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1
Alicata JE, 1965. Biology and distribution of the rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, and its relationship to eosinophilic meningoencephalitis and other neurological disorders of man and animals. Adv Parasitol 3 :223–248.
-
2
MacLennan K, Gallagher MP, Knox DP, 1997. Stage-specific serine and metalloproteinase release by adult and larval Trichostrongylus vitrinus. Int J Parasitol 27 :1031–1036.
-
3
Todorova VK, Knox DP, Kennedy MW, 1995. Proteinases in the excretory/secretory products (ES) of adult Trichinella spiralis. Parasitology 111 :201–208.
-
4
Pritchard DI, Quinnell RJ, Slater AF, McKean PG, Dale DD, Raiko A, Keymer AE, 1990. Epidemiology and immunology of Necator americanus infection in a community in Papua New Guinea: humoral responses to excretory-secretory and cuticular collagen antigens. Parasitology 100 :317–326.
-
5
Lustigman S, McKerrow JH, Shah K, Lui J, Huima T, Hough M, Brotman B, 1996. Cloning of a cysteine protease required for the molting of Onchocerca volvulus third stage larvae. J Biol Chem 271 :30181–30189.
-
6
Tort J, Brindley PJ, Knox D, Wolfe KH, Dalton JP, 1999. Proteinases and associated genes of parasitic helminths. Adv Parasitol 43 :161–266.
-
7
Bhaibulaya M, 1975. Comparative studies on the life cycle of Angiostrongylus mackerrasae (Bhaibulaya, 1968) and Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935). Int J Parasitol 5 :7–20.
-
8
Yen CM, Chen ER, Hsieh HC, Dow WY, 1987. Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in immunosuppressed mice. Parasitol Int 36 :397–404.
-
9
McKerrow JH, Brindley P, Brown M, Gam AA, Staunton C, Neva FA, 1990. Strongyloides stercoralis: identification of a protease that facilitates penetration of skin by the infective larvae. Exp Parasitol 70 :134–143.
-
10
Sarath G, de la Motte RS, Wagner FW, 1994. Protease assay methods. Beynon RJ, Bond JS, eds. Proteolytic Enzymes—A Practical Approach. Oxford, United Kingdom: IRL Press, 25–55.
-
11
Tetteh KK, Loukas A, Tripp C, Maizels RM, 1999. Identification of abundantly expressed novel and conserved genes from the infective larval stage of Toxocara canis by an expressed sequence tag strategy. Infect Immun 67 :4771–4779.
-
12
Rhoads ML, Fetterer RH, Urban JF Jr, 1998. Effect of protease class-specific inhibitors on in vitro development of the third- to fourth-stage larvae of Ascaris suum. J Parasitol 84 :686–690.
-
13
Cordova M, Jara J, Del Nery E, Hirata IY, Araujo MS, Carmona AK, Juliano MA, Juliano L, 2001. Characterization of two cysteine proteinases secreted by Fasciola hepatica and demonstration of their kininogenase activity. Mol Biochem Parasitol 116 :109–115.
-
14
Maki J, Yanagisawa T, 1986. Demonstration of carboxyl and thiol protease activities in adult Schistosoma mansoni, Dirofilaria immitis, Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Ascaris suum. J Helminthol 60 :31–37.
-
15
Polzer M, Overstreet RM, Taraschewski H, 1994. Proteinase activity in the plerocercoid of Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Cestoda). Parasitology 109 :209–213.
-
16
Barrett AJ, McDonald JK, 1980. Mammalian Proteases: A Glossary and Bibliography, Endopeptidases. New York: Academic Press, 3–4.
-
17
Salvasen G, Nagase H, 1989. Inhibition of proteolytic enzymes. Beynon RJ, Bond JS, eds. Proteolytic Enzymes—A Practical Approach. Oxford, United Kingdom: IRL Press, 85–89.
-
18
Sakanari JA, McKerrow JH, 1990. Identification of the secreted neutral proteases from Anisakis simplex. J Parasitol 76 :625–630.
-
19
Moncada D, Keller K, Chadee K, 2003. Entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteinases disrupt the polymeric structure of colonic mucin and alter its protective function. Infect Immun 71 :838–844.
-
20
Drake LJ, Bianco AE, Bundy DA, Ashall F, 1994. Characterization of peptidases of adult Trichuris muris. Parasitology 109 :623–630.
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21
Petralanda I, Yarzabol L, Piessons WF, 1986. Studies on a filarial antigen with collagenase activity. Mol Biochem Parasitol 19 :51–59.
-
22
McKerrow JH, Pino-Heiss S, Lindquist RL, Werb Z, 1985. Purification and characterization of an elastinolytic proteinase secreted by cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. J Biol Chem 260 :3703–3707.
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23
Rawlings ND, Barrett AJ, 1995. Evolutionary families of metallopeptidases. Methods Enzymol 248 :183–228.
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24
Matthews BE, 1982. Behaviour and enzyme release by Anisakis sp. larvae (Nematoda: Ascaridida). J Helminthol 56 :177–183.
-
25
Araki K, Uga S, Matsumura T, 1986. Penetration of third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in vitro I. Penetration apparatus and its application. Parasitol Int 35 :89–93.
-
26
Thorsen RE, 1953. Studies on the mechanism of immunity in the rat to the nematode, Nippostrongylus muris. Am J Hyg 58 :1–15.
-
27
Hotez PJ, Cerami A, 1983. Secretion of a proteolytic anticoagulant by Ancylostoma hookworms. J Exp Med 157 :1594–1603.
-
28
Piacenza L, Radi R, Goni F, Carmona C, 1998. CuZn superoxide dismutase activities from Fasciola hepatica. Parasitology 117 :555–562.
-
29
Abe T, Nawa Y, Yoshimura K, 1992. Protease resistant interleukin-3 stimulating components in excretory and secretory products from adult worms of Strongyloides ratti. J Helminthol 66 :155–158.
-
30
Brindley PJ, Gam AA, McKerrow JH, Neva FA, 1995. Ss40: the zinc endopeptidase secreted by infective larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. Exp Parasitol 80 :1–7.
-
31
Loukas A, Dowd AJ, Prociv P, Brindley PJ, 2000. Purification of a diagnostic, secreted cysteine protease-like protein from the hookworm Ancylostoma caninum. Parasitol Int 49 :327–333.
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PROTEASE SECRETED BY THE INFECTIVE LARVAE OF ANGIOSTRONGYLUS CANTONENSIS AND ITS ROLE IN THE PENETRATION OF MOUSE INTESTINE
JUNE-DER LEE
JUNE-DER LEE
Department of Parasitology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
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CHUAN-MIN YEN
CHUAN-MIN YEN
Department of Parasitology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
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The infective third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis secrete a proteolytic enzyme that is thought to be essential for both larval penetration into the intestinal wall of the host and full development. Protease activity in these larvae during culture in vitro was determined by zymography, pH optimum, and substrate and inhibitor specificity. Excretory-secretory (ES) products of the third-stage larvae showed protease activity as three bands with molecular masses of 66, 30, and 23 kD by gelatin zymography. The optimal pH value for this protease activity was 10.0. The protease was found to have collagenolytic as well as elastinolytic activity, but these activities were inhibited by serine protease or metalloprotease inhibitors. The importance of this protease in larval penetration of the intestinal wall and entering the blood stream was observed in vitro by cocultured third-stage larvae of A. cantonensis with specific protease inhibitors in the intestines of BALB/c mice. The penetration rates of larvae significantly decreased when serine protease or metalloprotease inhibitors were added to the intestines. These results showed that serine protease and metalloprotease in ES products of A. cantonensis third-stage larvae are associated with larval penetration of the intestinal walls of mice.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Alicata JE, 1965. Biology and distribution of the rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, and its relationship to eosinophilic meningoencephalitis and other neurological disorders of man and animals. Adv Parasitol 3 :223–248.
-
2
MacLennan K, Gallagher MP, Knox DP, 1997. Stage-specific serine and metalloproteinase release by adult and larval Trichostrongylus vitrinus. Int J Parasitol 27 :1031–1036.
-
3
Todorova VK, Knox DP, Kennedy MW, 1995. Proteinases in the excretory/secretory products (ES) of adult Trichinella spiralis. Parasitology 111 :201–208.
-
4
Pritchard DI, Quinnell RJ, Slater AF, McKean PG, Dale DD, Raiko A, Keymer AE, 1990. Epidemiology and immunology of Necator americanus infection in a community in Papua New Guinea: humoral responses to excretory-secretory and cuticular collagen antigens. Parasitology 100 :317–326.
-
5
Lustigman S, McKerrow JH, Shah K, Lui J, Huima T, Hough M, Brotman B, 1996. Cloning of a cysteine protease required for the molting of Onchocerca volvulus third stage larvae. J Biol Chem 271 :30181–30189.
-
6
Tort J, Brindley PJ, Knox D, Wolfe KH, Dalton JP, 1999. Proteinases and associated genes of parasitic helminths. Adv Parasitol 43 :161–266.
-
7
Bhaibulaya M, 1975. Comparative studies on the life cycle of Angiostrongylus mackerrasae (Bhaibulaya, 1968) and Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935). Int J Parasitol 5 :7–20.
-
8
Yen CM, Chen ER, Hsieh HC, Dow WY, 1987. Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in immunosuppressed mice. Parasitol Int 36 :397–404.
-
9
McKerrow JH, Brindley P, Brown M, Gam AA, Staunton C, Neva FA, 1990. Strongyloides stercoralis: identification of a protease that facilitates penetration of skin by the infective larvae. Exp Parasitol 70 :134–143.
-
10
Sarath G, de la Motte RS, Wagner FW, 1994. Protease assay methods. Beynon RJ, Bond JS, eds. Proteolytic Enzymes—A Practical Approach. Oxford, United Kingdom: IRL Press, 25–55.
-
11
Tetteh KK, Loukas A, Tripp C, Maizels RM, 1999. Identification of abundantly expressed novel and conserved genes from the infective larval stage of Toxocara canis by an expressed sequence tag strategy. Infect Immun 67 :4771–4779.
-
12
Rhoads ML, Fetterer RH, Urban JF Jr, 1998. Effect of protease class-specific inhibitors on in vitro development of the third- to fourth-stage larvae of Ascaris suum. J Parasitol 84 :686–690.
-
13
Cordova M, Jara J, Del Nery E, Hirata IY, Araujo MS, Carmona AK, Juliano MA, Juliano L, 2001. Characterization of two cysteine proteinases secreted by Fasciola hepatica and demonstration of their kininogenase activity. Mol Biochem Parasitol 116 :109–115.
-
14
Maki J, Yanagisawa T, 1986. Demonstration of carboxyl and thiol protease activities in adult Schistosoma mansoni, Dirofilaria immitis, Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Ascaris suum. J Helminthol 60 :31–37.
-
15
Polzer M, Overstreet RM, Taraschewski H, 1994. Proteinase activity in the plerocercoid of Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Cestoda). Parasitology 109 :209–213.
-
16
Barrett AJ, McDonald JK, 1980. Mammalian Proteases: A Glossary and Bibliography, Endopeptidases. New York: Academic Press, 3–4.
-
17
Salvasen G, Nagase H, 1989. Inhibition of proteolytic enzymes. Beynon RJ, Bond JS, eds. Proteolytic Enzymes—A Practical Approach. Oxford, United Kingdom: IRL Press, 85–89.
-
18
Sakanari JA, McKerrow JH, 1990. Identification of the secreted neutral proteases from Anisakis simplex. J Parasitol 76 :625–630.
-
19
Moncada D, Keller K, Chadee K, 2003. Entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteinases disrupt the polymeric structure of colonic mucin and alter its protective function. Infect Immun 71 :838–844.
-
20
Drake LJ, Bianco AE, Bundy DA, Ashall F, 1994. Characterization of peptidases of adult Trichuris muris. Parasitology 109 :623–630.
-
21
Petralanda I, Yarzabol L, Piessons WF, 1986. Studies on a filarial antigen with collagenase activity. Mol Biochem Parasitol 19 :51–59.
-
22
McKerrow JH, Pino-Heiss S, Lindquist RL, Werb Z, 1985. Purification and characterization of an elastinolytic proteinase secreted by cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. J Biol Chem 260 :3703–3707.
-
23
Rawlings ND, Barrett AJ, 1995. Evolutionary families of metallopeptidases. Methods Enzymol 248 :183–228.
-
24
Matthews BE, 1982. Behaviour and enzyme release by Anisakis sp. larvae (Nematoda: Ascaridida). J Helminthol 56 :177–183.
-
25
Araki K, Uga S, Matsumura T, 1986. Penetration of third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in vitro I. Penetration apparatus and its application. Parasitol Int 35 :89–93.
-
26
Thorsen RE, 1953. Studies on the mechanism of immunity in the rat to the nematode, Nippostrongylus muris. Am J Hyg 58 :1–15.
-
27
Hotez PJ, Cerami A, 1983. Secretion of a proteolytic anticoagulant by Ancylostoma hookworms. J Exp Med 157 :1594–1603.
-
28
Piacenza L, Radi R, Goni F, Carmona C, 1998. CuZn superoxide dismutase activities from Fasciola hepatica. Parasitology 117 :555–562.
-
29
Abe T, Nawa Y, Yoshimura K, 1992. Protease resistant interleukin-3 stimulating components in excretory and secretory products from adult worms of Strongyloides ratti. J Helminthol 66 :155–158.
-
30
Brindley PJ, Gam AA, McKerrow JH, Neva FA, 1995. Ss40: the zinc endopeptidase secreted by infective larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. Exp Parasitol 80 :1–7.
-
31
Loukas A, Dowd AJ, Prociv P, Brindley PJ, 2000. Purification of a diagnostic, secreted cysteine protease-like protein from the hookworm Ancylostoma caninum. Parasitol Int 49 :327–333.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 13 | 13 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 241 | 74 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 33 | 11 | 0 |