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-
1
Hardy JL, Reeves WC, 1990. Experimental studies on infection in vectors. Epidemiology and Control of Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses in California, 1943–1987. Sacramento: California Mosquito and Vector Control Association, 145–253.
-
2
Reeves WC, Hammon WM, 1962. The role of arthropod vectors. Smith CE, Griffiths W, Reeves WC, eds. The Epidemiology of the Arthropod-Borne Viral Encephalitides in Kern County, California, 1943–1952. Volume 4. University of California School of Public Health. Berkeley: University of California Press, 75–108.
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3
Reeves WC, Milby MM, 1990. Natural infection in arthropod vectors. Reeves WC, ed. Epidemiology and Control of Mosquito-borne Arboviruses in California, 1943–1987. Sacramento: California Mosquito and Vector Control Association, 128–144.
-
4
Reisen WK, Lothrop HD, Chiles RE, Madon MB, Cossen C, Woods L, Husted S, Kramer VL, Edman JD, 2004. West Nile virus in California. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 1369–1378.
-
5
Peng Z, Yang M, Simons FE, 1995. Measurement of mosquito Aedes vexans salivary gland-specific IgE and IgG antibodies and the distribution of these antibodies in human sera. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 74 :259–264.
-
6
Schwartz BS, Nadelman RB, Fish D, Childs JE, Forseter G, Wormser GP, 1993. Entomologic and demographic correlates of anti-tick saliva antibody in a prospective study of tick bite subjects in Westchester County, New York. Am J Trop Med Hyg 48 :50–57.
-
7
Lane RS, Moss RB, Hsu YP, Wei T, Meisrow ML, Kuo MM, 1999. Anti-arthropod saliva antibodies among residents of a community at high risk for Lyme disease in California. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :850–859.
-
8
Nascimento RJ, Santana JM, Lozzi SP, Araujo CN, Teixeira AR, 2001. Human IGG1 and IGG4: The main antibodies against Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) salivary gland proteins. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :219–226.
-
9
Trevejo RT, Reisen WK, Yoshimura G, Reeves WC, 2005. Detection of chicken antibodies to Culex tarsalis salivary gland antigen by enzyme immunoassay. J Am Mosq Control Assoc: (in press).
-
10
Selvin S, 1998. Analysis of variance and some other S-function. Modern Applied Biostatistical Methods Using S-Plus. New York: Oxford University Press, 361–409.
-
11
Hui LT, Husted SR, Reisen WK, Myers CM, Asher MS, Kramer VL, 1999. Summary of reported St. Louis encephalitis and western equine encephalomyelitis virus activity in California from 1969–1997. Proc Calif Mosq Vector Control Association 67 :56–66.
-
12
State of California, California Department of Health Services, Vector-Borne Disease Section, 2002. Adult Mosquito Occurrence Report, Weeks 21–31.
-
13
Nelson WA, Bell JF, Clifford CM, Keirans JE, 1977. Interaction of ectoparasites and their hosts. J Med Entomol 13 :389–428.
-
14
Ailus K, Palosuo T, Brummer-Korvenkontio M, Rantanen T, Reunala T, 1985. Demonstration of antibodies to mosquito antigens in man by immunodiffusion and ELISA. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 78 :375–379.
-
15
Reunala T, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Lappalainen P, Rasanen L, Palosuo T, 1990. Immunology and treatment of mosquito bites. Clin Exp Allergy 20 (Suppl 4):19–24.
-
16
Dow RP, Reeves WC, Bellamy RE, 1957. Field tests of avian host preferences of Culex tarsalis Coq. Am J Trop Med Hyg 6 :294–303.
-
17
Edman JD, Webber LA, 1975. Effect of vertebrate size and density on host-selection by caged Culex nigripalpus.Mosq News 35 :508–512.
-
18
Nelson RL, Templis CH, Reeves WC, Milby MM, 1976. Relation of mosquito density to bird:mammal feeding ratios of Culex tarsalis in stable traps. Am J Trop Med Hyg 25 :644–654.
-
19
Reisen WK, Boyce K, Cummings RC, Delgado O, Gutierrez A, Meyer RP, Scott TW, 1999. Comparative effectiveness of three adult mosquito sampling methods in habitats representative of four different biomes of California. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 15 :24–31.
-
20
Reeves WC, Bellamy RE, Scrivani RP, 1961. Differentiation of encephalitis virus infection rates from transmission rates in mosquito vector populations. Am J Hyg 73 :303–315.
-
21
Reeves WC, 1971. Mosquito vector and vertebrate host interaction: The key to maintenance of certain arboviruses. Fallis AM, ed. The Ecology and Physiology of Parasites. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 223–231.
-
22
Olson JG, Reeves WC, Emmons RW, Milby MM, 1979. Correlation of Culex tarsalis population indices with the incidence of St. Louis encephalitis and western equine encephalomyelitis in California. Am J Trop Med Hyg 28 :335–343.
-
23
Bohart RM, Washino RK, 1978. Introduction. Mosquitoes in California. Third edition. Berkeley: Division of Agricultural Sciences, University of California, 1–2.
-
24
Reeves WC, Hammon WM, 1962. The role of arthropod vectors. Smith CE, Griffiths W, Reeves WC, eds. The Epidemiology of the Arthropod-Borne Viral Encephalitides in Kern County, California, 1943–1952. Volume 4. University of California School of Public Health. Berkeley: University of California Press, 75–108.
-
25
Reisen WK, Reeves WC, 1990. Bionomics and ecology of Culex tarsalis and other potential mosquito vector species. Reeves WC, ed. Epidemiology and Control of Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses in California, 1943–1987. Sacramento, CA: California Mosquito and Vector Control Association, 254–329.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 1554 | 1506 | 253 |
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| PDF Downloads | 37 | 8 | 0 |
ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO CULEX TARSALIS SALIVARY GLAND ANTIGENS AMONG SENTINEL CHICKENS IN CALIFORNIA
ROSALIE T. TREVEJO
ROSALIE T. TREVEJO
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
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WILLIAM C. REEVES
WILLIAM C. REEVES
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
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The arboviral surveillance program in California depends in part on sentinel chickens to detect western equine encephalomyelitis virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, and West Nile virus activity. From 2000 through 2002, 1,578 serum specimens from 34 sentinel flocks in northern and southern California were tested for antibodies to Culex tarsalis salivary gland antigens. Sentinel chickens that were seropositive for mosquito salivary gland antigens were more likely to seroconvert to St. Louis encephalitis virus than those seronegative for salivary gland antigens. Flocks with mosquito traps located < 50 feet away had a reduced antibody response to mosquito salivary gland antigens. The use of sentinel chickens and mosquito traps for arboviral surveillance should be standardized to ensure that surveillance data from different sites are comparable and that flocks have comparable opportunities for mosquito exposure. Sentinel chickens should be accessible to potential mosquito vectors to maximize their sensitivity for detecting arboviral activity.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Hardy JL, Reeves WC, 1990. Experimental studies on infection in vectors. Epidemiology and Control of Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses in California, 1943–1987. Sacramento: California Mosquito and Vector Control Association, 145–253.
-
2
Reeves WC, Hammon WM, 1962. The role of arthropod vectors. Smith CE, Griffiths W, Reeves WC, eds. The Epidemiology of the Arthropod-Borne Viral Encephalitides in Kern County, California, 1943–1952. Volume 4. University of California School of Public Health. Berkeley: University of California Press, 75–108.
-
3
Reeves WC, Milby MM, 1990. Natural infection in arthropod vectors. Reeves WC, ed. Epidemiology and Control of Mosquito-borne Arboviruses in California, 1943–1987. Sacramento: California Mosquito and Vector Control Association, 128–144.
-
4
Reisen WK, Lothrop HD, Chiles RE, Madon MB, Cossen C, Woods L, Husted S, Kramer VL, Edman JD, 2004. West Nile virus in California. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 1369–1378.
-
5
Peng Z, Yang M, Simons FE, 1995. Measurement of mosquito Aedes vexans salivary gland-specific IgE and IgG antibodies and the distribution of these antibodies in human sera. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 74 :259–264.
-
6
Schwartz BS, Nadelman RB, Fish D, Childs JE, Forseter G, Wormser GP, 1993. Entomologic and demographic correlates of anti-tick saliva antibody in a prospective study of tick bite subjects in Westchester County, New York. Am J Trop Med Hyg 48 :50–57.
-
7
Lane RS, Moss RB, Hsu YP, Wei T, Meisrow ML, Kuo MM, 1999. Anti-arthropod saliva antibodies among residents of a community at high risk for Lyme disease in California. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :850–859.
-
8
Nascimento RJ, Santana JM, Lozzi SP, Araujo CN, Teixeira AR, 2001. Human IGG1 and IGG4: The main antibodies against Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) salivary gland proteins. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :219–226.
-
9
Trevejo RT, Reisen WK, Yoshimura G, Reeves WC, 2005. Detection of chicken antibodies to Culex tarsalis salivary gland antigen by enzyme immunoassay. J Am Mosq Control Assoc: (in press).
-
10
Selvin S, 1998. Analysis of variance and some other S-function. Modern Applied Biostatistical Methods Using S-Plus. New York: Oxford University Press, 361–409.
-
11
Hui LT, Husted SR, Reisen WK, Myers CM, Asher MS, Kramer VL, 1999. Summary of reported St. Louis encephalitis and western equine encephalomyelitis virus activity in California from 1969–1997. Proc Calif Mosq Vector Control Association 67 :56–66.
-
12
State of California, California Department of Health Services, Vector-Borne Disease Section, 2002. Adult Mosquito Occurrence Report, Weeks 21–31.
-
13
Nelson WA, Bell JF, Clifford CM, Keirans JE, 1977. Interaction of ectoparasites and their hosts. J Med Entomol 13 :389–428.
-
14
Ailus K, Palosuo T, Brummer-Korvenkontio M, Rantanen T, Reunala T, 1985. Demonstration of antibodies to mosquito antigens in man by immunodiffusion and ELISA. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 78 :375–379.
-
15
Reunala T, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Lappalainen P, Rasanen L, Palosuo T, 1990. Immunology and treatment of mosquito bites. Clin Exp Allergy 20 (Suppl 4):19–24.
-
16
Dow RP, Reeves WC, Bellamy RE, 1957. Field tests of avian host preferences of Culex tarsalis Coq. Am J Trop Med Hyg 6 :294–303.
-
17
Edman JD, Webber LA, 1975. Effect of vertebrate size and density on host-selection by caged Culex nigripalpus.Mosq News 35 :508–512.
-
18
Nelson RL, Templis CH, Reeves WC, Milby MM, 1976. Relation of mosquito density to bird:mammal feeding ratios of Culex tarsalis in stable traps. Am J Trop Med Hyg 25 :644–654.
-
19
Reisen WK, Boyce K, Cummings RC, Delgado O, Gutierrez A, Meyer RP, Scott TW, 1999. Comparative effectiveness of three adult mosquito sampling methods in habitats representative of four different biomes of California. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 15 :24–31.
-
20
Reeves WC, Bellamy RE, Scrivani RP, 1961. Differentiation of encephalitis virus infection rates from transmission rates in mosquito vector populations. Am J Hyg 73 :303–315.
-
21
Reeves WC, 1971. Mosquito vector and vertebrate host interaction: The key to maintenance of certain arboviruses. Fallis AM, ed. The Ecology and Physiology of Parasites. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 223–231.
-
22
Olson JG, Reeves WC, Emmons RW, Milby MM, 1979. Correlation of Culex tarsalis population indices with the incidence of St. Louis encephalitis and western equine encephalomyelitis in California. Am J Trop Med Hyg 28 :335–343.
-
23
Bohart RM, Washino RK, 1978. Introduction. Mosquitoes in California. Third edition. Berkeley: Division of Agricultural Sciences, University of California, 1–2.
-
24
Reeves WC, Hammon WM, 1962. The role of arthropod vectors. Smith CE, Griffiths W, Reeves WC, eds. The Epidemiology of the Arthropod-Borne Viral Encephalitides in Kern County, California, 1943–1952. Volume 4. University of California School of Public Health. Berkeley: University of California Press, 75–108.
-
25
Reisen WK, Reeves WC, 1990. Bionomics and ecology of Culex tarsalis and other potential mosquito vector species. Reeves WC, ed. Epidemiology and Control of Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses in California, 1943–1987. Sacramento, CA: California Mosquito and Vector Control Association, 254–329.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1554 | 1506 | 253 |
| Full Text Views | 230 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 37 | 8 | 0 |