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-
1
Ribeiro JMC, Schneider M, Isaias T, Jurberg J, Galvao C, Guimaraes JA, 1998. Role of salivary antihemostatic components in blood feeding by triatomine bugs (Heteroptera). J Med Entomol 35 :599–610.
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2
Titus RG, Ribeiro JMC, 1990. The role of vector saliva in transmission of arthropod-bourne disease. Parasitol Today 6 :157–160.
-
3
James AA, 1994. Molecular and biochemical analyses of the salivary glands of vector mosquitoes. Bull Inst Pasteur 92 :133–150.
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4
Ribeiro JMC, Sarkis JJF, Rossingnol PA, Spielman A, 1984. Salivary apyrase of Aedes aegypti: characterization and secretory fate. Comp Biochem Physiol B 79 :81–86.
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5
Marinotti O, de Brito M, Moleria CK, 1996. Apyrase and α-glucosidase in the salivary glands of Aedes albopictus.Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 113 :675–679.
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6
Valenzuela JG, Chuffe OM, Ribeiro JMC, 1996. Apyrase and anti-platelet activities from the salivary glands of the bed bug Cimex lectularius.Insect Biochem Mol Biol 21 :557–562.
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7
Cupp MS, Cupp EW, Ochoa-A JO, Moulton JK, 1995. Salivary apyrase in New World blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) and its relationship to onchoceriasis vector status. Med Vet Entomol 9 :325–330.
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8
Ribeiro JMC, Endris TM, Endris R, 1991. Saliva of the soft tick, Ornithodoros moubata, contains anti-platelet and apyrase activities. Comp Biochem Physiol A 100 :109–112.
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9
Mans BJ, Gaspar ARMD, Louw AI, Neitz AWH, 1998. Apyrase activity and platelet aggregation inhibitors in the tick Ornithodoros savignyi (Acari: Argasidae). Exp Appl Acarol 22 :353–366.
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10
Ribeiro JMC, Vaughan JA, Azad AF, 1990. Characterization of the salivary apyrase activity of three rodent flea species. Comp Biochem Physiol B 95 :215–219.
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11
Perez de Leon AA, Tabachnick WJ, 1996. Apyrase activity and adenosine diphosphate induced platelet aggregation inhibition by the salivary gland proteins of Culicoides variipennis, the North American vector of bluetongue virus. Vet Parasitol 61 :327–338.
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12
Cupp EW, Cupp MS, 1997. Black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) salivary secretions: importance in vector competence and disease. J Med Entomol 34 :87–94.
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13
Ribeiro JMC, 1989. Vector saliva and its role in parasite transmission. Exp Parasitol 69 :104–106.
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14
Cupp EW, Cupp MS, Ramberg FB, 1994a. Salivary apyrase in African and New World vectors of Plasmodium species and its relationship to malaria transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50 :235–240.
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15
Rossignol PA, Ribeiro JMC, Spielman A, 1984. Increased intra-dermal probing time in sporozoite-infected mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33 :17–20.
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16
Ribeiro JMC, Nussenzveig RH, Tororella G, 1994. Salivary vasodilators of Aedes triseriatus and Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 31 :747–753.
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17
Fiske CH, Subbarrow Y, 1925. The colorimetric determination of phosphorus. J Biol Chem 66 :375–400.
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18
Scott TW, Clark GG, Lorenz LH, Amerasinghe PH, Reiter P, Edman JD, 1993. Detection of multiple blood feeding in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) during a single gonotropic cycle using a histologic technique. J Med Entomol 30 :94–99.
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19
Grimstad PR, 1988. California group virus disease. Monath TP, ed. The Arbovirus: Epidemiology and Ecology. Volume 3. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 99–136.
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20
James AA, Rossignol PA, 1991. Mosquito salivary glands: parasitological and molecular aspects. Parasitol Today 7 :267–271.
-
21
Champagne DE, Nussenzveig RH, Ribeiro JMC, 1995. Purification, partial characterization, and cloning of nitric oxide-carrying heme proteins (nitrophorins) from salivary glands of the blood sucking insect Rhodnius prolixus.J Biol Chem 270 :8691–8695.
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22
Ribeiro JMC, 1987. Role of saliva in blood feeding by arthropods. Annu Rev Entomol 32 :463–478.
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CHARACTERIZATION OF APYRASE-LIKE ACTIVITY IN OCHLEROTATUS TRISERIATUS, OCHLEROTATUS HENDERSONI, AND AEDES AEGYPTI
HILLARY E. RENO
HILLARY E. RENO
Medical Entomology Program, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois
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ROBERT J. NOVAK
ROBERT J. NOVAK
Medical Entomology Program, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois
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The saliva of a blood-feeding insect can facilitate the intake of blood and effect the transmission of a pathogen. Apyrase is a salivary enzyme that inhibits the aggregation of platelets by hydrolyzing the activating molecule ADP. Apyrase also hydrolyzes ATP, which is a signal for neutrophil activation. Investigators have reported that malaria vector species in the Anopheles gambiae species complex and the genus Simulium had more apyrase activity than sibling species that were non-vectors. In this study, salivary gland extracta from sibling species Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Say), vector of LaCrosse virus, and the non-vector Oc. hendersoni Cockerell were examined. Apyrase activity was characterized from both species, but no difference in activities was observed. Differences in days to maximal apyrase activity after eclosion and apyrase levels after a blood meal were detected between Oc. triseriatus and Aedes aegypti L. (Rockefeller strain). These differences indicate that Ae. aegypti may be able to feed sooner and more often than Oc. triseriatus.
Author Notes
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RefWorks
Reference Manager
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-
1
Ribeiro JMC, Schneider M, Isaias T, Jurberg J, Galvao C, Guimaraes JA, 1998. Role of salivary antihemostatic components in blood feeding by triatomine bugs (Heteroptera). J Med Entomol 35 :599–610.
-
2
Titus RG, Ribeiro JMC, 1990. The role of vector saliva in transmission of arthropod-bourne disease. Parasitol Today 6 :157–160.
-
3
James AA, 1994. Molecular and biochemical analyses of the salivary glands of vector mosquitoes. Bull Inst Pasteur 92 :133–150.
-
4
Ribeiro JMC, Sarkis JJF, Rossingnol PA, Spielman A, 1984. Salivary apyrase of Aedes aegypti: characterization and secretory fate. Comp Biochem Physiol B 79 :81–86.
-
5
Marinotti O, de Brito M, Moleria CK, 1996. Apyrase and α-glucosidase in the salivary glands of Aedes albopictus.Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 113 :675–679.
-
6
Valenzuela JG, Chuffe OM, Ribeiro JMC, 1996. Apyrase and anti-platelet activities from the salivary glands of the bed bug Cimex lectularius.Insect Biochem Mol Biol 21 :557–562.
-
7
Cupp MS, Cupp EW, Ochoa-A JO, Moulton JK, 1995. Salivary apyrase in New World blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) and its relationship to onchoceriasis vector status. Med Vet Entomol 9 :325–330.
-
8
Ribeiro JMC, Endris TM, Endris R, 1991. Saliva of the soft tick, Ornithodoros moubata, contains anti-platelet and apyrase activities. Comp Biochem Physiol A 100 :109–112.
-
9
Mans BJ, Gaspar ARMD, Louw AI, Neitz AWH, 1998. Apyrase activity and platelet aggregation inhibitors in the tick Ornithodoros savignyi (Acari: Argasidae). Exp Appl Acarol 22 :353–366.
-
10
Ribeiro JMC, Vaughan JA, Azad AF, 1990. Characterization of the salivary apyrase activity of three rodent flea species. Comp Biochem Physiol B 95 :215–219.
-
11
Perez de Leon AA, Tabachnick WJ, 1996. Apyrase activity and adenosine diphosphate induced platelet aggregation inhibition by the salivary gland proteins of Culicoides variipennis, the North American vector of bluetongue virus. Vet Parasitol 61 :327–338.
-
12
Cupp EW, Cupp MS, 1997. Black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) salivary secretions: importance in vector competence and disease. J Med Entomol 34 :87–94.
-
13
Ribeiro JMC, 1989. Vector saliva and its role in parasite transmission. Exp Parasitol 69 :104–106.
-
14
Cupp EW, Cupp MS, Ramberg FB, 1994a. Salivary apyrase in African and New World vectors of Plasmodium species and its relationship to malaria transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50 :235–240.
-
15
Rossignol PA, Ribeiro JMC, Spielman A, 1984. Increased intra-dermal probing time in sporozoite-infected mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33 :17–20.
-
16
Ribeiro JMC, Nussenzveig RH, Tororella G, 1994. Salivary vasodilators of Aedes triseriatus and Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 31 :747–753.
-
17
Fiske CH, Subbarrow Y, 1925. The colorimetric determination of phosphorus. J Biol Chem 66 :375–400.
-
18
Scott TW, Clark GG, Lorenz LH, Amerasinghe PH, Reiter P, Edman JD, 1993. Detection of multiple blood feeding in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) during a single gonotropic cycle using a histologic technique. J Med Entomol 30 :94–99.
-
19
Grimstad PR, 1988. California group virus disease. Monath TP, ed. The Arbovirus: Epidemiology and Ecology. Volume 3. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 99–136.
-
20
James AA, Rossignol PA, 1991. Mosquito salivary glands: parasitological and molecular aspects. Parasitol Today 7 :267–271.
-
21
Champagne DE, Nussenzveig RH, Ribeiro JMC, 1995. Purification, partial characterization, and cloning of nitric oxide-carrying heme proteins (nitrophorins) from salivary glands of the blood sucking insect Rhodnius prolixus.J Biol Chem 270 :8691–8695.
-
22
Ribeiro JMC, 1987. Role of saliva in blood feeding by arthropods. Annu Rev Entomol 32 :463–478.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 181 | 144 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 286 | 2 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 63 | 2 | 0 |