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-
1
Garcia HH, Gonzalez AE, Evans CAW, Gilman RH, The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 2003. Taenia solium cysticercosis. Lancet 362 :547–556.
-
2
Schantz PM, Wilkins PP, Tsang VCW, 1998. Immigrants, imaging and immunoblots: the emergence of neurocysticercosis as a significant public health problem. Scheld WM, Craig WA, Hughes JM, eds. Emerging Infections 2. Washington: ASM Press, 213–241.
-
3
White AC Jr, 1997. Neurocysticercosis: a major cause of neurological disease worldwide. Clin Infect Dis 24 :101–113.
-
4
Schantz PM, Moore AC, Munoz JL, Hartman BJ, Schaefer JA, Aron AM, Persaud D, Sarti E, Wilson M, Flisser A, 1992. Neurocysticercosis in an Orthodox Jewish community in New York City. N Engl J Med 327 :692–695.
-
5
Moore AC, Lutwick LI, Schantz PM, Pilcher JB, Wilson M, High-tower AW, Chapnick EK, Abter EIM, Grossman JR, Fried JA, Ware DA, Haichou X, Hyon SS, Barbour RL, Antar R, Hakim A, 1995. Seroprevalence of cysticercosis in an Orthodox Jewish community. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53 :439–442.
-
6
Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica, Republica del Peru, 2004. Statistical Compendium. Available at http://www.inei.gob.pe.
-
7
Jafri HS, Torrico F, Noh JC, Bryan RT, Balderrama F, Pilcher JB, Tsang VC, 1998. Application of the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot to filter paper blood spots to estimate seroprevalence of cysticercosis in Bolivia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :313–315.
-
8
Tsang VC, Brand JA, Boyer AE, 1989. An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay and glycoprotein antigens for diagnosing human cysticercosis (Taenia solium). J Infect Dis 159 :50–59.
-
9
Ritchie LS, 1948. An ether sedimentation technique for routine stool examination. Bull US Army Med Dept 8 :326.
-
10
Lumbreras H, Cantella R, Burga R, 1962. Acerca de un proced-imiento de sedimentacion rapida para investigar huevos de Fasciola hepatica en heces. Su evaluacion y uso en el campo. Rev Med Per 31 :167–174.
-
11
Jeri C, Gilman RH, Lescano AG, Mayta H, Ramirez ME, Gonzalez AE, Nazerali R, Garcia HH, 2004. Species diagnosis after treatment for human taeniasis. Lancet 363 :949–950.
-
12
Mayta H, Talley A, Gilman RH, Jimenez J, Verastegui M, Ruiz M, Garcia HH, 2000. Differentiating Taenia solium and Taenia saginata infections by simple hematoxylin-eosin staining and PCR-restriction enzyme analysis. J Clin Microbiol 38 :133–137.
-
13
Schantz PM, 2002. Taenia solium cysticercosis: an overview of global distribution and transmission. Singh G, Prabhakar S, eds. Taenia Solium Cysticercosis. From Basic to Clinical Science. Oxon: CABI Publishing, 63–73.
-
14
Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Gonzalez AE, Verastegui M, Rodriguez S, Gavidia C, Tsang VC, Falcon N, Lescano AG, Moulton LH, Bernal T, Tovar M, and The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 2003. Hyperendemic human and porcine Taenia solium infection in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :268–275.
-
15
Sarti E, Schantz PM, Plancarte A, Wilson M, Gutierrez OI, Aguilera J, Roberts J, Flisser A, 1994. Epidemiological investigation of Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in a rural village of Michoacan state, Mexico. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :49–52.
-
16
Sarti E, Schantz PM, Plancarte A, Wilson M, Gutierrez IO, Lopez AS, Roberts J, Flisser A, 1992. Prevalence and risk factors for Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in humans and pigs in a village in Morelos, Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 46 :677–685.
-
17
Sanchez AL, Lindback J, Schantz PM, Sone M, Sakai H, Medina MT, Ljungstrom I, 1999. A population-based, case-control study of Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 93 :247–258.
-
18
Garcia-Noval J, Moreno E, de Mata F, Soto de Alfaro H, Fletes C, Craig PS, Allan JC, 2001. An epidemiological study of epilepsy and epileptic seizures in two rural Guatemalan communities. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 95 :167–175.
-
19
Garcia HH, Martinez M, Gilman R, Herrera G, Tsang VC, Pilcher JB, Diaz F, Verastegui M, Gallo C, Porras M, Alvarado M, Naranjo J, Miranda E, and The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 1991. Diagnosis of cysticercosis in endemic regions. The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru. Lancet 338 :549–551.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 539 | 516 | 194 |
| Full Text Views | 403 | 4 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 96 | 7 | 0 |
TAENIASIS AND CYSTICERCOSIS IN HOUSEMAIDS WORKING IN AFFLUENT NEIGHBORHOODS IN LIMA, PERU
BRANKO N. HUISA
BRANKO N. HUISA
School of Medicine (BAH, LAM) and Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences (RHG, HHG), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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LUIS A. MENACHO
LUIS A. MENACHO
School of Medicine (BAH, LAM) and Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences (RHG, HHG), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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SILVIA RODRIGUEZ
SILVIA RODRIGUEZ
School of Medicine (BAH, LAM) and Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences (RHG, HHG), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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JAVIER A. BUSTOS
JAVIER A. BUSTOS
School of Medicine (BAH, LAM) and Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences (RHG, HHG), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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ROBERT H. GILMAN
ROBERT H. GILMAN
School of Medicine (BAH, LAM) and Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences (RHG, HHG), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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VICTOR C. W. TSANG
VICTOR C. W. TSANG
School of Medicine (BAH, LAM) and Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences (RHG, HHG), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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ARMANDO E. GONZALEZ
ARMANDO E. GONZALEZ
School of Medicine (BAH, LAM) and Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences (RHG, HHG), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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HECTOR H. GARCÍA
HECTOR H. GARCÍA
School of Medicine (BAH, LAM) and Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences (RHG, HHG), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is endemic in most developing countries, where it is an important cause of epileptic seizures and other neurologic symptoms. In industrialized countries, cysticercosis results from travel or immigration of tapeworm carriers from endemic areas. In both endemic and nonendemic countries, housemaids commonly immigrate from cysticercosis-endemic areas and can transmit the infection if they carry the adult tapeworm. Between July 2001 and July 2002, 1,178 housemaids (961 of them work in the top five most affluent districts of Lima, a metropolis of 8 million inhabitants considered nonendemic for cysticercosis) were evaluated for serum antibodies to Taenia solium and stool microscopy for taeniasis and cysticercosis. The serosurvey revealed a prevalence of cysticercosis-specific antibodies of 14.6% (95% CI 12.6–16.6%), and stool microscopy detected 12 T. solium tapeworm carriers, for a prevalence of taeniasis of 1.2% (95% CI: 0.6–1.8%). A nonrandom sample of 26 seropositive housemaids was examined by brain CT and 50% of them had brain lesions compatible with neurocysticercosis, mainly calcifications. From the families who used a tapeworm-carrier housemaid, cysticercosis antibodies were detected in 6 (23%) of 26 persons who agreed to participate. One seropositive member of the employer families was symptomatic for seizures and had brain calcifications. The prevalence of tapeworm infections in this housemaid group is similar to levels in endemic areas, constituting a source of neurocysticercosis infection.
Author Notes
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-
1
Garcia HH, Gonzalez AE, Evans CAW, Gilman RH, The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 2003. Taenia solium cysticercosis. Lancet 362 :547–556.
-
2
Schantz PM, Wilkins PP, Tsang VCW, 1998. Immigrants, imaging and immunoblots: the emergence of neurocysticercosis as a significant public health problem. Scheld WM, Craig WA, Hughes JM, eds. Emerging Infections 2. Washington: ASM Press, 213–241.
-
3
White AC Jr, 1997. Neurocysticercosis: a major cause of neurological disease worldwide. Clin Infect Dis 24 :101–113.
-
4
Schantz PM, Moore AC, Munoz JL, Hartman BJ, Schaefer JA, Aron AM, Persaud D, Sarti E, Wilson M, Flisser A, 1992. Neurocysticercosis in an Orthodox Jewish community in New York City. N Engl J Med 327 :692–695.
-
5
Moore AC, Lutwick LI, Schantz PM, Pilcher JB, Wilson M, High-tower AW, Chapnick EK, Abter EIM, Grossman JR, Fried JA, Ware DA, Haichou X, Hyon SS, Barbour RL, Antar R, Hakim A, 1995. Seroprevalence of cysticercosis in an Orthodox Jewish community. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53 :439–442.
-
6
Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica, Republica del Peru, 2004. Statistical Compendium. Available at http://www.inei.gob.pe.
-
7
Jafri HS, Torrico F, Noh JC, Bryan RT, Balderrama F, Pilcher JB, Tsang VC, 1998. Application of the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot to filter paper blood spots to estimate seroprevalence of cysticercosis in Bolivia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :313–315.
-
8
Tsang VC, Brand JA, Boyer AE, 1989. An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay and glycoprotein antigens for diagnosing human cysticercosis (Taenia solium). J Infect Dis 159 :50–59.
-
9
Ritchie LS, 1948. An ether sedimentation technique for routine stool examination. Bull US Army Med Dept 8 :326.
-
10
Lumbreras H, Cantella R, Burga R, 1962. Acerca de un proced-imiento de sedimentacion rapida para investigar huevos de Fasciola hepatica en heces. Su evaluacion y uso en el campo. Rev Med Per 31 :167–174.
-
11
Jeri C, Gilman RH, Lescano AG, Mayta H, Ramirez ME, Gonzalez AE, Nazerali R, Garcia HH, 2004. Species diagnosis after treatment for human taeniasis. Lancet 363 :949–950.
-
12
Mayta H, Talley A, Gilman RH, Jimenez J, Verastegui M, Ruiz M, Garcia HH, 2000. Differentiating Taenia solium and Taenia saginata infections by simple hematoxylin-eosin staining and PCR-restriction enzyme analysis. J Clin Microbiol 38 :133–137.
-
13
Schantz PM, 2002. Taenia solium cysticercosis: an overview of global distribution and transmission. Singh G, Prabhakar S, eds. Taenia Solium Cysticercosis. From Basic to Clinical Science. Oxon: CABI Publishing, 63–73.
-
14
Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Gonzalez AE, Verastegui M, Rodriguez S, Gavidia C, Tsang VC, Falcon N, Lescano AG, Moulton LH, Bernal T, Tovar M, and The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 2003. Hyperendemic human and porcine Taenia solium infection in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :268–275.
-
15
Sarti E, Schantz PM, Plancarte A, Wilson M, Gutierrez OI, Aguilera J, Roberts J, Flisser A, 1994. Epidemiological investigation of Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in a rural village of Michoacan state, Mexico. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :49–52.
-
16
Sarti E, Schantz PM, Plancarte A, Wilson M, Gutierrez IO, Lopez AS, Roberts J, Flisser A, 1992. Prevalence and risk factors for Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in humans and pigs in a village in Morelos, Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 46 :677–685.
-
17
Sanchez AL, Lindback J, Schantz PM, Sone M, Sakai H, Medina MT, Ljungstrom I, 1999. A population-based, case-control study of Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 93 :247–258.
-
18
Garcia-Noval J, Moreno E, de Mata F, Soto de Alfaro H, Fletes C, Craig PS, Allan JC, 2001. An epidemiological study of epilepsy and epileptic seizures in two rural Guatemalan communities. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 95 :167–175.
-
19
Garcia HH, Martinez M, Gilman R, Herrera G, Tsang VC, Pilcher JB, Diaz F, Verastegui M, Gallo C, Porras M, Alvarado M, Naranjo J, Miranda E, and The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 1991. Diagnosis of cysticercosis in endemic regions. The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru. Lancet 338 :549–551.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 539 | 516 | 194 |
| Full Text Views | 403 | 4 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 96 | 7 | 0 |