Authors:
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and
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RefWorks
Reference Manager
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-
1
Hoare CA, 1972. The Trypanosomes of Mammals. A Zoological Monograph. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
-
2
Hawking F, 1978. The resistance of Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax and T. evansi to human plasma. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 72 :405–407.
-
3
Truc P, Jamonneau V, N’Guessan P, N’Dri L, Diallo PB, Cuny G, 1998. Trypanosoma brucei spp. and Trypanosoma congolense: mixed human infection in Côte d’Ivoire. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92 :537–538.
-
4
Shrivastava KK, Shrivastava GP, 1974. Two cases of Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) species infection of man in India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 68 :143–144.
-
5
Johnson PD, 1933. A case of infection by Trypanosoma lewisi in a child. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 26 :467–468.
-
6
Oram JF, 2002. Molecular basis of cholesterol homeostasis: lessons from Tangier disease and ABCA1. Trends Mol Med 8 :168–173.
-
7
Tomlinson S, Jansen AM, Koudinov A, Ghiso JA, Choi-Miura NH, Rifkin MR, Ohtaki S, Nussenzweig V, 1995. High-density-lipoprotein-independent killing of Trypanosoma brucei by human serum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 70 :131–138.
-
8
Pathak KML, Singh Y, van Meirvenne N, Kapoor M, 1997. Evaluation of various diagnostic techniques for Trypanosoma evansi infections in naturally infected camels. Vet Parasitol 69 :49–54.
-
9
Verloo D, Magnus E, Büscher P, 2001. General expression of RoTat 1.2 variable antigen type in Trypanosoma evansi isolates from different origin. Vet Parasitol 97 :183–189.
-
10
Lumsden WHR, Kimber CD, Evans DA, Doig SJ, 1979. Trypanosoma brucei: miniature anion-exchange centrifugation technique for detection of low parasitemias; adaptation for field use. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 73 :312–317.
-
11
Lejon V, Legros D, Richer M, Ruiz JA, Jamonneau P, Truc P, Doua F, Djé N, N’Siesi FX, Bisser S, Magnus E, Wouters I, Konings J, Vervoort T, Sultan F, Büscher P, 2002. IgM quantification in the cerebrospinal fluid of sleeping sickness patients by a latex card agglutination test. Trop Med Int Health 7 :685–692.
-
12
Bisser S, Lejon V, Preux PM, Bouteille B, Stanghellini A, Jauberteau MO, Büscher P, Dumas M, 2002. Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and intrathecal immunoglobulins compared to field diagnosis of central nervous system involvement in sleeping sickness. J Neurol Sci 193 :127–135.
-
13
Miézan TW, Meda HA, Doua F, Djè NN, Lejon V, Büscher P, 2000. Single centrifugation of cerebrospinal fluid in a sealed pasteur pipette for simple, rapid and sensitive detection of trypanosomes. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 :293.
-
14
World Health Organization, 1998. Control and surveillance of African trypanosomiasis. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 881 :1–113.
-
15
Desquesnes M, McLaughlin G, Zoungrana G, Davila AM, 2001. Detection and identification of Trypanosoma of African livestock through a single PCR based on internal transcribed spacer 1 of rDNA. Int J Parasitol 31 :610–614.
-
16
Moser DR, Cook GA, Ochs DE, Bailey CP, McKane MR, Donelson JE, 1989. Detection of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei subspecies by DNA amplification using the polymerase chain reaction. Parasitology 99 :57–66.
-
17
Artama WT, Agey MW, Donelson JE, 1992. DNA comparisons of Trypanosoma evansi (Indonesia) and Trypanosoma brucei spp. Parasitology 104 :67–74.
-
18
Njiokou F, Nkinin SW, Grébaut P, Penchenier L, Barnabé C, Tibayrenc M, Herder S, 2004. An isoenzyme survey of Trypanosoma brucei s.l. from the Central African subregion: population structure, taxonomic and epidemiological considerations. Parasitology 128 :645–653.
-
19
Simon F, Souquiere S, Damond F, Kfutwah A, Makuwa M, Leroy E, Rouquet P, Berthier JL, Rigoulet J, Lecu A, Telfer PT, Pandrea I, Plantier JC, Barre-Sinoussi F, Roques P, Muller-Trutwin MC, Apetrei C, 2001. Synthetic peptide strategy for the detection of and discrimination among highly divergent primate lentiviruses. AIDS Res Humn Retroviruses 17 :937–952.
-
20
Gill BS, Malhotra MN, 1963. Prophylactic activity of suramin complexes in surra (Trypanosoma evansi). Nature 200 :285–286.
-
21
Mathis C, Léger M, 1911. Recherches de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Humaines et Animales au Tonkin. Paris: Masson Ed.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1622 | 997 | 169 |
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| PDF Downloads | 611 | 13 | 2 |
HUMAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS CAUSED BY TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI IN INDIA: THE FIRST CASE REPORT
PRASHANT P. JOSHI
PRASHANT P. JOSHI
Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 117 Trypanosomoses Africaines, Montpellier, France; Directorate of Health Services, Mumbay, India; Communicable Diseases Control, Prevention and Eradication, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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VIJAY R. SHEGOKAR
VIJAY R. SHEGOKAR
Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 117 Trypanosomoses Africaines, Montpellier, France; Directorate of Health Services, Mumbay, India; Communicable Diseases Control, Prevention and Eradication, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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RAJARAM M. POWAR
RAJARAM M. POWAR
Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 117 Trypanosomoses Africaines, Montpellier, France; Directorate of Health Services, Mumbay, India; Communicable Diseases Control, Prevention and Eradication, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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STEPHANE HERDER
STEPHANE HERDER
Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 117 Trypanosomoses Africaines, Montpellier, France; Directorate of Health Services, Mumbay, India; Communicable Diseases Control, Prevention and Eradication, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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RAHUL KATTI
RAHUL KATTI
Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 117 Trypanosomoses Africaines, Montpellier, France; Directorate of Health Services, Mumbay, India; Communicable Diseases Control, Prevention and Eradication, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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HARSHA R. SALKAR
HARSHA R. SALKAR
Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 117 Trypanosomoses Africaines, Montpellier, France; Directorate of Health Services, Mumbay, India; Communicable Diseases Control, Prevention and Eradication, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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VIBHAWARI S. DANI
VIBHAWARI S. DANI
Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 117 Trypanosomoses Africaines, Montpellier, France; Directorate of Health Services, Mumbay, India; Communicable Diseases Control, Prevention and Eradication, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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ARADHANA BHARGAVA
ARADHANA BHARGAVA
Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 117 Trypanosomoses Africaines, Montpellier, France; Directorate of Health Services, Mumbay, India; Communicable Diseases Control, Prevention and Eradication, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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JEAN JANNIN
JEAN JANNIN
Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 117 Trypanosomoses Africaines, Montpellier, France; Directorate of Health Services, Mumbay, India; Communicable Diseases Control, Prevention and Eradication, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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PHILIPPE TRUC
PHILIPPE TRUC
Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 117 Trypanosomoses Africaines, Montpellier, France; Directorate of Health Services, Mumbay, India; Communicable Diseases Control, Prevention and Eradication, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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We report an Indian farmer who had fluctuating trypanosome parasitemia associated with febrile episodes for five months. Morphologic examination of the parasites indicated the presence of large numbers of trypanosomes belonging to the species Trypanosoma evansi, which is normally a causative agent of animal trypanosomiasis known as surra. Basic clinical and biologic examinations are described, using several assays, including parasitologic, serologic, and molecular biologic tests, all of which confirmed the infecting species as T. evansi. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid indicated no invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by trypanosomes. Suramin, a drug used exclusively for treatment of early-stage human African trypanosomiasis with no CNS involvement, effected apparent cure in the patient. This is the first case reported of human infection due to Trypanosoma evansi, which was probably caused by transmission of blood from an infected animal.
Author Notes
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-
1
Hoare CA, 1972. The Trypanosomes of Mammals. A Zoological Monograph. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
-
2
Hawking F, 1978. The resistance of Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax and T. evansi to human plasma. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 72 :405–407.
-
3
Truc P, Jamonneau V, N’Guessan P, N’Dri L, Diallo PB, Cuny G, 1998. Trypanosoma brucei spp. and Trypanosoma congolense: mixed human infection in Côte d’Ivoire. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92 :537–538.
-
4
Shrivastava KK, Shrivastava GP, 1974. Two cases of Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) species infection of man in India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 68 :143–144.
-
5
Johnson PD, 1933. A case of infection by Trypanosoma lewisi in a child. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 26 :467–468.
-
6
Oram JF, 2002. Molecular basis of cholesterol homeostasis: lessons from Tangier disease and ABCA1. Trends Mol Med 8 :168–173.
-
7
Tomlinson S, Jansen AM, Koudinov A, Ghiso JA, Choi-Miura NH, Rifkin MR, Ohtaki S, Nussenzweig V, 1995. High-density-lipoprotein-independent killing of Trypanosoma brucei by human serum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 70 :131–138.
-
8
Pathak KML, Singh Y, van Meirvenne N, Kapoor M, 1997. Evaluation of various diagnostic techniques for Trypanosoma evansi infections in naturally infected camels. Vet Parasitol 69 :49–54.
-
9
Verloo D, Magnus E, Büscher P, 2001. General expression of RoTat 1.2 variable antigen type in Trypanosoma evansi isolates from different origin. Vet Parasitol 97 :183–189.
-
10
Lumsden WHR, Kimber CD, Evans DA, Doig SJ, 1979. Trypanosoma brucei: miniature anion-exchange centrifugation technique for detection of low parasitemias; adaptation for field use. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 73 :312–317.
-
11
Lejon V, Legros D, Richer M, Ruiz JA, Jamonneau P, Truc P, Doua F, Djé N, N’Siesi FX, Bisser S, Magnus E, Wouters I, Konings J, Vervoort T, Sultan F, Büscher P, 2002. IgM quantification in the cerebrospinal fluid of sleeping sickness patients by a latex card agglutination test. Trop Med Int Health 7 :685–692.
-
12
Bisser S, Lejon V, Preux PM, Bouteille B, Stanghellini A, Jauberteau MO, Büscher P, Dumas M, 2002. Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and intrathecal immunoglobulins compared to field diagnosis of central nervous system involvement in sleeping sickness. J Neurol Sci 193 :127–135.
-
13
Miézan TW, Meda HA, Doua F, Djè NN, Lejon V, Büscher P, 2000. Single centrifugation of cerebrospinal fluid in a sealed pasteur pipette for simple, rapid and sensitive detection of trypanosomes. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 :293.
-
14
World Health Organization, 1998. Control and surveillance of African trypanosomiasis. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 881 :1–113.
-
15
Desquesnes M, McLaughlin G, Zoungrana G, Davila AM, 2001. Detection and identification of Trypanosoma of African livestock through a single PCR based on internal transcribed spacer 1 of rDNA. Int J Parasitol 31 :610–614.
-
16
Moser DR, Cook GA, Ochs DE, Bailey CP, McKane MR, Donelson JE, 1989. Detection of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei subspecies by DNA amplification using the polymerase chain reaction. Parasitology 99 :57–66.
-
17
Artama WT, Agey MW, Donelson JE, 1992. DNA comparisons of Trypanosoma evansi (Indonesia) and Trypanosoma brucei spp. Parasitology 104 :67–74.
-
18
Njiokou F, Nkinin SW, Grébaut P, Penchenier L, Barnabé C, Tibayrenc M, Herder S, 2004. An isoenzyme survey of Trypanosoma brucei s.l. from the Central African subregion: population structure, taxonomic and epidemiological considerations. Parasitology 128 :645–653.
-
19
Simon F, Souquiere S, Damond F, Kfutwah A, Makuwa M, Leroy E, Rouquet P, Berthier JL, Rigoulet J, Lecu A, Telfer PT, Pandrea I, Plantier JC, Barre-Sinoussi F, Roques P, Muller-Trutwin MC, Apetrei C, 2001. Synthetic peptide strategy for the detection of and discrimination among highly divergent primate lentiviruses. AIDS Res Humn Retroviruses 17 :937–952.
-
20
Gill BS, Malhotra MN, 1963. Prophylactic activity of suramin complexes in surra (Trypanosoma evansi). Nature 200 :285–286.
-
21
Mathis C, Léger M, 1911. Recherches de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Humaines et Animales au Tonkin. Paris: Masson Ed.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1622 | 997 | 169 |
| Full Text Views | 1191 | 13 | 3 |
| PDF Downloads | 611 | 13 | 2 |