ATTENUATION OF CYTOADHERENCE OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM TO MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM UNDER FLOW BY HEMODILUTION

CHRISTINE FLATT Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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SHEONA MITCHELL Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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BRYAN YIPP Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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SORNCHAI LOOAREESUWAN Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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MAY HO Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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The cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum–infected erythrocytes (IRBCs) to endothelium is mediated by adhesion molecules within the physical constraints of a viscous fluid containing mostly erythrocytes. The volume fraction of erythrocytes (hematocrit) and their physical properties, such as deformability, are important properties of blood that affect cell recruitment to the vascular wall. In the present study, we examined the effect of hematocrit on IRBC rolling and adhesion on human microvascular endothelial cells in a flow chamber system in vitro. We found hematocrit to be a major determinant of IRBC/endothelial cell interactions. There was a 5-fold and 12-fold increase in IRBC rolling and adhesion, respectively, when hematocrit increased from 10% to 30%, as a result of changes in shear rate. Similar effects were seen in the presence of less deformable erythrocytes, serum proteins, and on endothelium stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α. The results indicate that hemorheologic variations are an important determinant of the degree of cytoadherence.

Author Notes

Reprint requests: May Ho, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1, Telephone: 403-220-8516, Fax: 403-270-8520, E-mail: mho@ucalgary.ca.
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