ANTI–PLASMODIUM VIVAX DUFFY BINDING PROTEIN ANTIBODIES MEASURE EXPOSURE TO MALARIA IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

ISABELA P. CERÁVOLO Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana

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OSCAR BRUÑA-ROMERO Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana

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ÉRIKA M. BRAGA Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana

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COR J. F. FONTES Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana

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CRISTIANA F. A. BRITO Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana

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JOSÉ M. SOUZA Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana

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ANTONIANA U. KRETTLI Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana

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JOHN H. ADAMS Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana

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LUZIA H. CARVALHO Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana

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Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein (DBP) is functionally important in the erythrocyte invasion process and provides a logical target for vaccine-mediated immunity. In the current study, we demonstrated that DBP is naturally immunogenic in different populations of the Brazilian Amazon, and the proportions of DBP IgG positive subjects increased with exposure to malaria, reaching a peak in those subjects with long-term exposure (> 15 years) in the Amazon area. This profile of antibody response was significantly different from the one observed for the P. vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP119), which was relatively uniform in areas with markedly different levels of malaria transmission. In a small sample of adults with symptomless P. vivax infection, we could not detect any significant correlation between antibodies against these P. vivax proteins and asymptomatic infection. Our study provided an additional insight by demonstrating cumulative exposure as a determinant that acts independently of host age in generation of anti-DBP IgG response.

Author Notes

Reprint requests: Luzia H. Carvalho, Laboratório de Malária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Telephone: 55-31-32953566, Fax: 55-31-32953115, E-mail: lhcarvalho@cpqrr.fiocruz.br.
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