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-
1
Britton WJ, Lockwood DN, 2004. Leprosy. Lancet 363 :1209ā1219.
-
3
Mellin G, Kalzenstein M, 1962. The saga of thalidomide: neuropathy to embryopathy with case reports of congenital anomalies. New Engl J Med 267 :1184ā1244.
-
4
Sheskin J, 1965. Thalidomide in the treatment of lepra reactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 6 :303ā306.
-
5
Hastings RC, Trautman JR, Enna CD, Jacobson RR, 1970. Thalidomide in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum. With a note on selected laboratory abnormalities in erythema nodosum leprosum. Clin Pharmacol Ther 11 :481ā487.
-
6
Iyer CG, Languillon J, Ramanujam K, Tarabini-Castellani G, Delas-Aguas JT, Bechelli LM, Uemura K, Martinez-Dominguez V, Sundaresan T, 1971. WHO co-ordinated short-term double-blind trial with thalidomide in the treatment of acute lepra reactions in male lepromatous patients. Bull World Health Organ 45 :719ā732.
-
7
Pearson JM, Vedagiri M, 1969. Treatment of moderately severe erythema nodosum leprosum with thalidomideāa double-blind controlled trial. Lepr Rev 40 :111ā116.
-
8
Sheskin J, Convit J, 1969. Results of a double blind study of the influence of thalidomide on the lepra reaction. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 37 :135ā146.
-
9
Waters MF, 1971. An internally-controlled double blind trial of thalidomide in severe erythema nodosum leprosum. Lepr Rev 42 :26ā42.
-
10
Stirling DI, 1998. Thalidomide and its impact in dermatology. Semin Cutan Med Surg 17 :231ā242.
-
11
Sheskin J, 1980. The treatment of lepra reaction in lepromatous leprosy. Fifteen yearsā experience with thalidomide. Int J Dermatol 19 :318ā322.
-
12
Dredge K, Marriott JB, Dalgleish AG, 2002. Immunological effects of thalidomide and its chemical and functional analogs. Crit Rev Immunol 22 :425ā437.
-
13
Varricchio F, Iskander J, Destefano F, Ball R, Pless R, Braun MM, Chen RT, 2004. Understanding vaccine safety information from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. Pediatr Infect Dis J 23 :287ā294.
-
14
Pichyangkul S, Yongvanitchit K, Kumarb U, Krieg AM, Heppner DG, Walsh DS, 2001. Whole blood cultures to assess the immunostimulatory activities of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. J Immunol Methods 247 :83ā94.
-
15
Brown AE, Webster HK, Teja-Isavadharm P, Keeratithakul D, 1990. Macrophage activation in falciparum malaria as measured by neopterin and interferon-gamma. Clin Exp Immunol 82 :97ā101.
-
16
Cellona RV, Balagon MF, dela Cruz EC, Burgos JA, Abalos RM, Walsh GP, Topolski R, Gelber RH, Walsh DS, 2003. Long-term efficacy of 2 year WHO multiple drug therapy (MDT) in multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 71 :308ā319.
-
17
Villahermosa LG, Fajardo TT Jr, Abalos RM, Cellona RV, Balagon MV, dela Cruz EC, Tan EV, Walsh GP, Walsh DS, 2004. Parallel assessment of 24 monthly doses of rifampin, ofloxacin, and minocycline versus two years of World Health Organization multi-drug therapy for multi-bacillary leprosy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :197ā200.
-
18
Cazort RJ, Ye Kun S, 1966. A trial of thalidomide in progressive lepra reactions. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 8 :299ā311.
-
19
Levy L, Fasal P, Levan NE, Freedman RI, 1973. Treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum with thalidomide. Lancet 2 :324ā325.
-
20
Williams I, Weller IV, Malni A, Anderson J, Waters MF, 1991. Thalidomide hypersensitivity in AIDS. Lancet 337 :436ā437.
-
21
Rea TH, 2001. Decreases in mean hemoglobin and serum albumin values in erythema nodosum leprosum and lepromatous leprosy. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 69 :318ā327.
-
22
Rea TH, 2002. Elevated platelet counts and thrombocytosis in erythema nodosum leprosum. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 70 :167ā173.
-
23
Somers GF, 1960. Pharmacological properties of thalidomide (alpha-phthalimido glutarimide), a new sedative hypnotic drug. Br Pharm Chemother 15 :111ā116.
-
24
Sampaio EP, Kaplan G, Miranda A, Nery JA, Miguel CP, Viana SM, Sarno EN, 1993. The influence of thalidomide on the clinical and immunologic manifestation of erythema nodosum leprosum. J Infect Dis 168 :408ā414.
-
25
Sampaio EP, Moreira AL, Sarno EN, Malta AM, Kaplan G, 1992. Prolonged treatment with recombinant interferon gamma induces erythema nodosum leprosum in lepromatous leprosy patients. J Exp Med 175 :1729ā1737.
-
26
Moreira AL, Kaplan G, Villahermosa LG, Fajardo TJ, Abalos RM, Cellona RV, Balagon MV, Tan EV, Walsh GP, 1998. Comparison of pentoxifylline, thalidomide and prednisone in the treatment of ENL. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 66 :61ā65.
-
27
Hamerlinck FF, Klatser PR, Walsh DS, Bos JD, Walsh GP, Faber WR, 1999. Serum neopterin as a marker for reactional states in leprosy. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 24 :405ā409.
-
28
Haslett PA, Corral LG, Albert M, Kaplan G, 1998. Thalidomide costimulates primary human T lymphocytes, preferentially inducing proliferation, cytokine production, and cytotoxic responses in the CD8+ subset. J Exp Med 187 :1885ā1892.
-
29
Shannon EJ, Sandoval F, 1995. Thalidomide increases the synthesis of IL-2 in cultures of human mononuclear cells stimulated with concanavalin-A, staphylococcal enterotoxin A, and purified protein derivative. Immunopharmacology 31 :109ā116.
-
30
Marriott JB, Dredge K, Dalgleish AG, 2003. Thalidomide derived immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) as potential therapeutic agents. Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord 3 :181ā186.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 29 | 29 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 330 | 92 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 124 | 22 | 0 |
A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, DOUBLE-DUMMY, CONTROLLED DOSE COMPARISON OF THALIDOMIDE FOR TREATMENT OF ERYTHEMA NODOSUM LEPROSUM
LAARNI G. VILLAHERMOSA
LAARNI G. VILLAHERMOSA
Leonard Wood Memorial Center for Leprosy Research (American Leprosy Foundation) Cebu City, The Philippines; Statistics Collaborative, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia; Celgene Corporation, Warren, New Jersey; Salamandra, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland; Dermatology Service, Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, Georgia
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TRANQUILINO T. FAJARDO JR
TRANQUILINO T. FAJARDO JR
Leonard Wood Memorial Center for Leprosy Research (American Leprosy Foundation) Cebu City, The Philippines; Statistics Collaborative, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia; Celgene Corporation, Warren, New Jersey; Salamandra, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland; Dermatology Service, Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, Georgia
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RODOLFO M. ABALOS
RODOLFO M. ABALOS
Leonard Wood Memorial Center for Leprosy Research (American Leprosy Foundation) Cebu City, The Philippines; Statistics Collaborative, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia; Celgene Corporation, Warren, New Jersey; Salamandra, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland; Dermatology Service, Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, Georgia
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MARIA V. BALAGON
MARIA V. BALAGON
Leonard Wood Memorial Center for Leprosy Research (American Leprosy Foundation) Cebu City, The Philippines; Statistics Collaborative, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia; Celgene Corporation, Warren, New Jersey; Salamandra, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland; Dermatology Service, Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, Georgia
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ESTERLINA V. TAN
ESTERLINA V. TAN
Leonard Wood Memorial Center for Leprosy Research (American Leprosy Foundation) Cebu City, The Philippines; Statistics Collaborative, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia; Celgene Corporation, Warren, New Jersey; Salamandra, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland; Dermatology Service, Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, Georgia
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ROLAND V. CELLONA
ROLAND V. CELLONA
Leonard Wood Memorial Center for Leprosy Research (American Leprosy Foundation) Cebu City, The Philippines; Statistics Collaborative, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia; Celgene Corporation, Warren, New Jersey; Salamandra, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland; Dermatology Service, Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, Georgia
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JEFFREY P. PALMER
JEFFREY P. PALMER
Leonard Wood Memorial Center for Leprosy Research (American Leprosy Foundation) Cebu City, The Philippines; Statistics Collaborative, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia; Celgene Corporation, Warren, New Jersey; Salamandra, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland; Dermatology Service, Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, Georgia
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JANET WITTES
JANET WITTES
Leonard Wood Memorial Center for Leprosy Research (American Leprosy Foundation) Cebu City, The Philippines; Statistics Collaborative, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia; Celgene Corporation, Warren, New Jersey; Salamandra, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland; Dermatology Service, Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, Georgia
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STEVEN D. THOMAS
STEVEN D. THOMAS
Leonard Wood Memorial Center for Leprosy Research (American Leprosy Foundation) Cebu City, The Philippines; Statistics Collaborative, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia; Celgene Corporation, Warren, New Jersey; Salamandra, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland; Dermatology Service, Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, Georgia
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KARIN A. KOOK
KARIN A. KOOK
Leonard Wood Memorial Center for Leprosy Research (American Leprosy Foundation) Cebu City, The Philippines; Statistics Collaborative, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia; Celgene Corporation, Warren, New Jersey; Salamandra, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland; Dermatology Service, Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, Georgia
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GERALD P. WALSH
GERALD P. WALSH
Leonard Wood Memorial Center for Leprosy Research (American Leprosy Foundation) Cebu City, The Philippines; Statistics Collaborative, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia; Celgene Corporation, Warren, New Jersey; Salamandra, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland; Dermatology Service, Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, Georgia
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DOUGLAS S. WALSH
DOUGLAS S. WALSH
Leonard Wood Memorial Center for Leprosy Research (American Leprosy Foundation) Cebu City, The Philippines; Statistics Collaborative, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia; Celgene Corporation, Warren, New Jersey; Salamandra, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland; Dermatology Service, Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, Georgia
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In a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy controlled study, 22 men with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) received six capsules containing either 100 mg (group A, n = 12) or 300 mg (group B, n = 10) of thalidomide daily for one week. A six-week, four capsules per day taper followed, in which group A received 50 mg/day of thalidomide in weeks 2 and 3, then dummy capsules in weeks 4 through 7, while group B had gradual decrements every two weeks. Both regimens caused comparable improvement in 19 patients at day 7 (group A [12 of 12] versus group B [7 of 10]; P = 0.08), but slower tapering in group B showed less re-emergence of ENL through week 7 (P = 0.02, versus group A). Most patients developed new lesions soon after stopping treatment. Slower tapering from a higher initial thalidomide dose may improve clinical ENL responses, but high recurrence rates after discontinuation indicates further assessment is needed to identify better tapering regimens.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Britton WJ, Lockwood DN, 2004. Leprosy. Lancet 363 :1209ā1219.
-
3
Mellin G, Kalzenstein M, 1962. The saga of thalidomide: neuropathy to embryopathy with case reports of congenital anomalies. New Engl J Med 267 :1184ā1244.
-
4
Sheskin J, 1965. Thalidomide in the treatment of lepra reactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 6 :303ā306.
-
5
Hastings RC, Trautman JR, Enna CD, Jacobson RR, 1970. Thalidomide in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum. With a note on selected laboratory abnormalities in erythema nodosum leprosum. Clin Pharmacol Ther 11 :481ā487.
-
6
Iyer CG, Languillon J, Ramanujam K, Tarabini-Castellani G, Delas-Aguas JT, Bechelli LM, Uemura K, Martinez-Dominguez V, Sundaresan T, 1971. WHO co-ordinated short-term double-blind trial with thalidomide in the treatment of acute lepra reactions in male lepromatous patients. Bull World Health Organ 45 :719ā732.
-
7
Pearson JM, Vedagiri M, 1969. Treatment of moderately severe erythema nodosum leprosum with thalidomideāa double-blind controlled trial. Lepr Rev 40 :111ā116.
-
8
Sheskin J, Convit J, 1969. Results of a double blind study of the influence of thalidomide on the lepra reaction. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 37 :135ā146.
-
9
Waters MF, 1971. An internally-controlled double blind trial of thalidomide in severe erythema nodosum leprosum. Lepr Rev 42 :26ā42.
-
10
Stirling DI, 1998. Thalidomide and its impact in dermatology. Semin Cutan Med Surg 17 :231ā242.
-
11
Sheskin J, 1980. The treatment of lepra reaction in lepromatous leprosy. Fifteen yearsā experience with thalidomide. Int J Dermatol 19 :318ā322.
-
12
Dredge K, Marriott JB, Dalgleish AG, 2002. Immunological effects of thalidomide and its chemical and functional analogs. Crit Rev Immunol 22 :425ā437.
-
13
Varricchio F, Iskander J, Destefano F, Ball R, Pless R, Braun MM, Chen RT, 2004. Understanding vaccine safety information from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. Pediatr Infect Dis J 23 :287ā294.
-
14
Pichyangkul S, Yongvanitchit K, Kumarb U, Krieg AM, Heppner DG, Walsh DS, 2001. Whole blood cultures to assess the immunostimulatory activities of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. J Immunol Methods 247 :83ā94.
-
15
Brown AE, Webster HK, Teja-Isavadharm P, Keeratithakul D, 1990. Macrophage activation in falciparum malaria as measured by neopterin and interferon-gamma. Clin Exp Immunol 82 :97ā101.
-
16
Cellona RV, Balagon MF, dela Cruz EC, Burgos JA, Abalos RM, Walsh GP, Topolski R, Gelber RH, Walsh DS, 2003. Long-term efficacy of 2 year WHO multiple drug therapy (MDT) in multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 71 :308ā319.
-
17
Villahermosa LG, Fajardo TT Jr, Abalos RM, Cellona RV, Balagon MV, dela Cruz EC, Tan EV, Walsh GP, Walsh DS, 2004. Parallel assessment of 24 monthly doses of rifampin, ofloxacin, and minocycline versus two years of World Health Organization multi-drug therapy for multi-bacillary leprosy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :197ā200.
-
18
Cazort RJ, Ye Kun S, 1966. A trial of thalidomide in progressive lepra reactions. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 8 :299ā311.
-
19
Levy L, Fasal P, Levan NE, Freedman RI, 1973. Treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum with thalidomide. Lancet 2 :324ā325.
-
20
Williams I, Weller IV, Malni A, Anderson J, Waters MF, 1991. Thalidomide hypersensitivity in AIDS. Lancet 337 :436ā437.
-
21
Rea TH, 2001. Decreases in mean hemoglobin and serum albumin values in erythema nodosum leprosum and lepromatous leprosy. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 69 :318ā327.
-
22
Rea TH, 2002. Elevated platelet counts and thrombocytosis in erythema nodosum leprosum. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 70 :167ā173.
-
23
Somers GF, 1960. Pharmacological properties of thalidomide (alpha-phthalimido glutarimide), a new sedative hypnotic drug. Br Pharm Chemother 15 :111ā116.
-
24
Sampaio EP, Kaplan G, Miranda A, Nery JA, Miguel CP, Viana SM, Sarno EN, 1993. The influence of thalidomide on the clinical and immunologic manifestation of erythema nodosum leprosum. J Infect Dis 168 :408ā414.
-
25
Sampaio EP, Moreira AL, Sarno EN, Malta AM, Kaplan G, 1992. Prolonged treatment with recombinant interferon gamma induces erythema nodosum leprosum in lepromatous leprosy patients. J Exp Med 175 :1729ā1737.
-
26
Moreira AL, Kaplan G, Villahermosa LG, Fajardo TJ, Abalos RM, Cellona RV, Balagon MV, Tan EV, Walsh GP, 1998. Comparison of pentoxifylline, thalidomide and prednisone in the treatment of ENL. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 66 :61ā65.
-
27
Hamerlinck FF, Klatser PR, Walsh DS, Bos JD, Walsh GP, Faber WR, 1999. Serum neopterin as a marker for reactional states in leprosy. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 24 :405ā409.
-
28
Haslett PA, Corral LG, Albert M, Kaplan G, 1998. Thalidomide costimulates primary human T lymphocytes, preferentially inducing proliferation, cytokine production, and cytotoxic responses in the CD8+ subset. J Exp Med 187 :1885ā1892.
-
29
Shannon EJ, Sandoval F, 1995. Thalidomide increases the synthesis of IL-2 in cultures of human mononuclear cells stimulated with concanavalin-A, staphylococcal enterotoxin A, and purified protein derivative. Immunopharmacology 31 :109ā116.
-
30
Marriott JB, Dredge K, Dalgleish AG, 2003. Thalidomide derived immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) as potential therapeutic agents. Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord 3 :181ā186.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 29 | 29 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 330 | 92 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 124 | 22 | 0 |