Author:
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-
1
Ministry of Health, State of Eritrea. Eritrean Health Profile, 2000.
-
2
Ministry of Health, State of Eritrea. National Malaria Control Program 5-year RBM Strategic Plan of Action, Mendefera, 1998.
-
3
Shililu J, Ghebremeskel T, Seulu F, Mengistu S, Fekadu H, Zerom M, Ghebregziabiher A, Sintasath D, Bretas G, Mbogo C, Githure J, Brantly E, Novak R, Beier JC, 2003. Larval habitat diversity and ecology of Anopheline larvae in Eritrea. J Med Entomol 40 :921–929.
-
4
Shililu J, Ghebremeskel T, Mengistu S, Fekadu H, Zerom M, Mbogo C, Githure J, Gu W, Novak R, Beier JC, 2003. Distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in Eritrea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69 :295–302.
-
5
Shililu J, Ghebremeskel T, Seulu F, Mengistu S, Fekadu H, Zerom M, Ghebregziabiher A, Sintasath D, Mbogo C, Githure J, Brantly E, Novak R, Beier JC, 2004. Seasonal abundance, vector behavior, and malaria parasite transmission in Eritrea. J Am Mosq. Control Assoc 20 :155–164.
-
6
Shililu J, Tewolde G/M, Brantly E, Githure J, Mbogo C, Beier R, Fusco R, Novak RJ, 2003. Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiengis israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus and temephos for managing Anopheles larvae in Eritrea. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 19 :251–258.
-
7
Moody A, Hunt-Cooke A, Gabbett E, Chiodini P, 2000. Performance of the OptiMAL antigen capture dipstick for malaria diagnosis and treatment at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London. Br J Haematol 109 :891–894.
-
8
Palmer CJ, Lindo JF, Klaskala WI, Quesada JA, Kaminsky R, Baum MK, Ager AL, 1998. Evaluation of the OptiMAL test for rapid diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria. J Clin Microbiol 36 :203–206.
-
9
Hunt-Cooke A, Chiodini P, Moody AH, Ries J, Pinder M, 1999. Comparison of a parasite lactate dehydrogenase based immunochromatographic antigen detection assay (OptiMAL) with microscopy for the detection of malaria parasites in human blood samples. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 60 :17–176.
-
10
Banguero H, 1984. Socioeconomic factors associated with malaria in Colombia. Soc Sci Med 19 :1099–1104.
-
11
El Samani FZ, Willet WC, Ware JH, 1987. Nutritional and socio-demographic risk indicators of malaria in children under five: a cross-sectional study in a Sudanese rural community. J Trop Med Hyg 90 :69–78.
-
12
Koram KA, Bennett S, Adiamah JH, Greenwood BM, 1995. Socio-economic risk factors for malaria in a periurban area of the Gambia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 89 :146–150.
-
13
Woolhouse ME, Dye C, Etard JF, Smith T, Charlwood JD, Garnett GP, Hagan P, Hii JL, Ndhlovu PD, Quinnell RJ, Watts CH, Chandiwana SK, Anderson RM, 1997. Heterogeneities in the transmission of infectious agents: implications for the design of control programmes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94 :338–342.
-
14
Carter R, Mendis K, Roberts D, 2000. Spatial targeting of interventions against malaria. Bull World Health Organ 78 :1401–1411.
-
15
Gamage-Mendis AC, Carter R, Mendis C, De Zoysa AP, Herath PR, Mendis KN, 1991. The clustering of malaria infections within an endemic population: risk of malaria associated with the type of housing construction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 45 :77–85.
-
16
Lindsay SW, Snow RW, 1988. The trouble with eaves; house entry by vectors of malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 82 :645–646.
-
17
Lindsay SW, Jawara M, Paine K, Pinder M, Walraven GE, Emerson PM, 2003. Changes in house design reduce exposure to malaria mosquitoes. Trop Med Int Health 8 :512–517.
-
18
Ghebreyesus TA, Haile M, Witten KH, Getachew A, Yohannes M, Lindsay SW, Byass P, 2000. Household risk factors for malaria among children in the Ethiopian highlands. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 :17–21.
-
19
Schofield CJ, White GB, 1984. Engineering against insect-borne diseases in the domestic environment: house design and domestic vectors of disease. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 78 :285–292.
-
20
Oaks SC Jr, Mitchell VS, Pearson GW, eds., 1991. Malaria: Obstacles and Opportunities. A report of the Committee for the Study on Malaria Prevention and Control: Status Review and Alternative Strategies Division of International Health, Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
-
21
Jambou R, Ranaivo L, Raharimalala L, Randrianaivo J, Rakotomanana F, Modiano D, Pietra V, Boisier P, Rabarijaona L, Rabe T, Raveloson N, De Giorgi F, 2001. Malaria in the highlands of Madagascar after five years of indoor house spraying of DDT. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 :14–18.
-
22
Craig MH, Snow RW, Le Sueur D, 1999. A climate-based distribution model of malaria transmission in Africa. Parasitol Today 15 :105–111.
-
23
Malone JB, personal communication.
-
24
Coleman RE, Maneechai N, Ponlawat A, Kumpitak C, Rachapaew, Miller RS, Sattabongkot J, 2002. Short report: failure of the OptiMAL rapid malaria test as a tool for the detection of asymptomatic malaria in an area of Thailand endemic for Plasmodium faciparum and P. vivax. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :563–565.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 61 | 61 | 16 |
| Full Text Views | 491 | 114 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 253 | 40 | 0 |
MALARIA PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN ERITREA
DAVID M. SINTASATH
DAVID M. SINTASATH
Health and Child Survival Fellows Program, Johns Hopkins University, USAID/Eritrea; National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health, Asmara, Eritrea; Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, D.C.; Environmental Health Project, Arlington, Virginia; International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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TEWOLDE GHEBREMESKEL
TEWOLDE GHEBREMESKEL
Health and Child Survival Fellows Program, Johns Hopkins University, USAID/Eritrea; National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health, Asmara, Eritrea; Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, D.C.; Environmental Health Project, Arlington, Virginia; International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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MATTHEW LYNCH
MATTHEW LYNCH
Health and Child Survival Fellows Program, Johns Hopkins University, USAID/Eritrea; National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health, Asmara, Eritrea; Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, D.C.; Environmental Health Project, Arlington, Virginia; International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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ECKHARD KLEINAU
ECKHARD KLEINAU
Health and Child Survival Fellows Program, Johns Hopkins University, USAID/Eritrea; National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health, Asmara, Eritrea; Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, D.C.; Environmental Health Project, Arlington, Virginia; International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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GUSTAVO BRETAS
GUSTAVO BRETAS
Health and Child Survival Fellows Program, Johns Hopkins University, USAID/Eritrea; National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health, Asmara, Eritrea; Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, D.C.; Environmental Health Project, Arlington, Virginia; International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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JOSEPHAT SHILILU
JOSEPHAT SHILILU
Health and Child Survival Fellows Program, Johns Hopkins University, USAID/Eritrea; National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health, Asmara, Eritrea; Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, D.C.; Environmental Health Project, Arlington, Virginia; International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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EUGENE BRANTLY
EUGENE BRANTLY
Health and Child Survival Fellows Program, Johns Hopkins University, USAID/Eritrea; National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health, Asmara, Eritrea; Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, D.C.; Environmental Health Project, Arlington, Virginia; International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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PATRICIA M. GRAVES
PATRICIA M. GRAVES
Health and Child Survival Fellows Program, Johns Hopkins University, USAID/Eritrea; National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health, Asmara, Eritrea; Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, D.C.; Environmental Health Project, Arlington, Virginia; International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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JOHN C. BEIER
JOHN C. BEIER
Health and Child Survival Fellows Program, Johns Hopkins University, USAID/Eritrea; National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health, Asmara, Eritrea; Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, D.C.; Environmental Health Project, Arlington, Virginia; International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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A parasitological cross-sectional survey was undertaken from September 2000 through February 2001 to estimate the prevalence of malaria parasitemia in Eritrea. A total of 12,937 individuals from 176 villages were screened for both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasite species using the OptiMal Rapid Diagnostic Test. Malaria prevalence was generally low but highly focal and variable with the proportion of parasitemia at 2.2% (range: 0.4% to 6.5%). Despite no significant differences in age or sex-specific prevalence rates, 7% of households accounted for the positive cases and 90% of these were P. falciparum. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that mud walls were positively associated with malaria infection (OR [odds ratio] = 1.6 [95% CI: 1.2, 2.2], P < 0.008). For countries with low and seasonal malaria transmission, such information can help programs design improved strategic interventions.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Ministry of Health, State of Eritrea. Eritrean Health Profile, 2000.
-
2
Ministry of Health, State of Eritrea. National Malaria Control Program 5-year RBM Strategic Plan of Action, Mendefera, 1998.
-
3
Shililu J, Ghebremeskel T, Seulu F, Mengistu S, Fekadu H, Zerom M, Ghebregziabiher A, Sintasath D, Bretas G, Mbogo C, Githure J, Brantly E, Novak R, Beier JC, 2003. Larval habitat diversity and ecology of Anopheline larvae in Eritrea. J Med Entomol 40 :921–929.
-
4
Shililu J, Ghebremeskel T, Mengistu S, Fekadu H, Zerom M, Mbogo C, Githure J, Gu W, Novak R, Beier JC, 2003. Distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in Eritrea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69 :295–302.
-
5
Shililu J, Ghebremeskel T, Seulu F, Mengistu S, Fekadu H, Zerom M, Ghebregziabiher A, Sintasath D, Mbogo C, Githure J, Brantly E, Novak R, Beier JC, 2004. Seasonal abundance, vector behavior, and malaria parasite transmission in Eritrea. J Am Mosq. Control Assoc 20 :155–164.
-
6
Shililu J, Tewolde G/M, Brantly E, Githure J, Mbogo C, Beier R, Fusco R, Novak RJ, 2003. Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiengis israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus and temephos for managing Anopheles larvae in Eritrea. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 19 :251–258.
-
7
Moody A, Hunt-Cooke A, Gabbett E, Chiodini P, 2000. Performance of the OptiMAL antigen capture dipstick for malaria diagnosis and treatment at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London. Br J Haematol 109 :891–894.
-
8
Palmer CJ, Lindo JF, Klaskala WI, Quesada JA, Kaminsky R, Baum MK, Ager AL, 1998. Evaluation of the OptiMAL test for rapid diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria. J Clin Microbiol 36 :203–206.
-
9
Hunt-Cooke A, Chiodini P, Moody AH, Ries J, Pinder M, 1999. Comparison of a parasite lactate dehydrogenase based immunochromatographic antigen detection assay (OptiMAL) with microscopy for the detection of malaria parasites in human blood samples. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 60 :17–176.
-
10
Banguero H, 1984. Socioeconomic factors associated with malaria in Colombia. Soc Sci Med 19 :1099–1104.
-
11
El Samani FZ, Willet WC, Ware JH, 1987. Nutritional and socio-demographic risk indicators of malaria in children under five: a cross-sectional study in a Sudanese rural community. J Trop Med Hyg 90 :69–78.
-
12
Koram KA, Bennett S, Adiamah JH, Greenwood BM, 1995. Socio-economic risk factors for malaria in a periurban area of the Gambia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 89 :146–150.
-
13
Woolhouse ME, Dye C, Etard JF, Smith T, Charlwood JD, Garnett GP, Hagan P, Hii JL, Ndhlovu PD, Quinnell RJ, Watts CH, Chandiwana SK, Anderson RM, 1997. Heterogeneities in the transmission of infectious agents: implications for the design of control programmes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94 :338–342.
-
14
Carter R, Mendis K, Roberts D, 2000. Spatial targeting of interventions against malaria. Bull World Health Organ 78 :1401–1411.
-
15
Gamage-Mendis AC, Carter R, Mendis C, De Zoysa AP, Herath PR, Mendis KN, 1991. The clustering of malaria infections within an endemic population: risk of malaria associated with the type of housing construction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 45 :77–85.
-
16
Lindsay SW, Snow RW, 1988. The trouble with eaves; house entry by vectors of malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 82 :645–646.
-
17
Lindsay SW, Jawara M, Paine K, Pinder M, Walraven GE, Emerson PM, 2003. Changes in house design reduce exposure to malaria mosquitoes. Trop Med Int Health 8 :512–517.
-
18
Ghebreyesus TA, Haile M, Witten KH, Getachew A, Yohannes M, Lindsay SW, Byass P, 2000. Household risk factors for malaria among children in the Ethiopian highlands. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 :17–21.
-
19
Schofield CJ, White GB, 1984. Engineering against insect-borne diseases in the domestic environment: house design and domestic vectors of disease. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 78 :285–292.
-
20
Oaks SC Jr, Mitchell VS, Pearson GW, eds., 1991. Malaria: Obstacles and Opportunities. A report of the Committee for the Study on Malaria Prevention and Control: Status Review and Alternative Strategies Division of International Health, Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
-
21
Jambou R, Ranaivo L, Raharimalala L, Randrianaivo J, Rakotomanana F, Modiano D, Pietra V, Boisier P, Rabarijaona L, Rabe T, Raveloson N, De Giorgi F, 2001. Malaria in the highlands of Madagascar after five years of indoor house spraying of DDT. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 :14–18.
-
22
Craig MH, Snow RW, Le Sueur D, 1999. A climate-based distribution model of malaria transmission in Africa. Parasitol Today 15 :105–111.
-
23
Malone JB, personal communication.
-
24
Coleman RE, Maneechai N, Ponlawat A, Kumpitak C, Rachapaew, Miller RS, Sattabongkot J, 2002. Short report: failure of the OptiMAL rapid malaria test as a tool for the detection of asymptomatic malaria in an area of Thailand endemic for Plasmodium faciparum and P. vivax. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :563–565.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 61 | 61 | 16 |
| Full Text Views | 491 | 114 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 253 | 40 | 0 |