COMPARISON OF IgG REACTIVITIES TO PLASMODIUM VIVAX MEROZOITE INVASION ANTIGENS IN A BRAZILIAN AMAZON POPULATION

TUAN M. TRAN Emory Vaccine Center & Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Immunology, Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Rondônia, Brazil; Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

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JOSELI OLIVEIRA-FERREIRA Emory Vaccine Center & Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Immunology, Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Rondônia, Brazil; Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

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ALBERTO MORENO Emory Vaccine Center & Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Immunology, Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Rondônia, Brazil; Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

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FATIMA SANTOS Emory Vaccine Center & Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Immunology, Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Rondônia, Brazil; Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

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SYED S. YAZDANI Emory Vaccine Center & Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Immunology, Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Rondônia, Brazil; Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

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CHETAN E. CHITNIS Emory Vaccine Center & Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Immunology, Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Rondônia, Brazil; Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

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JOHN D. ALTMAN Emory Vaccine Center & Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Immunology, Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Rondônia, Brazil; Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

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ESMERALDA V-S. MEYER Emory Vaccine Center & Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Immunology, Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Rondônia, Brazil; Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

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JOHN W. BARNWELL Emory Vaccine Center & Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Immunology, Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Rondônia, Brazil; Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

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MARY R. GALINSKI Emory Vaccine Center & Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Immunology, Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Rondônia, Brazil; Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

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Naturally acquired antibody reactivity to two major Plasmodium vivax vaccine candidates was investigated in 294 donors from three malaria-endemic communities of Rondônia state, Brazil. Antibody recognition of recombinantly expressed antigens covering five different regions of P. vivax reticulocyte binding protein 1 (PvRBP1) and region II of P. vivax Duffy binding protein (PvDBP-RII) were compared. Positive IgG responses to these antigens were significantly related to the level of malaria exposure in terms of past infections and years of residence in the endemic area when corrected for age. The highest prevalence of anti-PvRBP1 total IgG antibodies corresponded to the amino acid regions denoted PvRBP1431-748 (41%) and PvRBP1733-1407 (47%). Approximately one-fifth of positively responding sera had titers of at least 1:1,600. Total IgG responses to PvDBP-RII were more prevalent (67%), of greater magnitude, and acquired more rapidly than those to individual PvRBP1 antigens. Responses to both PvRBP1 and PvDBP-RII were biased toward the cytophilic subclasses IgG1 and IgG3. These data provide the first insights on acquired antibody responses to PvRBP1 and a comparative view with PvDBP-RII that may prove valuable for understanding protective immune responses to these two vaccine candidates as they are evaluated as components of multitarget blood-stage vaccines.

Author Notes

Reprint requests: Mary R. Galinski, Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, Telephone: 404-727-7214, Fax: 404-727-8199, E-mail: galinski@rmy.emory.edu.
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