, 1990. An estimation of the number of malaria sporozoites ejected by a feeding mosquito. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84 :209–212.
-
6
Bruce MC, Galinski MR, Barnwell JW, Donnelly CA, Walmsley M, Alpers MP, Walliker D, Day KP, 2000. Genetic diversity and dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax populations in multiply infected children with asymptomatic malaria infections in Papua New Guinea. Parasitology 121 :257–272.
-
7
Paul RE, Packer MJ, Walmsley M, Lagog M, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Paru R, Day KP, 1995. Mating patterns in malaria parasite populations of Papua New Guinea. Science 269 :1709–1711.
-
8
Babiker HA, 1998. Unstable malaria in Sudan: the influence of the dry season. Plasmodium falciparum population in the unstable malaria area of eastern Sudan is stable and genetically complex. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92 :585–589.
-
9
Engelbrecht F, Togel E, Beck HP, Enwezor F, Oettli A, Felger I, 2000. Analysis of Plasmodium falciparum infections in a village community in northern Nigeria: determination of msp2 genotypes and parasite-specific IgG responses. Acta Trop 74 :63–71.
-
10
Magesa SM, Mdira KY, Babiker HA, Alifrangis M, Farnert A, Simonsen PE, Bygbjerg IC, Walliker D, Jakobsen PH, 2002. Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum clones infecting children living in a holoendemic area in north-eastern Tanzania. Acta Trop 84 :83–92.
-
11
Babiker HA, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Walliker D, 1999. Genetic structure and dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum infections in the Kilombero region of Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 (Suppl 1):11–14.
-
12
Konate L, Zwetyenga J, Rogier C, Bischoff E, Fontenille D, Tall A, Spiegel A, Trape JF, Mercereau-Puijalon O, 1999. Variation of Plasmodium falciparum msp1 block 2 and msp2 allele prevalence and of infection complexity in two neighbouring Senegalese villages with different transmission conditions. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 (Suppl 1):21–28.
-
13
Owusu-Agyei S, Smith T, Beck HP, Amenga-Etego L, Felger I, 2002. Molecular epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum infections among asymptomatic inhabitants of a holoendemic malarious area in northern Ghana. Trop Med Int Health 7 :421–428.
-
14
Contamin H, Fandeur T, Bonnefoy S, Skouri F, Ntoumi F, Mercereau-Puijalon O, 1995. PCR typing of field isolates of Plasmodium falciparum.J Clin Microbiol 33 :944–951.
-
15
Farnert A, Arez AP, Babiker HA, Beck HP, Benito A, Bjorkman A, Bruce MC, Conway DJ, Day KP, Henning L, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Rubio JM, Snounou G, Walliker D, Zwetyenga J, do Rosario VE, 2001. Genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum infections by PCR: a comparative multicentre study. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 :225–232.
-
16
Suwanabun N, Sattabongkot J, Wirtz RA, Rosenberg R, 1994. The epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein polymorphs in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50 :460–464.
-
17
Cui L, Mascorro CN, Fan Q, Rzomp KA, Khuntirat B, Zhou G, Chen H, Yan G, Sattabongkot J, 2003. Genetic diversity and multiple infections of Plasmodium vivax malaria in western Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :613–619.
-
18
Joshi H, Subbarao SK, Adak T, Nanda N, Ghosh SK, Carter R, Sharma VA, 1997. Genetic structure of Plasmodium vivax isolates in India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :231–235.
-
19
Cole-Tobian J, Cortes A, Baisor M, Kastens W, Xainli J, Bockarie M, Adams J, King C, 2002. Age-acquired immunity to a Plasmodium vivax invasion ligand, the Duffy binding protein. J Infect Dis 186 :531–539.
-
20
Kolakovich KA, Ssengoba A, Wojcik K, Tsuboi T, Al-Yaman F, Alpers M, Adams JH, 1996. Plasmodium vivax: favored gene frequencies of the merozoite surface protein-1 and the multiplicity of infection in a malaria endemic region. Exp Parasitol 83 :11–18.
-
21
McKenzie FE, Jeffery GM, Collins WE, 2002. Plasmodium vivax blood-stage dynamics. J Parasitol 88 :521–535.
-
22
Farnert A, Snounou G, Rooth I, Bjorkman A, 1997. Daily dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum subpopulations in asymptomatic children in a holoendemic area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :538–547.
-
23
Hall TA, 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41 :95–98.
-
24
Bruce MC, Galinski MR, Barnwell JW, Snounou G, Day KP, 1999. Polymorphism at the merozoite surface protein-3alpha locus of Plasmodium vivax: global and local diversity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :518–525.
-
25
VanBuskirk KM, Cole-Tobian JL, Baisor M, Sevova ES, Bockarie M, King CL, Adams JH, 2004. Antigenic drift in the ligand domain of Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein confers resistance to inhibitory antibodies. J Infect Dis 190 :1556–1562.
-
26
Tanabe K, Sakihama N, Farnert A, Rooth I, Bjorkman A, Walliker D, Ranford-Cartwright L, 2002. In vitro recombination during PCR of Plasmodium falciparum DNA: a potential pitfall in molecular population genetic analysis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 122 :211–216.
-
27
Qiu X, Wu L, Huang H, McDonel PE, Palumbo AV, Tiedje JM, Zhou J, 2001. Evaluation of PCR-generated chimeras, mutations, and heteroduplexes with 16S rRNA gene-based cloning. Appl Environ Microbiol 67 :880–887.
-
28
Krotoski WA, 1989. The hypnozoite and malarial relapse. Prog Clin Parasitol 1 :1–19.
-
29
Ntoumi F, Contamin H, Rogier C, Bonnefoy S, Trape, JF, Mercerau-Puijalon O, 1995. Age-dependent carriage of multiple Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen-2 alleles in asymptomatic malaria infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51 :81–88.
-
30
Owusu-Agyei S, Fryauff DJ, Chandramohan D, Koram KA, Binka FN, Nkrumah FK, Utz GC, Hoffman SL, 2002. Characteristics of severe anemia and its association with malaria in young children of the Kassena-Nankana District of northern Ghana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :371–377.
-
31
Imwong M, Pukrittakayamee S, Looareesuwan S, Poirriez J, Pasvol G, White NJ, Snounou G, 2001. Plasmodium vivax: polymerase chain reaction amplification artifacts limit the suitability of pvgam1 as a genetic marker. Exp Parasitol 99 :175–179.
-
32
Cline J, Braman JC, Hogrefe HH, 1996. PCR fidelity of pfu DNA polymerase and other thermostable DNA polymerases. Nucleic Acids Res 24 :3546–3551.
-
33
Jensen MA, Straus N, 1993. Effect of PCR conditions on the formation of heteroduplex and single-stranded DNA products in the amplification of bacterial ribosomal DNA spacer regions. PCR Methods Appl 3 :186–194.
-
34
Carraway M, Marinus MG, 1993. Repair of heteroduplex DNA molecules with multibase loops in Escherichia coli.J Bacteriol 175 :3972–3980.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 430 | 377 | 178 |
| Full Text Views | 289 | 11 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 40 | 11 | 2 |
HIGH COMPLEXITY OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX INFECTIONS IN PAPUA NEW GUINEAN CHILDREN
JENNIFER L. COLE-TOBIAN
JENNIFER L. COLE-TOBIAN
Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
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MOSES BIASOR
MOSES BIASOR
Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
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CHRISTOPHER L. KING
CHRISTOPHER L. KING
Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
Search for other papers by CHRISTOPHER L. KING in
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Although genetically distinct malaria parasites have been shown to simultaneously infect an individual, the total number of unique parasites has not been systematically studied. We examined multiple clones (8–38) from individual blood samples collected from Papua New Guinean children for polymorphisms in the Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein (dbpII) and the merozoite surface protein 3α (msp3α). We found a median of 4 (range = 2–6) and 12 (range = 2–23) unique genotypes based on dbpII and msp3α, respectively, per person at one time point and at least 12–33 unique genotypes per person over a four-month period. Control polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) detected 0–31% of clones with haplotypes that arose from PCR artifacts, indicating that caution must be taken when using PCR-based analysis to examine complex infections. To reduce artifacts from clones, analysis was based on haplotypes unlikely to have been generated by PCR artifacts or had been previously identified. Plasmodium vivax infections can be highly complex in disease-endemic areas, suggesting continual genetic mixing that could have significant implications for the use of antimalarial drugs and malaria vaccines.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Mendis K, Sina BJ, Marchesini P, Carter R, 2001. The neglected burden of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 :97–106.
-
2
Cui L, Escalante AA, Imwong M, Snounou G, 2003. The genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax populations. Trends Parasitol 19 :220–226.
-
3
Conway DJ, McBride JS, 1991. Genetic evidence for the importance of interrupted feeding by mosquitoes in the transmission of malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 85 :454–456.
-
4
Burkot TR, Graves PM, Paru R, Lagog M, 1988. Mixed blood feeding by the malaria vectors in the Anopheles punctulatus complex (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 25 :205–213.
-
5
Rosenberg R, Wirtz RA, Schneider I, Burge R, 1990. An estimation of the number of malaria sporozoites ejected by a feeding mosquito. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84 :209–212.
-
6
Bruce MC, Galinski MR, Barnwell JW, Donnelly CA, Walmsley M, Alpers MP, Walliker D, Day KP, 2000. Genetic diversity and dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax populations in multiply infected children with asymptomatic malaria infections in Papua New Guinea. Parasitology 121 :257–272.
-
7
Paul RE, Packer MJ, Walmsley M, Lagog M, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Paru R, Day KP, 1995. Mating patterns in malaria parasite populations of Papua New Guinea. Science 269 :1709–1711.
-
8
Babiker HA, 1998. Unstable malaria in Sudan: the influence of the dry season. Plasmodium falciparum population in the unstable malaria area of eastern Sudan is stable and genetically complex. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92 :585–589.
-
9
Engelbrecht F, Togel E, Beck HP, Enwezor F, Oettli A, Felger I, 2000. Analysis of Plasmodium falciparum infections in a village community in northern Nigeria: determination of msp2 genotypes and parasite-specific IgG responses. Acta Trop 74 :63–71.
-
10
Magesa SM, Mdira KY, Babiker HA, Alifrangis M, Farnert A, Simonsen PE, Bygbjerg IC, Walliker D, Jakobsen PH, 2002. Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum clones infecting children living in a holoendemic area in north-eastern Tanzania. Acta Trop 84 :83–92.
-
11
Babiker HA, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Walliker D, 1999. Genetic structure and dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum infections in the Kilombero region of Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 (Suppl 1):11–14.
-
12
Konate L, Zwetyenga J, Rogier C, Bischoff E, Fontenille D, Tall A, Spiegel A, Trape JF, Mercereau-Puijalon O, 1999. Variation of Plasmodium falciparum msp1 block 2 and msp2 allele prevalence and of infection complexity in two neighbouring Senegalese villages with different transmission conditions. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 (Suppl 1):21–28.
-
13
Owusu-Agyei S, Smith T, Beck HP, Amenga-Etego L, Felger I, 2002. Molecular epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum infections among asymptomatic inhabitants of a holoendemic malarious area in northern Ghana. Trop Med Int Health 7 :421–428.
-
14
Contamin H, Fandeur T, Bonnefoy S, Skouri F, Ntoumi F, Mercereau-Puijalon O, 1995. PCR typing of field isolates of Plasmodium falciparum.J Clin Microbiol 33 :944–951.
-
15
Farnert A, Arez AP, Babiker HA, Beck HP, Benito A, Bjorkman A, Bruce MC, Conway DJ, Day KP, Henning L, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Rubio JM, Snounou G, Walliker D, Zwetyenga J, do Rosario VE, 2001. Genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum infections by PCR: a comparative multicentre study. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 :225–232.
-
16
Suwanabun N, Sattabongkot J, Wirtz RA, Rosenberg R, 1994. The epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein polymorphs in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50 :460–464.
-
17
Cui L, Mascorro CN, Fan Q, Rzomp KA, Khuntirat B, Zhou G, Chen H, Yan G, Sattabongkot J, 2003. Genetic diversity and multiple infections of Plasmodium vivax malaria in western Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :613–619.
-
18
Joshi H, Subbarao SK, Adak T, Nanda N, Ghosh SK, Carter R, Sharma VA, 1997. Genetic structure of Plasmodium vivax isolates in India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :231–235.
-
19
Cole-Tobian J, Cortes A, Baisor M, Kastens W, Xainli J, Bockarie M, Adams J, King C, 2002. Age-acquired immunity to a Plasmodium vivax invasion ligand, the Duffy binding protein. J Infect Dis 186 :531–539.
-
20
Kolakovich KA, Ssengoba A, Wojcik K, Tsuboi T, Al-Yaman F, Alpers M, Adams JH, 1996. Plasmodium vivax: favored gene frequencies of the merozoite surface protein-1 and the multiplicity of infection in a malaria endemic region. Exp Parasitol 83 :11–18.
-
21
McKenzie FE, Jeffery GM, Collins WE, 2002. Plasmodium vivax blood-stage dynamics. J Parasitol 88 :521–535.
-
22
Farnert A, Snounou G, Rooth I, Bjorkman A, 1997. Daily dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum subpopulations in asymptomatic children in a holoendemic area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :538–547.
-
23
Hall TA, 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41 :95–98.
-
24
Bruce MC, Galinski MR, Barnwell JW, Snounou G, Day KP, 1999. Polymorphism at the merozoite surface protein-3alpha locus of Plasmodium vivax: global and local diversity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :518–525.
-
25
VanBuskirk KM, Cole-Tobian JL, Baisor M, Sevova ES, Bockarie M, King CL, Adams JH, 2004. Antigenic drift in the ligand domain of Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein confers resistance to inhibitory antibodies. J Infect Dis 190 :1556–1562.
-
26
Tanabe K, Sakihama N, Farnert A, Rooth I, Bjorkman A, Walliker D, Ranford-Cartwright L, 2002. In vitro recombination during PCR of Plasmodium falciparum DNA: a potential pitfall in molecular population genetic analysis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 122 :211–216.
-
27
Qiu X, Wu L, Huang H, McDonel PE, Palumbo AV, Tiedje JM, Zhou J, 2001. Evaluation of PCR-generated chimeras, mutations, and heteroduplexes with 16S rRNA gene-based cloning. Appl Environ Microbiol 67 :880–887.
-
28
Krotoski WA, 1989. The hypnozoite and malarial relapse. Prog Clin Parasitol 1 :1–19.
-
29
Ntoumi F, Contamin H, Rogier C, Bonnefoy S, Trape, JF, Mercerau-Puijalon O, 1995. Age-dependent carriage of multiple Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen-2 alleles in asymptomatic malaria infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51 :81–88.
-
30
Owusu-Agyei S, Fryauff DJ, Chandramohan D, Koram KA, Binka FN, Nkrumah FK, Utz GC, Hoffman SL, 2002. Characteristics of severe anemia and its association with malaria in young children of the Kassena-Nankana District of northern Ghana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :371–377.
-
31
Imwong M, Pukrittakayamee S, Looareesuwan S, Poirriez J, Pasvol G, White NJ, Snounou G, 2001. Plasmodium vivax: polymerase chain reaction amplification artifacts limit the suitability of pvgam1 as a genetic marker. Exp Parasitol 99 :175–179.
-
32
Cline J, Braman JC, Hogrefe HH, 1996. PCR fidelity of pfu DNA polymerase and other thermostable DNA polymerases. Nucleic Acids Res 24 :3546–3551.
-
33
Jensen MA, Straus N, 1993. Effect of PCR conditions on the formation of heteroduplex and single-stranded DNA products in the amplification of bacterial ribosomal DNA spacer regions. PCR Methods Appl 3 :186–194.
-
34
Carraway M, Marinus MG, 1993. Repair of heteroduplex DNA molecules with multibase loops in Escherichia coli.J Bacteriol 175 :3972–3980.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 430 | 377 | 178 |
| Full Text Views | 289 | 11 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 40 | 11 | 2 |