Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Gubler DJ, 2002. The global emergence/resurgence of arboviral diseases as public health problems. Arch Med Res 33 :330–342.
-
2
Barrett AD, Monath TP, 2003. Epidemiology and ecology of yellow fever virus. Adv Virus Res 61 :291–315.
-
3
Hardy JL, 1988. Susceptibility and resistance of vector mosquitoes. Monath TP, ed. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 87–126.
-
4
Woodring JL, Higgs S, Beaty BJ, 1996. Natural cycles of vector-borne pathogens. Beaty BJ, Marquardt WC, eds. The Biology of Disease Vectors. Niwot, CO: University Press of Colorado, 51–72.
-
5
Bennett KE, Olson KE, Munoz Mde L, Fernandez-Salas I, Farfan-Ale JA, Higgs S, Black WCT, Beaty BJ, 2002. Variation in vector competence for dengue 2 virus among 24 collections of Aedes aegypti from Mexico and the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :85–92.
-
6
Gubler DJ, Nalim S, Tan R, Saipan H, Sulianti Saroso J, 1979. Variation in susceptibility to oral infection with dengue viruses among geographic strains of Aedes aegypti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 28 :1045–1052.
-
7
Tabachnick WJ, Wallis GP, Aitken TH, Miller BR, Amato GD, Lorenz L, Powell JR, Beaty BJ, 1985. Oral infection of Aedes aegypti with yellow fever virus: geographic variation and genetic considerations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34 :1219–1224.
-
8
Chambers TJ, Hahn CS, Galler R, Rice CM, 1990. Flavivirus genome organization, expression, and replication. Annu Rev Microbiol 44 :649–688.
-
9
Houng HH, Hritz D, Kanesathasan N, 2000. Quantitative detection of dengue 2 virus using fluorogenic RT-PCR based on 3′-noncoding sequence. J Virol Methods 86 :1–11.
-
10
Callahan JD, Wu SJ, Dion-Schultz A, Mangold BE, Peruski LF, Watts DM, Porter KR, Murphy GR, Suharyono W, King CC, Hayes CG, Temenak JJ, 2001. Development and evaluation of serotype- and group-specific fluorogenic reverse transcriptase PCR (TaqMan) assays for dengue virus. J Clin Microbiol 39 :4119–4124.
-
11
Armstrong PM, Rico-Hesse R, 2001. Differential susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to infection by the American and Southeast Asian genotypes of dengue type 2 virus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 1 :159–168.
-
12
Drosten C, Gottig S, Schilling S, Asper M, Panning M, Schmitz H, Gunther S, 2002. Rapid detection and quantification of RNA of Ebola and Marburg viruses, Lassa virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. J Clin Microbiol 40 :2323–2330.
-
13
Libraty DH, Pichyangkul S, Ajariyakhajorn C, Endy TP, Ennis FA, 2001. Human dendritic cells are activated by dengue virus infection: enhancement by gamma interferon and implications for disease pathogenesis. J Virol 75 :3501–3508.
-
14
Wang WK, Sung TL, Tsai YC, Kao CL, Chang SM, King CC, 2002. Detection of dengue virus replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from dengue virus type 2-infected patients by a reverse transcription-real-time PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 40 :4472–4478.
-
15
Armstrong PM, Rico-Hesse R, 2003. Efficiency of dengue sero-type 2 virus strains to infect and disseminate in Aedes aegypti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :539–544.
-
16
Barth OM, Schatzmayr HG, 1992. Brazilian dengue virus type 1 replication in mosquito cell cultures. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 87 :1–7.
-
17
Hase T, Summers PL, Eckels KH, 1989. Flavivirus entry into cultured mosquito cells and human peripheral blood monocytes. Arch Virol 104 :129–143.
-
18
Ludwig GV, Israel BA, Christensen BM, Yuill TM, Schultz KT, 1991. Role of La Crosse virus glycoproteins in attachment of virus to host cells. Virology 181 :564–571.
-
19
Ludwig GV, Christensen BM, Yuill TM, Schultz KT, 1989. Enzyme processing of La Crosse virus glycoprotein G1: a bunyavirus-vector infection model. Virology 171 :108–113.
-
20
Mertens PP, Burroughs JN, Walton A, Wellby MP, Fu H, O’Hara RS, Brookes SM, Mellor PS, 1996. Enhanced infectivity of modified bluetongue virus particles for two insect cell lines and for two Culicoides vector species. Virology 217 :582–593.
-
21
Xu G, Wilson W, Mecham J, Murphy K, Zhou EM, Tabachnick W, 1997. VP7: an attachment protein of bluetongue virus for cellular receptors in Culicoides variipennis. J Gen Virol 78 :1617–1623.
-
22
Noriega FG, Wells MA, 1999. A molecular view of trypsin synthesis in the midgut of Aedes aegypti. J Insect Physiol 45 :613–620.
-
23
Klowden MJ, 1987. Distention-mediated egg maturation in the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. J Insect Physiol 33 :83–87.
-
24
Barillas-Mury CV, Noriega FG, Wells MA, 1995. Early trypsin activity is part of the signal transduction system that activates transcription of the late trypsin gene in the midgut of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 25 :241–246.
-
25
Deubel V, Kinney RM, Trent DW, 1986. Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the structural proteins of dengue type 2 virus, Jamaica genotype. Virology 155 :365–377.
-
26
Schoepp RJ, Beaty BJ, Eckels KH, 1990. Dengue 3 virus infection of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti: comparison of parent and progeny candidate vaccine viruses. Am J Trop Med Hyg 42 :89–96.
-
27
Laue T, Emmerich P, Schmitz H, 1999. Detection of dengue virus RNA in patients after primary or secondary dengue infection by using the TaqMan automated amplification system. J Clin Microbiol 37 :2543–2547.
-
28
Henchal EA, McCown JM, Burke DS, Seguin MC, Brandt WE, 1985. Epitopic analysis of antigenic determinants on the surface of dengue-2 virions using monoclonal antibodies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34 :162–169.
-
29
Roehrig JT, Bolin RA, Kelly RG, 1998. Monoclonal antibody mapping of the envelope glycoprotein of the dengue 2 virus, Jamaica. Virology 246 :317–328.
-
30
Graf R, Binz H, Briegel H, 1988. Monoclonal antiboides as probes for Aedes aegypti trypsin. Insect Biochem 18 :463–470.
-
31
Vaughan G, Olivera H, Santos-Argumedo L, Landa A, Briseno B, Escobar-Gutierrez A, 2002. Dengue virus replicative intermediate RNA detection by reverse transcription-PCR. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 9 :198–200.
-
32
Liu HS, Lin YL, Chen CC, 1997. Comparison of various methods of detection of different forms of dengue virus type 2 RNA in cultured cells. Acta Virol 41 :317–324.
-
33
Cleaves GR, Ryan TE, Schlesinger RW, 1981. Identification and characterization of type 2 dengue virus replicative intermediate and replicative form RNAs. Virology 111 :73–83.
-
34
Westaway EG, Mackenzie JM, Khromykh AA, 2003. Kunjin RNA replication and applications of Kunjin replicons. Adv Virus Res 59 :99–140.
-
35
Kramer LD, Hardy JL, Presser SB, Houk EJ, 1981. Dissemination barriers for western equine encephalomyelitis virus in Culex tarsalis infected after ingestion of low viral doses. Am J Trop Med Hyg 30 :190–197.
-
36
Lamotte LC Jr, 1960. Japanese B encephalitis virus in the organs of infected mosquitoes. Am J Hyg 72 :73–87.
-
37
Bertram DS, Bird RG, 1961. Studies on mosquito-borne viruses in their vectors. I. The normal fine structure of the midgut epithelium of the adult female Aedes aegypti (L.) and the functional significance of its modification following a blood meal. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 55 :404–423.
-
38
Rudin W, Hecker H, 1979. Functional morphology of the midgut of Aedes aegypti L. (Insecta, Diptera) during blood digestion. Cell Tissue Res 200 :193–203.
-
39
Sanders HR, Evans AM, Ross LS, Gill SS, 2003. Blood meal induces global changes in midgut gene expression in the disease vector, Aedes aegypti. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 33 :1105–1122.
-
40
Harrington LC, Edman JD, Scott TW, 2001. Why do female Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) feed preferentially and frequently on human blood? J Med Entomol 38 :411–422.
-
41
Bosio CF, Fulton RE, Salasek ML, Beaty BJ, Black WCt, 2000. Quantitative trait loci that control vector competence for dengue-2 virus in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Genetics 156 :687–698.
-
42
Briegel H, Lea AO, 1975. Relationship between protein and proteolytic activity in the midgut of mosquitoes. J Insect Physiol 21 :1597–1604.
-
43
Gooding RH, 1966. In vitro properties of proteinases in the mid-gut of adult Aedes aegypti L. and Culex fatigans (Wiedemann). Comp Biochem Physiol 17 :115–127.
-
44
Randolph VB, Winkler G, Stollar V, 1990. Acidotropic amines inhibit proteolytic processing of flavivirus prM protein. Virology 174 :450–458.
-
45
Guirakhoo F, Heinz FX, Mandl CW, Holzmann H, Kunz C, 1991. Fusion activity of flaviviruses: comparison of mature and immature (prM-containing) tick-borne encephalitis virions. J Gen Virol 72 :1323–1329.
-
46
Heinz FX, Auer G, Stiasny K, Holzmann H, Mandl C, Guirakhoo F, Kunz C, 1994. The interactions of the flavivirus envelope proteins: implications for virus entry and release. Arch Virol Suppl 9 :339–348.
-
47
Stadler K, Allison SL, Schalich J, Heinz FX, 1997. Proteolytic activation of tick-borne encephalitis virus by furin. J Virol 71 :8475–8481.
-
48
Elshuber S, Allison SL, Heinz FX, Mandl CW, 2003. Cleavage of protein prM is necessary for infection of BHK-21 cells by tick-borne encephalitis virus. J Gen Virol 84 :183–191.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 42 | 42 | 16 |
| Full Text Views | 421 | 93 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 188 | 41 | 0 |
EFFECT OF MOSQUITO MIDGUT TRYPSIN ACTIVITY ON DENGUE-2 VIRUS INFECTION AND DISSEMINATION IN AEDES AEGYPTI
ALVARO MOLINA-CRUZ
ALVARO MOLINA-CRUZ
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, and the Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, Medical Entomology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
Search for other papers by ALVARO MOLINA-CRUZ in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by ALVARO MOLINA-CRUZ in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
LALITA GUPTA
LALITA GUPTA
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, and the Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, Medical Entomology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
Search for other papers by LALITA GUPTA in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by LALITA GUPTA in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
JASON RICHARDSON
JASON RICHARDSON
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, and the Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, Medical Entomology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
Search for other papers by JASON RICHARDSON in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by JASON RICHARDSON in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
KRISTINE BENNETT
KRISTINE BENNETT
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, and the Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, Medical Entomology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
Search for other papers by KRISTINE BENNETT in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by KRISTINE BENNETT in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
WILLIAM BLACK IV
WILLIAM BLACK IV
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, and the Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, Medical Entomology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
Search for other papers by WILLIAM BLACK IV in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by WILLIAM BLACK IV in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
CAROLINA BARILLAS-MURY
CAROLINA BARILLAS-MURY
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, and the Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, Medical Entomology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
Search for other papers by CAROLINA BARILLAS-MURY in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by CAROLINA BARILLAS-MURY in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
The effect of mosquito midgut trypsins in dengue serotype 2 flavivirus (DENV-2) infectivity to Aedes aegypti was studied. Addition of soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) in a DENV-2 infectious blood meal resulted in a 91–97% decrease in midgut DENV-2 RNA copies (qRT-PCR analysis). STI treatment also resulted in slower DENV-2 replication in the midgut, less DENV-2 E protein expression, and decreased dissemination to the thorax and the head. A second uninfected blood meal, 7 days after the STI-treated infectious meal, significantly increased DENV-2 replication in the midgut and recovered oogenesis, suggesting that the lower viral infection caused by STI was in part due to a nutritional effect. Mosquitoes fed DENV-2 digested in vitro with bovine trypsin (before STI addition) exhibited a transient increase in midgut DENV-2 4 days postinfection. Blood digestion and possibly DENV-2 proteolytic processing, mediated by midgut trypsins, influence the rate of DENV-2 infection, replication, and dissemination in Ae. aegypti.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Gubler DJ, 2002. The global emergence/resurgence of arboviral diseases as public health problems. Arch Med Res 33 :330–342.
-
2
Barrett AD, Monath TP, 2003. Epidemiology and ecology of yellow fever virus. Adv Virus Res 61 :291–315.
-
3
Hardy JL, 1988. Susceptibility and resistance of vector mosquitoes. Monath TP, ed. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 87–126.
-
4
Woodring JL, Higgs S, Beaty BJ, 1996. Natural cycles of vector-borne pathogens. Beaty BJ, Marquardt WC, eds. The Biology of Disease Vectors. Niwot, CO: University Press of Colorado, 51–72.
-
5
Bennett KE, Olson KE, Munoz Mde L, Fernandez-Salas I, Farfan-Ale JA, Higgs S, Black WCT, Beaty BJ, 2002. Variation in vector competence for dengue 2 virus among 24 collections of Aedes aegypti from Mexico and the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :85–92.
-
6
Gubler DJ, Nalim S, Tan R, Saipan H, Sulianti Saroso J, 1979. Variation in susceptibility to oral infection with dengue viruses among geographic strains of Aedes aegypti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 28 :1045–1052.
-
7
Tabachnick WJ, Wallis GP, Aitken TH, Miller BR, Amato GD, Lorenz L, Powell JR, Beaty BJ, 1985. Oral infection of Aedes aegypti with yellow fever virus: geographic variation and genetic considerations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34 :1219–1224.
-
8
Chambers TJ, Hahn CS, Galler R, Rice CM, 1990. Flavivirus genome organization, expression, and replication. Annu Rev Microbiol 44 :649–688.
-
9
Houng HH, Hritz D, Kanesathasan N, 2000. Quantitative detection of dengue 2 virus using fluorogenic RT-PCR based on 3′-noncoding sequence. J Virol Methods 86 :1–11.
-
10
Callahan JD, Wu SJ, Dion-Schultz A, Mangold BE, Peruski LF, Watts DM, Porter KR, Murphy GR, Suharyono W, King CC, Hayes CG, Temenak JJ, 2001. Development and evaluation of serotype- and group-specific fluorogenic reverse transcriptase PCR (TaqMan) assays for dengue virus. J Clin Microbiol 39 :4119–4124.
-
11
Armstrong PM, Rico-Hesse R, 2001. Differential susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to infection by the American and Southeast Asian genotypes of dengue type 2 virus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 1 :159–168.
-
12
Drosten C, Gottig S, Schilling S, Asper M, Panning M, Schmitz H, Gunther S, 2002. Rapid detection and quantification of RNA of Ebola and Marburg viruses, Lassa virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. J Clin Microbiol 40 :2323–2330.
-
13
Libraty DH, Pichyangkul S, Ajariyakhajorn C, Endy TP, Ennis FA, 2001. Human dendritic cells are activated by dengue virus infection: enhancement by gamma interferon and implications for disease pathogenesis. J Virol 75 :3501–3508.
-
14
Wang WK, Sung TL, Tsai YC, Kao CL, Chang SM, King CC, 2002. Detection of dengue virus replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from dengue virus type 2-infected patients by a reverse transcription-real-time PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 40 :4472–4478.
-
15
Armstrong PM, Rico-Hesse R, 2003. Efficiency of dengue sero-type 2 virus strains to infect and disseminate in Aedes aegypti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :539–544.
-
16
Barth OM, Schatzmayr HG, 1992. Brazilian dengue virus type 1 replication in mosquito cell cultures. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 87 :1–7.
-
17
Hase T, Summers PL, Eckels KH, 1989. Flavivirus entry into cultured mosquito cells and human peripheral blood monocytes. Arch Virol 104 :129–143.
-
18
Ludwig GV, Israel BA, Christensen BM, Yuill TM, Schultz KT, 1991. Role of La Crosse virus glycoproteins in attachment of virus to host cells. Virology 181 :564–571.
-
19
Ludwig GV, Christensen BM, Yuill TM, Schultz KT, 1989. Enzyme processing of La Crosse virus glycoprotein G1: a bunyavirus-vector infection model. Virology 171 :108–113.
-
20
Mertens PP, Burroughs JN, Walton A, Wellby MP, Fu H, O’Hara RS, Brookes SM, Mellor PS, 1996. Enhanced infectivity of modified bluetongue virus particles for two insect cell lines and for two Culicoides vector species. Virology 217 :582–593.
-
21
Xu G, Wilson W, Mecham J, Murphy K, Zhou EM, Tabachnick W, 1997. VP7: an attachment protein of bluetongue virus for cellular receptors in Culicoides variipennis. J Gen Virol 78 :1617–1623.
-
22
Noriega FG, Wells MA, 1999. A molecular view of trypsin synthesis in the midgut of Aedes aegypti. J Insect Physiol 45 :613–620.
-
23
Klowden MJ, 1987. Distention-mediated egg maturation in the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. J Insect Physiol 33 :83–87.
-
24
Barillas-Mury CV, Noriega FG, Wells MA, 1995. Early trypsin activity is part of the signal transduction system that activates transcription of the late trypsin gene in the midgut of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 25 :241–246.
-
25
Deubel V, Kinney RM, Trent DW, 1986. Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the structural proteins of dengue type 2 virus, Jamaica genotype. Virology 155 :365–377.
-
26
Schoepp RJ, Beaty BJ, Eckels KH, 1990. Dengue 3 virus infection of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti: comparison of parent and progeny candidate vaccine viruses. Am J Trop Med Hyg 42 :89–96.
-
27
Laue T, Emmerich P, Schmitz H, 1999. Detection of dengue virus RNA in patients after primary or secondary dengue infection by using the TaqMan automated amplification system. J Clin Microbiol 37 :2543–2547.
-
28
Henchal EA, McCown JM, Burke DS, Seguin MC, Brandt WE, 1985. Epitopic analysis of antigenic determinants on the surface of dengue-2 virions using monoclonal antibodies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34 :162–169.
-
29
Roehrig JT, Bolin RA, Kelly RG, 1998. Monoclonal antibody mapping of the envelope glycoprotein of the dengue 2 virus, Jamaica. Virology 246 :317–328.
-
30
Graf R, Binz H, Briegel H, 1988. Monoclonal antiboides as probes for Aedes aegypti trypsin. Insect Biochem 18 :463–470.
-
31
Vaughan G, Olivera H, Santos-Argumedo L, Landa A, Briseno B, Escobar-Gutierrez A, 2002. Dengue virus replicative intermediate RNA detection by reverse transcription-PCR. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 9 :198–200.
-
32
Liu HS, Lin YL, Chen CC, 1997. Comparison of various methods of detection of different forms of dengue virus type 2 RNA in cultured cells. Acta Virol 41 :317–324.
-
33
Cleaves GR, Ryan TE, Schlesinger RW, 1981. Identification and characterization of type 2 dengue virus replicative intermediate and replicative form RNAs. Virology 111 :73–83.
-
34
Westaway EG, Mackenzie JM, Khromykh AA, 2003. Kunjin RNA replication and applications of Kunjin replicons. Adv Virus Res 59 :99–140.
-
35
Kramer LD, Hardy JL, Presser SB, Houk EJ, 1981. Dissemination barriers for western equine encephalomyelitis virus in Culex tarsalis infected after ingestion of low viral doses. Am J Trop Med Hyg 30 :190–197.
-
36
Lamotte LC Jr, 1960. Japanese B encephalitis virus in the organs of infected mosquitoes. Am J Hyg 72 :73–87.
-
37
Bertram DS, Bird RG, 1961. Studies on mosquito-borne viruses in their vectors. I. The normal fine structure of the midgut epithelium of the adult female Aedes aegypti (L.) and the functional significance of its modification following a blood meal. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 55 :404–423.
-
38
Rudin W, Hecker H, 1979. Functional morphology of the midgut of Aedes aegypti L. (Insecta, Diptera) during blood digestion. Cell Tissue Res 200 :193–203.
-
39
Sanders HR, Evans AM, Ross LS, Gill SS, 2003. Blood meal induces global changes in midgut gene expression in the disease vector, Aedes aegypti. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 33 :1105–1122.
-
40
Harrington LC, Edman JD, Scott TW, 2001. Why do female Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) feed preferentially and frequently on human blood? J Med Entomol 38 :411–422.
-
41
Bosio CF, Fulton RE, Salasek ML, Beaty BJ, Black WCt, 2000. Quantitative trait loci that control vector competence for dengue-2 virus in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Genetics 156 :687–698.
-
42
Briegel H, Lea AO, 1975. Relationship between protein and proteolytic activity in the midgut of mosquitoes. J Insect Physiol 21 :1597–1604.
-
43
Gooding RH, 1966. In vitro properties of proteinases in the mid-gut of adult Aedes aegypti L. and Culex fatigans (Wiedemann). Comp Biochem Physiol 17 :115–127.
-
44
Randolph VB, Winkler G, Stollar V, 1990. Acidotropic amines inhibit proteolytic processing of flavivirus prM protein. Virology 174 :450–458.
-
45
Guirakhoo F, Heinz FX, Mandl CW, Holzmann H, Kunz C, 1991. Fusion activity of flaviviruses: comparison of mature and immature (prM-containing) tick-borne encephalitis virions. J Gen Virol 72 :1323–1329.
-
46
Heinz FX, Auer G, Stiasny K, Holzmann H, Mandl C, Guirakhoo F, Kunz C, 1994. The interactions of the flavivirus envelope proteins: implications for virus entry and release. Arch Virol Suppl 9 :339–348.
-
47
Stadler K, Allison SL, Schalich J, Heinz FX, 1997. Proteolytic activation of tick-borne encephalitis virus by furin. J Virol 71 :8475–8481.
-
48
Elshuber S, Allison SL, Heinz FX, Mandl CW, 2003. Cleavage of protein prM is necessary for infection of BHK-21 cells by tick-borne encephalitis virus. J Gen Virol 84 :183–191.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 42 | 42 | 16 |
| Full Text Views | 421 | 93 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 188 | 41 | 0 |