ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Dawson JE, Stallknecht DE, Howerth EW, Warner C, Biggie K, Davidson WR, Lockhart JM, Nettles VF, Olson JG, Childs JE, 1994. Susceptibility of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to infection with Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the etiologic agent of human ehrlichiosis. J Clin Microbiol 32 :2725–2728.
-
2
Dawson JE, Childs JE, Biggie KL, Moore C, Stallknecht D, Shaddock J, Bouseman J, Hofmeister E, Olson JG, 1994. White-tailed deer as a potential reservoir of Ehrlichia spp. J Wildl Dis 30 :162–168.
-
3
Ewing SA, Dawson JE, Kocan AA, Barker RW, Warner CK, Panciera RJ, Fox JC, Kocan KM, Blouin EF, 1995. Experimental transmission of Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) among white-tailed deer by Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 32 :368–374.
-
4
Lockhart JM, Davidson WR, Stallknecht DE, Dawson DE, Howerth EW, 1997. Isolation of Ehrlichia chaffeensis from wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) confirms their role as natural reservoir hosts. J Clin Microbiol 35 :1681–1686.
-
5
Lockhart JM, Davidson WR, Stallknecht DE, Dawson JE, Little SE, 1997. Natural history of Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) in the Piedmont physiographic province of Georgia. J Parasitol 83 :887–894.
-
6
Childs JE, Paddock CD, 2002. The ascendancy of Amblyomma americanum as a vector of pathogens affecting humans in the United States. Annu Rev Entomol 48 :307–337.
-
7
Paddock CD, Childs JE, 2003. Ehrlichia chaffeensis: a prototypical emerging pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 16 :37–64.
-
8
Yabsley MJ, Varela AS, Tate CM, Dugan VG, Stallknecht DE, Little SE, Davidson WR, 2002. Ehrlichia ewingii infection in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Emerg Infect Dis 8 :668–671.
-
9
Yabsley MJ, Dugan VG, Stallknecht DE, Little SE, Lockhart JM, Dawson JE, Davidson WR, 2003. Evaluation of a prototype Ehrlichia chaffeensis surveillance system using white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) as natural sentinels. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 3 :195–207.
-
10
Irving RP, Pinger RR, Vann CN, Olesen JB, Steiner FE, 2000. Distribution of Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaeceae) in Amblyomma americanum in southern Indiana and prevalence of E. chaffeensis–reactive antibodies in white-tailed deer in Indiana and Ohio in 1998. J Med Entomol 37 :595–600.
-
11
Mueller-Anneling L, Gilchrist MJ, Thorne PS, 2000. Ehrlichia chaffeensis antibodies in white-tailed deer, Iowa, 1994 and 1996. Emerg Infect Dis 6 :397–400.
-
12
McQuiston JH, Paddock CD, Holman RC, Childs JE, 1999. Human ehrlichioses in the United States. Emerg Infect Dis 5 :635–642.
-
13
Gardner SL, Holman RC, Krebs JW, Berkelman R, Childs JE, 2003. National surveillance for the human ehrlichioses in the United States, 1997–2001, and proposed methods for evaluation of data quality. Ann N Y Acad Sci 990 :80–89.
-
14
Isaaks EH, Srivastava RM, 1989. An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics. New York: Oxford University Press.
-
15
Rossi RE, Mulla DJ, Journel AG, Franz EH, 1992. Geostatistical tools for modeling and interpreting ecological spatial dependence. Ecol Monogr 62 :277–314.
-
16
Goovaerts P, 1997. Geostatistics for Natural Resources Evaluation. New York: Oxford University Press.
-
17
Kleinschmidt I, Bagayoko M, Clarke GPY, Craig M, Le Sueur D, 2000. A spatial statistical approach to malaria mapping. Int J Epidemiol 29 :355–361.
-
18
Brownstein JS, Holford TR, Fish D, 2003. A climate-based model predicts the spatial distribution of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis in the United States. Environ Health Perspect 111 :1152–1157.
-
19
Guerra M, Walker E, Jones C, Paskewitz S, Cortinas MR, Stancil A, Beck L, Bobo M, Kitron U, 2002. Predicting the risk of Lyme disease: Habitat suitability for Ixodes scapularis in the north central United States. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :289–297.
-
20
Lockhart JM, Davidson WR, Stallknecht DE, Dawson JE, 1996. Site-specific geographic association between Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) infestations and Ehrlichia chaffeensis-reactive (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) antibodies in white-tailed deer. J Med Entomol 33 :153–158.
-
21
Little SE, Stallknecht DE, Lockhart JM, Dawson JE, Davidson WR, 1998. Natural coinfection of a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population with three Ehrlichia spp. J Parasitol 84 :897–901.
-
22
Thornton PE, Running SW, White MA, 1997. Generating surfaces of daily meteorological variables over large regions of complex terrain. J Hydrol 190 :214–251.
-
23
Thornton PE, Hasenauer H, White MA, 2000. Simultaneous estimation of daily solar radiation and humidity from observed temperature and precipitation: an application over complex terrain in Austria. Agric Forest Meterorol 104 :255–271.
-
24
Loveland TR, Reed BC, Brown JF, Ohlen DO, Zhu J, Yang L, Merchant JW, 2000. Development of a Global Land Cover Characteristics Database and IGBP DISCover from 1-km AVHRR Data. Int J Remote Sens 21 :1303–1330.
-
25
Fielding AH, Bell JF, 1997. A review of methods for the assessment of prediction errors in conservation presence/absence models. Environ Conserv 24 :38–49.
-
26
Nagelkerke NJD, 1991. A note on a general definition of the coefficient of determination. Biometrika 78 :691–692.
-
27
Matthews SA, 1990. Epidemiology using a GIS: the need for caution. Comput Environ Urban Sys 14 :213–221.
-
28
Haile DG, Mount GA, 1987. Computer simulation of population dynamics of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 24 :356–369.
-
29
Mount GA, Haile DG, Barnard DR, Daniels E, 1993. New version of LSTSIM for computer simulation of Amblyomma americanum (Acari:Ixodidae) population dynamics. J Med Entomol 30 :843–857.
-
30
Augustin NH, Mugglestone MA, Buckland ST, 1996. An autologistic model for the spatial distribution of wildlife. J Appl Ecol 33 :339–347.
-
31
Fotheringham AS, Brunsdon C, Charlton ME, 2002. Geographically Weighted Regression: The Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley.
-
32
Hair JA, Howell DE, 1970. Lone Star Ticks - Their Biology and Control in Ozark Recreation Areas. Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State University Agriculture Experimental Station Bulletin. B-679.
-
33
Lancaster JL Jr, 1957. Control of the Lone Star Ticks. Fayetteville, AR. Agricultural Experimental Station. College of Agriculture and Horticultural Ecology, University of Arkansas, Representative Series 67.
-
34
Soneshine DE, Atwood EL, Lamb JT, 1966. The ecology of ticks transmitting Rocky Mountain spotted fever in a study area in Virginia. Ann Entomol Soc Am 59 :1234–1262.
-
35
Hooker WA, Bishopp FC, Wood HP, 1912. Some North American Ticks. Washington, DC: United States Bureau of Entomology Bulletin No. 106.
-
36
Robertson AS, Patrick CD, Semtner PJ, Hair JA, 1975. The ecology and behavior of the lone star tick (Acarine:Ixodidae): VI. Response of unfed adults to certain environmental parameters. J Med Entomol 12 :525–529.
-
37
Koch HG, Dunn JC, 1980. Oviposition, egg hatch, and larval survival of the lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum) held at different temperatures and humidities. Southwestern Entomol 5 :169–174.
-
38
Bunnell JE, Price SD, Das A, Shields TM, Glass GE, 2003. Geographic information systems and spatial analysis of adult Ixodes scapularis (Acari:Ixodidae) in the Middle Atlantic Region of the U.S.A. J Med Entomol 40 :570–576.
-
39
Lockhart JM, Davidson WR, Dawson JE, Stallknecht DE, 1995. Temporal association of Amblyomma americanum with the presence of Ehrlichia chaffeensis reactive antibodies in white-tailed deer. J Wildl Dis 31 :119–124.
-
40
Anderson BE, Sims KG, Olson JG, Childs JE, Piesman JF, Happ CM, Maupin GO, Johnson BJ, 1993. Amblyomma americanum: a potential vector of human ehrlichiosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49 :239–244.
-
41
Burket CT, Vann CN, Pinger RR, Chatot CL, Steiner FE, 1998. Minimum infection rate of Ambylomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) by Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) in southern Indiana. J Med Entomol 35 :653–659.
-
42
Ijdo JW, Wu C, Magnarelli LA, Stafford KC 3rd, Anderson JF, Fikrig E, 2000. Detection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis DNA in Amblyomma americanum ticks in Connecticut and Rhode Island. J Clin Microbiol 38 :4655–4656.
-
43
Roland WE, Everett ED, Cyr TL, Hasan SZ, Dommaraju CB, McDonald GA, 1998. Ehrlichia chaffeensis in Missouri ticks. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :641–643.
-
44
Steiert JB, Gilfoy F, 2002. Infection rates of Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis by Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii in Southwest Missouri. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2 :53–60.
-
45
Steiner FE, Pinger RR, Vann CN, 1999. Infection rates of Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) by Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) and prevalence of E. chaffeensis-reactive antibodies in white-tailed deer in southern Indiana, 1997. J Med Entomol 36 :715–719.
-
46
Stromdahl EY, Evans SR, O’Brien JJ, Gutierrez AG, 2001. Prevalence of infection in ticks submitted to the Human Tick Test Kit Program of the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine. J Med Entomol 38 :67–74.
-
47
Whitlock JE, Fang QQ, Durden LA, Oliver JH Jr, 2000. Prevalence of Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) from the Georgia coast and Barrier Islands. J Med Entomol 37 :276–280.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 987 | 909 | 382 |
| Full Text Views | 281 | 8 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 79 | 7 | 0 |
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF EHRLICHIA CHAFFEENSIS, CAUSATIVE AGENT OF HUMAN MONOCYTOTROPIC EHRLICHIOSIS, ACROSS A MULTI-STATE REGION
MICHAEL J. YABSLEY
MICHAEL J. YABSLEY
Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, D. B. Warnell School of Forest Resources, and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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MICHAEL C. WIMBERLY
MICHAEL C. WIMBERLY
Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, D. B. Warnell School of Forest Resources, and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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DAVID E. STALLKNECHT
DAVID E. STALLKNECHT
Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, D. B. Warnell School of Forest Resources, and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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SUSAN E. LITTLE
SUSAN E. LITTLE
Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, D. B. Warnell School of Forest Resources, and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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WILLIAM R. DAVIDSON
WILLIAM R. DAVIDSON
Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, D. B. Warnell School of Forest Resources, and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Ehrlichia chaffeensis, which causes human monocytotrophic ehrlichiosis (HME), is an important emerging tick-borne pathogen in the southeastern and southcentral United States. The endemnicity probability of E. chaffeensis and, by implication, locations with risk for HME, was predicted by using two modeling methods. This is first large-scale study to use geospatial analyses to estimate the distribution of E. chaffeensis, and it was conducted using data from a prototypic surveillance system that used white-tailed deer as natural sentinels. Analyses included the E. chaffeensis serostatus for 563 counties from 18 states. Both kriging and logistic regression models provided very reliable portrayals of E. chaffeensis occurrence and predicted that E. chaffeensis distribution had good concordance with human case data. The integration of a deer surveillance system with geospatial analyses was useful in developing HME risk maps that will be useful for identifying high-risk areas for public health interventions such as prevention and control efforts.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Dawson JE, Stallknecht DE, Howerth EW, Warner C, Biggie K, Davidson WR, Lockhart JM, Nettles VF, Olson JG, Childs JE, 1994. Susceptibility of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to infection with Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the etiologic agent of human ehrlichiosis. J Clin Microbiol 32 :2725–2728.
-
2
Dawson JE, Childs JE, Biggie KL, Moore C, Stallknecht D, Shaddock J, Bouseman J, Hofmeister E, Olson JG, 1994. White-tailed deer as a potential reservoir of Ehrlichia spp. J Wildl Dis 30 :162–168.
-
3
Ewing SA, Dawson JE, Kocan AA, Barker RW, Warner CK, Panciera RJ, Fox JC, Kocan KM, Blouin EF, 1995. Experimental transmission of Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) among white-tailed deer by Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 32 :368–374.
-
4
Lockhart JM, Davidson WR, Stallknecht DE, Dawson DE, Howerth EW, 1997. Isolation of Ehrlichia chaffeensis from wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) confirms their role as natural reservoir hosts. J Clin Microbiol 35 :1681–1686.
-
5
Lockhart JM, Davidson WR, Stallknecht DE, Dawson JE, Little SE, 1997. Natural history of Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) in the Piedmont physiographic province of Georgia. J Parasitol 83 :887–894.
-
6
Childs JE, Paddock CD, 2002. The ascendancy of Amblyomma americanum as a vector of pathogens affecting humans in the United States. Annu Rev Entomol 48 :307–337.
-
7
Paddock CD, Childs JE, 2003. Ehrlichia chaffeensis: a prototypical emerging pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 16 :37–64.
-
8
Yabsley MJ, Varela AS, Tate CM, Dugan VG, Stallknecht DE, Little SE, Davidson WR, 2002. Ehrlichia ewingii infection in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Emerg Infect Dis 8 :668–671.
-
9
Yabsley MJ, Dugan VG, Stallknecht DE, Little SE, Lockhart JM, Dawson JE, Davidson WR, 2003. Evaluation of a prototype Ehrlichia chaffeensis surveillance system using white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) as natural sentinels. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 3 :195–207.
-
10
Irving RP, Pinger RR, Vann CN, Olesen JB, Steiner FE, 2000. Distribution of Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaeceae) in Amblyomma americanum in southern Indiana and prevalence of E. chaffeensis–reactive antibodies in white-tailed deer in Indiana and Ohio in 1998. J Med Entomol 37 :595–600.
-
11
Mueller-Anneling L, Gilchrist MJ, Thorne PS, 2000. Ehrlichia chaffeensis antibodies in white-tailed deer, Iowa, 1994 and 1996. Emerg Infect Dis 6 :397–400.
-
12
McQuiston JH, Paddock CD, Holman RC, Childs JE, 1999. Human ehrlichioses in the United States. Emerg Infect Dis 5 :635–642.
-
13
Gardner SL, Holman RC, Krebs JW, Berkelman R, Childs JE, 2003. National surveillance for the human ehrlichioses in the United States, 1997–2001, and proposed methods for evaluation of data quality. Ann N Y Acad Sci 990 :80–89.
-
14
Isaaks EH, Srivastava RM, 1989. An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics. New York: Oxford University Press.
-
15
Rossi RE, Mulla DJ, Journel AG, Franz EH, 1992. Geostatistical tools for modeling and interpreting ecological spatial dependence. Ecol Monogr 62 :277–314.
-
16
Goovaerts P, 1997. Geostatistics for Natural Resources Evaluation. New York: Oxford University Press.
-
17
Kleinschmidt I, Bagayoko M, Clarke GPY, Craig M, Le Sueur D, 2000. A spatial statistical approach to malaria mapping. Int J Epidemiol 29 :355–361.
-
18
Brownstein JS, Holford TR, Fish D, 2003. A climate-based model predicts the spatial distribution of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis in the United States. Environ Health Perspect 111 :1152–1157.
-
19
Guerra M, Walker E, Jones C, Paskewitz S, Cortinas MR, Stancil A, Beck L, Bobo M, Kitron U, 2002. Predicting the risk of Lyme disease: Habitat suitability for Ixodes scapularis in the north central United States. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :289–297.
-
20
Lockhart JM, Davidson WR, Stallknecht DE, Dawson JE, 1996. Site-specific geographic association between Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) infestations and Ehrlichia chaffeensis-reactive (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) antibodies in white-tailed deer. J Med Entomol 33 :153–158.
-
21
Little SE, Stallknecht DE, Lockhart JM, Dawson JE, Davidson WR, 1998. Natural coinfection of a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population with three Ehrlichia spp. J Parasitol 84 :897–901.
-
22
Thornton PE, Running SW, White MA, 1997. Generating surfaces of daily meteorological variables over large regions of complex terrain. J Hydrol 190 :214–251.
-
23
Thornton PE, Hasenauer H, White MA, 2000. Simultaneous estimation of daily solar radiation and humidity from observed temperature and precipitation: an application over complex terrain in Austria. Agric Forest Meterorol 104 :255–271.
-
24
Loveland TR, Reed BC, Brown JF, Ohlen DO, Zhu J, Yang L, Merchant JW, 2000. Development of a Global Land Cover Characteristics Database and IGBP DISCover from 1-km AVHRR Data. Int J Remote Sens 21 :1303–1330.
-
25
Fielding AH, Bell JF, 1997. A review of methods for the assessment of prediction errors in conservation presence/absence models. Environ Conserv 24 :38–49.
-
26
Nagelkerke NJD, 1991. A note on a general definition of the coefficient of determination. Biometrika 78 :691–692.
-
27
Matthews SA, 1990. Epidemiology using a GIS: the need for caution. Comput Environ Urban Sys 14 :213–221.
-
28
Haile DG, Mount GA, 1987. Computer simulation of population dynamics of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 24 :356–369.
-
29
Mount GA, Haile DG, Barnard DR, Daniels E, 1993. New version of LSTSIM for computer simulation of Amblyomma americanum (Acari:Ixodidae) population dynamics. J Med Entomol 30 :843–857.
-
30
Augustin NH, Mugglestone MA, Buckland ST, 1996. An autologistic model for the spatial distribution of wildlife. J Appl Ecol 33 :339–347.
-
31
Fotheringham AS, Brunsdon C, Charlton ME, 2002. Geographically Weighted Regression: The Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley.
-
32
Hair JA, Howell DE, 1970. Lone Star Ticks - Their Biology and Control in Ozark Recreation Areas. Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State University Agriculture Experimental Station Bulletin. B-679.
-
33
Lancaster JL Jr, 1957. Control of the Lone Star Ticks. Fayetteville, AR. Agricultural Experimental Station. College of Agriculture and Horticultural Ecology, University of Arkansas, Representative Series 67.
-
34
Soneshine DE, Atwood EL, Lamb JT, 1966. The ecology of ticks transmitting Rocky Mountain spotted fever in a study area in Virginia. Ann Entomol Soc Am 59 :1234–1262.
-
35
Hooker WA, Bishopp FC, Wood HP, 1912. Some North American Ticks. Washington, DC: United States Bureau of Entomology Bulletin No. 106.
-
36
Robertson AS, Patrick CD, Semtner PJ, Hair JA, 1975. The ecology and behavior of the lone star tick (Acarine:Ixodidae): VI. Response of unfed adults to certain environmental parameters. J Med Entomol 12 :525–529.
-
37
Koch HG, Dunn JC, 1980. Oviposition, egg hatch, and larval survival of the lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum) held at different temperatures and humidities. Southwestern Entomol 5 :169–174.
-
38
Bunnell JE, Price SD, Das A, Shields TM, Glass GE, 2003. Geographic information systems and spatial analysis of adult Ixodes scapularis (Acari:Ixodidae) in the Middle Atlantic Region of the U.S.A. J Med Entomol 40 :570–576.
-
39
Lockhart JM, Davidson WR, Dawson JE, Stallknecht DE, 1995. Temporal association of Amblyomma americanum with the presence of Ehrlichia chaffeensis reactive antibodies in white-tailed deer. J Wildl Dis 31 :119–124.
-
40
Anderson BE, Sims KG, Olson JG, Childs JE, Piesman JF, Happ CM, Maupin GO, Johnson BJ, 1993. Amblyomma americanum: a potential vector of human ehrlichiosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49 :239–244.
-
41
Burket CT, Vann CN, Pinger RR, Chatot CL, Steiner FE, 1998. Minimum infection rate of Ambylomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) by Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) in southern Indiana. J Med Entomol 35 :653–659.
-
42
Ijdo JW, Wu C, Magnarelli LA, Stafford KC 3rd, Anderson JF, Fikrig E, 2000. Detection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis DNA in Amblyomma americanum ticks in Connecticut and Rhode Island. J Clin Microbiol 38 :4655–4656.
-
43
Roland WE, Everett ED, Cyr TL, Hasan SZ, Dommaraju CB, McDonald GA, 1998. Ehrlichia chaffeensis in Missouri ticks. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :641–643.
-
44
Steiert JB, Gilfoy F, 2002. Infection rates of Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis by Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii in Southwest Missouri. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2 :53–60.
-
45
Steiner FE, Pinger RR, Vann CN, 1999. Infection rates of Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) by Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) and prevalence of E. chaffeensis-reactive antibodies in white-tailed deer in southern Indiana, 1997. J Med Entomol 36 :715–719.
-
46
Stromdahl EY, Evans SR, O’Brien JJ, Gutierrez AG, 2001. Prevalence of infection in ticks submitted to the Human Tick Test Kit Program of the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine. J Med Entomol 38 :67–74.
-
47
Whitlock JE, Fang QQ, Durden LA, Oliver JH Jr, 2000. Prevalence of Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) from the Georgia coast and Barrier Islands. J Med Entomol 37 :276–280.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 987 | 909 | 382 |
| Full Text Views | 281 | 8 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 79 | 7 | 0 |