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Reference Manager
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-
1
Gradoni L, 1999. Epizootiology of canine leishmaniasis in southern Europe. Killick-Kendrick R, ed. Canine Leishmaniasis: An Update. Hoechst Roussel Vet, Germany, 32–39.
-
2
Slappendel RJ, Ferrer L, 1998. Leishmaniasis. Greene CE, ed. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 450–458.
-
3
Alvar J, Molina R, San Andres M, Tesouro M, Nieto J, Vitutia M, Gonzalez F, San Andres MD, Boggio J, Rodriguez F, Sainz A, Escacena C, 1994. Canine leishmaniasis: Clinical, parasitological and entomological follow-up after chemotherapy. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 88 :371–378.
-
4
Correia da Costa JM, Neogy AB, Vouldoukis I, Sampaio Silva ML, Gentilini M, Monjour L, 1996. Antigenic components of partially purified antigens of Leishmania donovani infantum recognized by sera from dogs with asymptomatic or active visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :511–515.
-
5
Quinell RJ, Courtenay O, Garcez L, Dye C, 1997. The epidemiology of canine leishmaniasis: transmission rates estimated from a cohort study in Amazonian. Brazil Parasitol 115 :143–156.
-
6
Reale S, Maxia L, Vitale F, Glorioso NS, Caracappa S, Vesco G, 1999. Detection of Leishmania infantum in dogs by PCR with lymph node aspirates and blood. J Clin Microbiol 37 :2931–2935.
-
7
Leontides LS, Saridomichelakis MN, Billinis C, Kontos V, Koutinas AF, Galatos AD, Mylonakis ME, 2002. A cross-sectional study of Leishmania spp. infection in clinically healthy dogs with polymerase chain reaction and serology in Greece. Vet Parasitol 109 :19–27.
-
8
Koutinas AF, Saridomichelakis MN, Mylonakis ME, Leontides L, Polizopoulou Z, Billinis C, Argyriadis D, Diakou N, Papadopoulos O, 2001. A randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial with allopurinol in canine leishmaniasis. Vet Parasitol 98 :247–261.
-
9
Minodier P, Piarroux R, Gambarelli F, Joblet C, Dumon H, 1997. Rapid identification of causative species in patients with Old World leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 35 :2551–2555.
-
10
Kwok S, Higuchi R, 1989. Avoiding false positives with PCR. Nature 339 :237–238.
-
11
Tyler RD, Cowell RL, Baldwin CJ, Morton RJ, 1999. Introduction. Cowell RL, Tyler RD, Meinkoth JH, eds. Diagnostic Cytology and Hematology of the Dog and Cat. Second edition. St Louis, MO: Mosby Inc., 1–19.
-
12
Grindem CB, Neel JA, Juopperi TA, 2002. Cytology of bone marrow. Vet Clin North Amer Small Anim Pract 32 :1313–1374.
-
13
Ciaramella P, Corona M, 2003. Canine leishmaniasis: clinical and diagnostic aspects. Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet 25 :358–368.
-
14
Chulay JD, Bryceson ADM, 1983. Quantitation of amastigotes of Leishmania donovani in smears of splenic aspirates from patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 32 :475–479.
-
15
Boelaert M, Rijal S, Regmi S, Singh R, Karki B, Jaquet D, Chappuis F, Campino L, Desjeux P, Le Ray D, Koirala S, van der Stuyft P, 2004. A comparative study of the effectiveness of diagnostic tests for visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :72–77.
-
16
Ozbel Y, Oskam L, Ozensoy S, Turgay N, Alkan MZ, Jaffe CL, Ozcel MA, 2000. A survey on canine leishmaniasis in western Turkey by parasite, DNA and antibody detection assays. Acta Trop 74 :1–6.
-
17
Soto M, Requena JM, Quijada L, Gomez LC, Guzman F, Patarroyo ME, Alonso C, 1996. Characterization of the antigenic determinants of the Leishmania infantum histone H3 recognized by antibodies elicited during canine visceral leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Immunol 106 :454–461.
-
18
Roura X, Sanchez A, Ferrer L, 1999. Diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis by a polymerase chain reaction technique. Vet Rec 144 :262–264.
-
19
Davies CR, Kaye P, Croft SL, Sundar S, 2003. Leishmaniasis: new approaches to disease control. Brit Med J 326 :377–382.
-
20
Piarroux R, Gambarelli F, Dumon H, Fontes M, Dunan S, Mary C, Toga B, Quilici M, 1994. Comparison of PCR with direct examination of bone marrow aspiration, myeloculture, and serology for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompromised patients. J Clin Microbiol 32 :746–749.
-
21
Ferrer L, 1992. Leishmaniasis. Kirk RW, ed. Current Veterinary Therapy XI. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 266–270.
-
22
Alvar J, Canavate C, Gutierrez-Solar B, Jimenez M, Laguna F, Lopez-Velez R, Molina R, Moreno J, 1997. Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: the first 10 years. Clin Microbiol Rev 10 :298–319.
-
23
Cardoso L, Neto F, Sousa JC, Cabral M, 1998. Use of a leishmanin skin test in the detection of canine Leishmania-specific cellular immunity. Vet Parasitol 79 :213–220.
-
24
Moreno J, Nieto J, Chamizo C, Gonzalez F, Blanco F, Barker DC, Alva J, 1999. The immune response and PBMC subsets in canine visceral leishmaniasis before, and after, chemotherapy. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 71 :181–195.
-
25
Riera C, Fisa R, Udina M, Gallego M, Portus M, 2004. Detection of Leishmania infantum cryptic infection in asymptomatic blood donors living in an endemic area (Eivissa, Balearic Islands, Spain) by different diagnostic methods. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 98 :102–110.
-
26
Cabral M, O’Grady J, Alexander J, 1992. Demonstration of Leishmania specific cell mediated and humoral immunity in asymptomatic dogs. Parasite Immunol 14 :531–539.
-
27
Brandonisio O, Panunzio M, Faliero SM, Ceci L, Fasanella A, Puccini V, 1996. Evaluation of polymorphonuclear cell and monocyte functions in Leishmania infantum-infected dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 53 :95–103.
-
28
Vouldoukis I, Drapier JC, Nussler AK, Tselentis Y, Da Silva OA, Gentilini M, Mossalayi DM, Monjour L, Dugas B, 1996. Canine visceral leishmaniasis: successful chemotherapy induces macrophage antileishmanial activity via the L-arginine nitric oxide pathway. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40 :253–256.
-
29
Mylonakis ME, Koutinas AF, Billinis C, Leontides LS, Kontos V, Papadopoulos O, Rallis T, Fytianou A, 2003. Evaluation of cytology in the diagnosis of acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis): a comparison between five methods. Vet Microbiol 91 :197–204.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 39 | 39 | 10 |
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EVALUATION OF LYMPH NODE AND BONE MARROW CYTOLOGY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CANINE LEISHMANIASIS (LEISHMANIA INFANTUM) IN SYMPTOMATIC AND ASYMPTOMATIC DOGS
MANOLIS N. SARIDOMICHELAKIS
MANOLIS N. SARIDOMICHELAKIS
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Animal Health Economics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Department of Veterinary Public Health, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
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MATHIOS E. MYLONAKIS
MATHIOS E. MYLONAKIS
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Animal Health Economics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Department of Veterinary Public Health, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
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LEONIDAS S. LEONTIDES
LEONIDAS S. LEONTIDES
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Animal Health Economics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Department of Veterinary Public Health, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
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ALEXANDER F. KOUTINAS
ALEXANDER F. KOUTINAS
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Animal Health Economics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Department of Veterinary Public Health, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
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CHARALAMBOS BILLINIS
CHARALAMBOS BILLINIS
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Animal Health Economics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Department of Veterinary Public Health, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
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VASSILIOS I. KONTOS
VASSILIOS I. KONTOS
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Animal Health Economics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Department of Veterinary Public Health, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
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The sensitivity and specificity of lymph node and bone marrow smear microscopy for the diagnosis of Leishmania infantum–infected dogs was evaluated in 79 dogs with leishmaniasis (Group A), 52 asymptomatically infected dogs (Group B), and 44 healthy noninfected dogs (Group C). Light microscopy examination included 10 to 1,000 oil immersion fields, and the density of Leishmania amastigotes was scored by a 0 to +6 scale. Using polymerase chain reaction as the gold standard, the specificity of lymph node and bone marrow cytology was 100%, whereas sensitivity ranged from 7.8% to 92.6%, being significantly higher in Group A compared with Group B. The amastigote scores were also significantly higher in Group A compared with Group B. These results indicate that lymph node and bone marrow cytology is a highly sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of canine patent leishmaniasis, whereas its sensitivity is relatively low in asymptomatic infections.
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-
1
Gradoni L, 1999. Epizootiology of canine leishmaniasis in southern Europe. Killick-Kendrick R, ed. Canine Leishmaniasis: An Update. Hoechst Roussel Vet, Germany, 32–39.
-
2
Slappendel RJ, Ferrer L, 1998. Leishmaniasis. Greene CE, ed. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 450–458.
-
3
Alvar J, Molina R, San Andres M, Tesouro M, Nieto J, Vitutia M, Gonzalez F, San Andres MD, Boggio J, Rodriguez F, Sainz A, Escacena C, 1994. Canine leishmaniasis: Clinical, parasitological and entomological follow-up after chemotherapy. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 88 :371–378.
-
4
Correia da Costa JM, Neogy AB, Vouldoukis I, Sampaio Silva ML, Gentilini M, Monjour L, 1996. Antigenic components of partially purified antigens of Leishmania donovani infantum recognized by sera from dogs with asymptomatic or active visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :511–515.
-
5
Quinell RJ, Courtenay O, Garcez L, Dye C, 1997. The epidemiology of canine leishmaniasis: transmission rates estimated from a cohort study in Amazonian. Brazil Parasitol 115 :143–156.
-
6
Reale S, Maxia L, Vitale F, Glorioso NS, Caracappa S, Vesco G, 1999. Detection of Leishmania infantum in dogs by PCR with lymph node aspirates and blood. J Clin Microbiol 37 :2931–2935.
-
7
Leontides LS, Saridomichelakis MN, Billinis C, Kontos V, Koutinas AF, Galatos AD, Mylonakis ME, 2002. A cross-sectional study of Leishmania spp. infection in clinically healthy dogs with polymerase chain reaction and serology in Greece. Vet Parasitol 109 :19–27.
-
8
Koutinas AF, Saridomichelakis MN, Mylonakis ME, Leontides L, Polizopoulou Z, Billinis C, Argyriadis D, Diakou N, Papadopoulos O, 2001. A randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial with allopurinol in canine leishmaniasis. Vet Parasitol 98 :247–261.
-
9
Minodier P, Piarroux R, Gambarelli F, Joblet C, Dumon H, 1997. Rapid identification of causative species in patients with Old World leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 35 :2551–2555.
-
10
Kwok S, Higuchi R, 1989. Avoiding false positives with PCR. Nature 339 :237–238.
-
11
Tyler RD, Cowell RL, Baldwin CJ, Morton RJ, 1999. Introduction. Cowell RL, Tyler RD, Meinkoth JH, eds. Diagnostic Cytology and Hematology of the Dog and Cat. Second edition. St Louis, MO: Mosby Inc., 1–19.
-
12
Grindem CB, Neel JA, Juopperi TA, 2002. Cytology of bone marrow. Vet Clin North Amer Small Anim Pract 32 :1313–1374.
-
13
Ciaramella P, Corona M, 2003. Canine leishmaniasis: clinical and diagnostic aspects. Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet 25 :358–368.
-
14
Chulay JD, Bryceson ADM, 1983. Quantitation of amastigotes of Leishmania donovani in smears of splenic aspirates from patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 32 :475–479.
-
15
Boelaert M, Rijal S, Regmi S, Singh R, Karki B, Jaquet D, Chappuis F, Campino L, Desjeux P, Le Ray D, Koirala S, van der Stuyft P, 2004. A comparative study of the effectiveness of diagnostic tests for visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :72–77.
-
16
Ozbel Y, Oskam L, Ozensoy S, Turgay N, Alkan MZ, Jaffe CL, Ozcel MA, 2000. A survey on canine leishmaniasis in western Turkey by parasite, DNA and antibody detection assays. Acta Trop 74 :1–6.
-
17
Soto M, Requena JM, Quijada L, Gomez LC, Guzman F, Patarroyo ME, Alonso C, 1996. Characterization of the antigenic determinants of the Leishmania infantum histone H3 recognized by antibodies elicited during canine visceral leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Immunol 106 :454–461.
-
18
Roura X, Sanchez A, Ferrer L, 1999. Diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis by a polymerase chain reaction technique. Vet Rec 144 :262–264.
-
19
Davies CR, Kaye P, Croft SL, Sundar S, 2003. Leishmaniasis: new approaches to disease control. Brit Med J 326 :377–382.
-
20
Piarroux R, Gambarelli F, Dumon H, Fontes M, Dunan S, Mary C, Toga B, Quilici M, 1994. Comparison of PCR with direct examination of bone marrow aspiration, myeloculture, and serology for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompromised patients. J Clin Microbiol 32 :746–749.
-
21
Ferrer L, 1992. Leishmaniasis. Kirk RW, ed. Current Veterinary Therapy XI. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 266–270.
-
22
Alvar J, Canavate C, Gutierrez-Solar B, Jimenez M, Laguna F, Lopez-Velez R, Molina R, Moreno J, 1997. Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: the first 10 years. Clin Microbiol Rev 10 :298–319.
-
23
Cardoso L, Neto F, Sousa JC, Cabral M, 1998. Use of a leishmanin skin test in the detection of canine Leishmania-specific cellular immunity. Vet Parasitol 79 :213–220.
-
24
Moreno J, Nieto J, Chamizo C, Gonzalez F, Blanco F, Barker DC, Alva J, 1999. The immune response and PBMC subsets in canine visceral leishmaniasis before, and after, chemotherapy. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 71 :181–195.
-
25
Riera C, Fisa R, Udina M, Gallego M, Portus M, 2004. Detection of Leishmania infantum cryptic infection in asymptomatic blood donors living in an endemic area (Eivissa, Balearic Islands, Spain) by different diagnostic methods. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 98 :102–110.
-
26
Cabral M, O’Grady J, Alexander J, 1992. Demonstration of Leishmania specific cell mediated and humoral immunity in asymptomatic dogs. Parasite Immunol 14 :531–539.
-
27
Brandonisio O, Panunzio M, Faliero SM, Ceci L, Fasanella A, Puccini V, 1996. Evaluation of polymorphonuclear cell and monocyte functions in Leishmania infantum-infected dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 53 :95–103.
-
28
Vouldoukis I, Drapier JC, Nussler AK, Tselentis Y, Da Silva OA, Gentilini M, Mossalayi DM, Monjour L, Dugas B, 1996. Canine visceral leishmaniasis: successful chemotherapy induces macrophage antileishmanial activity via the L-arginine nitric oxide pathway. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40 :253–256.
-
29
Mylonakis ME, Koutinas AF, Billinis C, Leontides LS, Kontos V, Papadopoulos O, Rallis T, Fytianou A, 2003. Evaluation of cytology in the diagnosis of acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis): a comparison between five methods. Vet Microbiol 91 :197–204.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 39 | 39 | 10 |
| Full Text Views | 500 | 105 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 236 | 35 | 0 |