Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
World Health Organization, 1995. Bridging the gaps. The World Health Report. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
-
2
Anonymous, 1997. Lymphatic filariasis in the Americas. Epidemiol Bull 18 :6–7.
-
3
Ottesen EA, Duke BOL, Karam M, Behbehani K, 1997. Strategies and tools for the control/ elimination of lymphatic filariasis. Bull World Health Organ 75 :491–503.
-
4
Michael E, Bundy DAP, Grenfell BT, 1996. Re-assessing the global prevalence and distribution of lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology 112 :409–428.
-
5
Eberhard ML, Walker EM, Addiss DG, Lammie PL, 1996. A survey of knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAPs) of lymphatic filariasis, elephantiasis, and hydrocele among residents in an endemic area in Haiti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54 :299–303.
-
6
Lammie PJ, Hightower AW, Eberhard ML, 1994. The age-specific prevalence of antigenemia in a Wuchereria bancrofti-exposed population. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51 :348–355.
-
7
Lammie PJ, Reiss MD, Dimock KA, Streit TG, Roberts JM, Eberhard ML, 1998. Longitudinal analysis of the development of filarial infection and antifilarial immunity in a cohort of Haitian children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :217–221.
-
8
Jungmann P, Figueredo-Silva J, Dreyer G, 1991. Bancroftian lymphadenopathy: a histopathologic study of fifty-eight cases from Northeastern Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 45 :325–331.
-
9
Dreyer G, Figueredo-Silva J, Carvalho K, Amaral F, Ottesen EA, 2001. Lymphatic filariasis in children: adenopathy and its evolution in two young girls. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :204–207.
-
10
Amaral F, Dreyer G, Figueredo-Silva J, Noroes J, Cavalcanti A, Samico SC, Santos A, Coutinho A, 1994. Live adult worms detected by ultrasonography in human bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50 :753–757.
-
11
Chaubal NG, Pradhan GM, Chaubal JN, Ramani SK, 2003. Dance of live adult filarial worms is a reliable sign of scrotal filarial infection. J Ultrasound Med 22 :765–769.
-
12
Dreyer G, Noroes J, Addiss D, Santos A, Medeiros Z, Figueredo-Silva J, 1999. Bancroftian filariasis in a paediatric population: an ultrasonographic study. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 :633–636.
-
13
Dreyer G, Noroes J, Amaral F, Nen A, Medeiros Z, Coutinho A, Addiss D, 1995. Direct assessment of the adulticidal efficacy of a single dose of ivermectin in bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 89 :441–443.
-
14
Noroes J, Addiss D, Santos A, Medeiros Z, Coutinho A, Dreyer G, 1996. Ultrasonographic evidence of abnormal lymphatic vessels in young men with adult Wuchereria bancrofti infection in the scrotal area. J Urol 156 :409–412.
-
15
Dreyer G, Santos A, Noroes J, Rocha A, Addiss D, 1996. Amicrofilaremic carriers of adult Wuchereria bancrofti.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90 :288–289.
-
16
Suresh S, Kumaraswami V, Suresh I, Rajesh K, Suguna G, Vijayasekaran V, Ruckmani A, Rajamanickam MG, 1997. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of subclinical filariasis. J Ultrasound Med. 16 :45–49.
-
17
Noroes J, Addiss D, Amaral F, Coutinho A, Medeiros Z, Dreyer G, 1996. Occurrence of living adult Wuchereria bancrofti in the scrotal area of men with microfilaremia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90 :55–56.
-
18
Dreyer G, Brandao AC, Amaral F, Medeiros Z, Addiss D, 1996. Detection by ultrasound of living adult Wuchereria bancrofti in the female breast. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 91 :95–96.
-
19
Fox LM, Furness BW, Haser JK, Dardith D, Brissau JM, Milord MD, Lafontant J, Lammie PJ, Beach MJ, 2005. Tolerance and efficacy of combined diethylcarbamazine and albendazole for treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti and intestinal helminth infections in Haitian children. Am J Trop Med Hyg (in press).
-
20
Eberhard ML, Lammie PJ, 1991. Laboratory diagnosis of filariasis. Clin Lab Med 11 :977–1010.
-
21
Dorlands Illustrated Medical Dictionary. 30th Edition. Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA. 98: 703–714. 2003.
-
22
Gray’s Anatomic Basis of Medicine and Surgery. Churchill Livingston, UK, 38th Edition. 1995.
-
23
Marshall WA, Tanner JM, 1968. Growth and physiologic development during adolescence. Annu Rev Med 19 :283–300.
-
24
Möller R, 1980. Arrangement and fine structure of lymphatic vessels in the human spermatic cord. Andrologia 12 :564–576.
-
25
Dondero TJ, Mullin SW, Balasingam S, 1972. Early clinical manifestations in filariasis due to Brugia malayi: observations on experimental infections in man. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 3 :569–575.
-
26
King BG, 1944. Early filariasis diagnosis and clinical findings: a report of 268 cases in American troops. Am J Trop Med 24 :285–298.
-
27
Bosshardt SC, Coleman SU, Thompson DL Jr, Klei TR, 1991. Altered adult worm location in young male jirds infected with Brugia pahangi.J Parasitol 77 :631–633.
-
28
Dreyer G, Amaral F, Noroes J, Medeiros Z, 1994. Ultrasonographic evidence for stability of adult worm location in bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :558.
-
29
Dreyer G, Addiss D, Roberts J, Noroes J, 2002. Progression of lymphatic vessel dilatation in the presence of living adult Wuchereria bancrofti.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96 :157–161.
-
30
Mathieu E, Lammie PJ, Radday J, Montilus W, Beach MJ, Streit T, Wendt J, Addiss DG, 2004. Factors associated with participation in a campaign of mass treatment against lymphatic filariasis in Leogane, Haiti. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 98 :703–714.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF HAITIAN CHILDREN WITH LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS: A LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF ANTIFILARIAL DRUG TREATMENT
LEANNE M. FOX
LEANNE M. FOX
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Hôpital Sainte Croix, Leogane, Haiti
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BRUCE W. FURNESS
BRUCE W. FURNESS
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Hôpital Sainte Croix, Leogane, Haiti
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JENNIFER K. HASER
JENNIFER K. HASER
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Hôpital Sainte Croix, Leogane, Haiti
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JEAN-MARC BRISSAU
JEAN-MARC BRISSAU
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Hôpital Sainte Croix, Leogane, Haiti
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JACKY LOUIS-CHARLES
JACKY LOUIS-CHARLES
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Hôpital Sainte Croix, Leogane, Haiti
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SUSAN F. WILSON
SUSAN F. WILSON
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Hôpital Sainte Croix, Leogane, Haiti
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DAVID G. ADDISS
DAVID G. ADDISS
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Hôpital Sainte Croix, Leogane, Haiti
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PATRICK J. LAMMIE
PATRICK J. LAMMIE
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Hôpital Sainte Croix, Leogane, Haiti
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MICHAEL J. BEACH
MICHAEL J. BEACH
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Hôpital Sainte Croix, Leogane, Haiti
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To assess the clinical findings associated with detection of adult Wuchereria bancrofti worms on ultrasound, 186 schoolchildren in a filariasis-endemic area of Haiti underwent physical and ultrasonographic examinations. The filaria dance sign (FDS) of adult W. bancrofti was detected in the inguinal and crural lymphatics of 28 (15%) children. FDS detection was more common in older children (P = 0.003) and in those with a history of inguinal lymph node inflammation (P = 0.002) or crural lymphadenopathy on physical exam (P = 0.01). Twenty-five FDS-positive children were reexamined after three annual cycles of mass treatment for lymphatic filariasis (LF). The total number of adult worm nests detected by ultrasound decreased from 29 to 4 (P ≤0.0001). FDS and lymphangiectasia were detected in the intrascrotal (N = 3) and inguinal (N = 1) lymphatic vessels of three postpubescent boys. This study demonstrates clinical and subclinical findings of LF in FDS-positive children.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
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EndNote
-
1
World Health Organization, 1995. Bridging the gaps. The World Health Report. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
-
2
Anonymous, 1997. Lymphatic filariasis in the Americas. Epidemiol Bull 18 :6–7.
-
3
Ottesen EA, Duke BOL, Karam M, Behbehani K, 1997. Strategies and tools for the control/ elimination of lymphatic filariasis. Bull World Health Organ 75 :491–503.
-
4
Michael E, Bundy DAP, Grenfell BT, 1996. Re-assessing the global prevalence and distribution of lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology 112 :409–428.
-
5
Eberhard ML, Walker EM, Addiss DG, Lammie PL, 1996. A survey of knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAPs) of lymphatic filariasis, elephantiasis, and hydrocele among residents in an endemic area in Haiti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54 :299–303.
-
6
Lammie PJ, Hightower AW, Eberhard ML, 1994. The age-specific prevalence of antigenemia in a Wuchereria bancrofti-exposed population. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51 :348–355.
-
7
Lammie PJ, Reiss MD, Dimock KA, Streit TG, Roberts JM, Eberhard ML, 1998. Longitudinal analysis of the development of filarial infection and antifilarial immunity in a cohort of Haitian children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :217–221.
-
8
Jungmann P, Figueredo-Silva J, Dreyer G, 1991. Bancroftian lymphadenopathy: a histopathologic study of fifty-eight cases from Northeastern Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 45 :325–331.
-
9
Dreyer G, Figueredo-Silva J, Carvalho K, Amaral F, Ottesen EA, 2001. Lymphatic filariasis in children: adenopathy and its evolution in two young girls. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :204–207.
-
10
Amaral F, Dreyer G, Figueredo-Silva J, Noroes J, Cavalcanti A, Samico SC, Santos A, Coutinho A, 1994. Live adult worms detected by ultrasonography in human bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50 :753–757.
-
11
Chaubal NG, Pradhan GM, Chaubal JN, Ramani SK, 2003. Dance of live adult filarial worms is a reliable sign of scrotal filarial infection. J Ultrasound Med 22 :765–769.
-
12
Dreyer G, Noroes J, Addiss D, Santos A, Medeiros Z, Figueredo-Silva J, 1999. Bancroftian filariasis in a paediatric population: an ultrasonographic study. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 :633–636.
-
13
Dreyer G, Noroes J, Amaral F, Nen A, Medeiros Z, Coutinho A, Addiss D, 1995. Direct assessment of the adulticidal efficacy of a single dose of ivermectin in bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 89 :441–443.
-
14
Noroes J, Addiss D, Santos A, Medeiros Z, Coutinho A, Dreyer G, 1996. Ultrasonographic evidence of abnormal lymphatic vessels in young men with adult Wuchereria bancrofti infection in the scrotal area. J Urol 156 :409–412.
-
15
Dreyer G, Santos A, Noroes J, Rocha A, Addiss D, 1996. Amicrofilaremic carriers of adult Wuchereria bancrofti.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90 :288–289.
-
16
Suresh S, Kumaraswami V, Suresh I, Rajesh K, Suguna G, Vijayasekaran V, Ruckmani A, Rajamanickam MG, 1997. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of subclinical filariasis. J Ultrasound Med. 16 :45–49.
-
17
Noroes J, Addiss D, Amaral F, Coutinho A, Medeiros Z, Dreyer G, 1996. Occurrence of living adult Wuchereria bancrofti in the scrotal area of men with microfilaremia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90 :55–56.
-
18
Dreyer G, Brandao AC, Amaral F, Medeiros Z, Addiss D, 1996. Detection by ultrasound of living adult Wuchereria bancrofti in the female breast. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 91 :95–96.
-
19
Fox LM, Furness BW, Haser JK, Dardith D, Brissau JM, Milord MD, Lafontant J, Lammie PJ, Beach MJ, 2005. Tolerance and efficacy of combined diethylcarbamazine and albendazole for treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti and intestinal helminth infections in Haitian children. Am J Trop Med Hyg (in press).
-
20
Eberhard ML, Lammie PJ, 1991. Laboratory diagnosis of filariasis. Clin Lab Med 11 :977–1010.
-
21
Dorlands Illustrated Medical Dictionary. 30th Edition. Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA. 98: 703–714. 2003.
-
22
Gray’s Anatomic Basis of Medicine and Surgery. Churchill Livingston, UK, 38th Edition. 1995.
-
23
Marshall WA, Tanner JM, 1968. Growth and physiologic development during adolescence. Annu Rev Med 19 :283–300.
-
24
Möller R, 1980. Arrangement and fine structure of lymphatic vessels in the human spermatic cord. Andrologia 12 :564–576.
-
25
Dondero TJ, Mullin SW, Balasingam S, 1972. Early clinical manifestations in filariasis due to Brugia malayi: observations on experimental infections in man. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 3 :569–575.
-
26
King BG, 1944. Early filariasis diagnosis and clinical findings: a report of 268 cases in American troops. Am J Trop Med 24 :285–298.
-
27
Bosshardt SC, Coleman SU, Thompson DL Jr, Klei TR, 1991. Altered adult worm location in young male jirds infected with Brugia pahangi.J Parasitol 77 :631–633.
-
28
Dreyer G, Amaral F, Noroes J, Medeiros Z, 1994. Ultrasonographic evidence for stability of adult worm location in bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :558.
-
29
Dreyer G, Addiss D, Roberts J, Noroes J, 2002. Progression of lymphatic vessel dilatation in the presence of living adult Wuchereria bancrofti.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96 :157–161.
-
30
Mathieu E, Lammie PJ, Radday J, Montilus W, Beach MJ, Streit T, Wendt J, Addiss DG, 2004. Factors associated with participation in a campaign of mass treatment against lymphatic filariasis in Leogane, Haiti. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 98 :703–714.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 13 | 13 | 2 |
| Full Text Views | 207 | 74 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 35 | 13 | 0 |