Bloland PB, Kazembe PN, Oloo AJ, Himonga B, Barat LM, Ruebush TK, 1998. Chloroquine in Africa: critical assessment and recommendations for monitoring and evaluating chloroquine therapy efficacy in sub-Saharan Africa. Trop Med Int Health 3 :543ā552.
Price RN, Nosten F, Luxemburger C, van Vugt M, Phaipun L, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, White NJ, 1997. Artesunate/mefloquine treatment of multi-drug resistant falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :574ā577.
Nosten F, van Vugt M, Price R, Luxemburger C, Thway KL, Brockman A, McGready R, ter Kuile F, Looareesuwan S, White NJ, 2000. Effects of artesunate-mefloquine combination on incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and mefloquine resistance in western Thailand: a prospective study. Lancet 356 :297ā302.
White NJ, Nosten F, Looareesuwan S, Watkins WM, Marsh K, Snow RW, Kokwaro G, Ouma J, Hien TT, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Newbold CI, Ruebush TK 2nd, Danis M, Greenwood BM, Anderson RM, Olliaro P, 1999. Averting a malaria disaster. Lancet 353 :1965ā1967.
World Health Organization, 2001. Antimalarial Drug Combination Therapy. Report of a WHO Technical Consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization. Publication no. WHO/CDS/RBM/2001.35.
Kachur SP, Abdulla S, Barnes K, Mshinda H, Durrheim D, Kitua A, Bloland PB, 2001. Complex and large trials of malaria interventions (letter). Trop Med Int Health 6 :324ā325.
von Seidlein L, Milligan P, Pinder M, Bojang K, Anyalebechi C, Gosling R, Coleman R, Ude JI, Sadiq A, Duraisingh M, Warhurst D, Alloueche A, Targett G, McAdam K, Greenwood B, Walraven G, Olliaro P, Doherty T, 2000. Efficacy of artesunate plus pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine for uncomplicated malaria in Gambian children: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 355 :352ā357.
Adjuik M, Agnamey P, Babiker A, Borrmann S, Brasseur P, Cisse M, Cobelens F, Diallo S, Faucher JF, Garner P, Gikunda S, Kremsner PG, Krishna S, Lell B, Loolpapit M, Matsiegui PB, Missinou MA, Mwanza J, Ntoumi F, Olliaro P, Osimbo P, Rezbach P, Some E, Taylor WR, 2002. Amodiaquine-artesunate versus amodiaquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in African children: a randomised, multicentre trial. Lancet 359 :1365ā1372.
International Artemisinin Study Group, 2004. Artesunate combinations for treatment of malaria: meta-analysis. Lancet 363 :9ā17.
Snow RW, Eckert E, Teklehaimanot A, 2003. Estimating the needs for artesunate-based combination therapy for malaria case-management in Africa. Trends Parasitol 19 :363ā369.
Duffy PE, Mutabingwa TK, 2004. Drug combinations for malaria: time to ACT. Lancet 363 :3ā4.
Bloland PB, Kachur SP, Williams HA, 2003. Trends in antimalarial drug deployment in sub-Saharan Africa. J Exp Biol 206 :3761ā3769.
World Health Organization and UNICEF, 2003. The Africa Malaria Report. Geneva: World Health Organization. Report no. WHO/CDS/MAL/2003.1093.
World Health Organization, 1986. Expert Committee on Malaria, Eighteenth Report. Geneva: World Health Organzation. Technical Series #735.
McCombie SC, 1996. Treatment seeking for malaria: a review of recent research. Soc Sci Med 43 :933ā945.
Basco LK, 2004. Molecular epidemiology of malaria in Cameroon. XIX. Quality of antimalarial drugs used for self-medication. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :245ā250.
Pagnoni F, Convelbo N, Tiendrebeogo J, Cousens S, Esposito F, 1997. A community-based programme to provide prompt and adequate treatment of presumptive malaria in children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :512ā517.
Kidane G, Morrow RH, 2000. Teaching mothers to provide home treatment of malaria in Tigray, Ethiopia: a randomised trial. Lancet 356 :550ā555.
Marsh VM, Mutemi WM, Muturi J, Haaland A, Watkins WM, Otieno G, Marsh K, 1999. Changing home treatment of childhood fevers by training shop keepers in rural Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 4 :383ā389.
Tavrow P, Shabahang J, Makama S, 2003. Vendor-to-vendor education to improve malaria treatment by private drug outlets in Bungoma District, Kenya. Malar J 2 :1ā10.
Yeboah-Antwi K, Gyapong JO, Asare IK, Barnish G, Evans DB, Adjei S, 2001. Impact of prepackaging antimalarial drugs on cost to patients and compliance with treatment. Bull World Health Organ 79 :394ā399.
Agyepong IA, Ansah E, Gyapong M, Adjei S, Barnish G, Evans D, 2002. Strategies to improve adherence to recommended chloroquine treatment regimes: a quasi-experiment in the context of integrated primary health care delivery in Ghana. Soc Sci Med 55 :2215ā2226.
Mwageni E, Momburi D, Juma Z, Irema M, Masanja H, and the Tanzania Essential Health Interventions Project and Adult Morbidity and Mortality Project, 2002. Rufiji Demographic Surveillance System. INDEPTH Network, ed. Population and Health in Developing Countries. Volume I. Population, Health and Survival at INDEPTH Sites. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: International Development Research Centre, 173ā181.
National Bureau of Statistics United Republic of Tanzania, 2002. 2002 Population and Housing Census Database. Dar es Salaam: National Bureau of Statistics.
Armstrong-Schellenberg J, Victora C, Mushi A, deSavigny D, Schellenberg D, Mshinda H, Bryce J, for the Tanzania IMCI MCE Baseline Household Survey Study Group, 2003. Inequities among the very poor: health care for children in rural southern Tanzania. Lancet 361 :561ā566.
Depoortere E, Guthmann JP, Sipilanyambe N, Nkandu E, Fermon F, Balkan S, Legros D, 2004. Adherence to the combination of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and artesunate in the Maheba refugee settlement, Zambia. Trop Med Int Health 9 :62ā67.
Deming MS, Gayibor A, Murphy K, Jones TS, Karsa T, 1989. Home treatment of febrile children with antimalarial drugs in Togo. Bull World Health Organ 67 :695ā700.
Ruebush TK, Kern MK, Campbell CC, Oloo AJ, 1995. Self-treatment of malaria in a rural area of western Kenya. Bull World Health Organ 73 :229ā236.
Slutsker L, Chitsulo L, Macheso A, Steketee RW, 1994. Treatment of malaria fever episodes among children in Malawi: results of a KAP survey. Trop Med Parasitol 45 :61ā64.
Nshakira N, Kristensen M, Ssali F, Whyte SR, 2002. Appropriate treatment of malaria? Use of antimalarial drugs for childrenās fevers in district medical units, drug shops and homes in eastern Uganda. Trop Med Int Health 7 :309ā316.
Okonkwo PO, Akpala CO, Okafor HU, Mbah AU, Nwaiwu O, 2001. Compliance to correct dose of chloroquine in uncomplicated malaria correlates with improvement in the condition of rural Nigerian children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 :320ā324.
Ansah EK, Gyapong JO, Agyepong IA, Evans DB, 2001. Improving adherence to malaria treatment for children: the use of pre-packed chloroquine tablets vs. chloroquine syrup. Trop Med Int Health 6 :496ā504.
Li GQ, Guo XB, Fu LC, Jian HX, Wang XH, 1994. Clinical trials of artemisinin and its derivatives in the treatment of malaria in China. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :5ā6.
Bunnag D, Viravan C, Looareesuwan S, Karbwang J, Harinasuta T, 1991. Clinical trial of artesunate and artemether on multi-drug resistant falciparum malaria in Thailand. A preliminary report. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 22 :380ā385.
Barradell LB, Fitton A, 1995. Artesunate: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of malaria. Drugs 50 :714ā741.
Edwards G, 1994. Measurement of artemisinin and its derivatives in biological fluids. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :37ā39.
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Artemisinin-containing antimalarial combination therapies are recommended to confront drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Among the questions surrounding whether these complex multidose treatments will be practical is to what extent patients complete the recommended doses. Combination therapy through coadministration of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus artesunate was introduced as a first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in one district in Tanzania. Interventions to optimize correct use were also implemented. We observed 453 patient encounters at one health facility and recorded key practices as health workers dispensed the combination. A total of 253 patients were followed-up at 24 or 48 hours. Complete adherence measured at 48 hours reached 75.0%, based on self-report and tablet counts. This is substantially better than reported elsewhere and compares favorably with intervention studies to optimize adherence to chloroquine. Counseling about what to do if a patient vomits appears to have been an independent risk factor for nonadherence.
Bloland PB, Kazembe PN, Oloo AJ, Himonga B, Barat LM, Ruebush TK, 1998. Chloroquine in Africa: critical assessment and recommendations for monitoring and evaluating chloroquine therapy efficacy in sub-Saharan Africa. Trop Med Int Health 3 :543ā552.
Price RN, Nosten F, Luxemburger C, van Vugt M, Phaipun L, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, White NJ, 1997. Artesunate/mefloquine treatment of multi-drug resistant falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :574ā577.
Nosten F, van Vugt M, Price R, Luxemburger C, Thway KL, Brockman A, McGready R, ter Kuile F, Looareesuwan S, White NJ, 2000. Effects of artesunate-mefloquine combination on incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and mefloquine resistance in western Thailand: a prospective study. Lancet 356 :297ā302.
White NJ, Nosten F, Looareesuwan S, Watkins WM, Marsh K, Snow RW, Kokwaro G, Ouma J, Hien TT, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Newbold CI, Ruebush TK 2nd, Danis M, Greenwood BM, Anderson RM, Olliaro P, 1999. Averting a malaria disaster. Lancet 353 :1965ā1967.
World Health Organization, 2001. Antimalarial Drug Combination Therapy. Report of a WHO Technical Consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization. Publication no. WHO/CDS/RBM/2001.35.
Kachur SP, Abdulla S, Barnes K, Mshinda H, Durrheim D, Kitua A, Bloland PB, 2001. Complex and large trials of malaria interventions (letter). Trop Med Int Health 6 :324ā325.
von Seidlein L, Milligan P, Pinder M, Bojang K, Anyalebechi C, Gosling R, Coleman R, Ude JI, Sadiq A, Duraisingh M, Warhurst D, Alloueche A, Targett G, McAdam K, Greenwood B, Walraven G, Olliaro P, Doherty T, 2000. Efficacy of artesunate plus pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine for uncomplicated malaria in Gambian children: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 355 :352ā357.
Adjuik M, Agnamey P, Babiker A, Borrmann S, Brasseur P, Cisse M, Cobelens F, Diallo S, Faucher JF, Garner P, Gikunda S, Kremsner PG, Krishna S, Lell B, Loolpapit M, Matsiegui PB, Missinou MA, Mwanza J, Ntoumi F, Olliaro P, Osimbo P, Rezbach P, Some E, Taylor WR, 2002. Amodiaquine-artesunate versus amodiaquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in African children: a randomised, multicentre trial. Lancet 359 :1365ā1372.
International Artemisinin Study Group, 2004. Artesunate combinations for treatment of malaria: meta-analysis. Lancet 363 :9ā17.
Snow RW, Eckert E, Teklehaimanot A, 2003. Estimating the needs for artesunate-based combination therapy for malaria case-management in Africa. Trends Parasitol 19 :363ā369.
Duffy PE, Mutabingwa TK, 2004. Drug combinations for malaria: time to ACT. Lancet 363 :3ā4.
Bloland PB, Kachur SP, Williams HA, 2003. Trends in antimalarial drug deployment in sub-Saharan Africa. J Exp Biol 206 :3761ā3769.
World Health Organization and UNICEF, 2003. The Africa Malaria Report. Geneva: World Health Organization. Report no. WHO/CDS/MAL/2003.1093.
World Health Organization, 1986. Expert Committee on Malaria, Eighteenth Report. Geneva: World Health Organzation. Technical Series #735.
McCombie SC, 1996. Treatment seeking for malaria: a review of recent research. Soc Sci Med 43 :933ā945.
Basco LK, 2004. Molecular epidemiology of malaria in Cameroon. XIX. Quality of antimalarial drugs used for self-medication. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :245ā250.
Pagnoni F, Convelbo N, Tiendrebeogo J, Cousens S, Esposito F, 1997. A community-based programme to provide prompt and adequate treatment of presumptive malaria in children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :512ā517.
Kidane G, Morrow RH, 2000. Teaching mothers to provide home treatment of malaria in Tigray, Ethiopia: a randomised trial. Lancet 356 :550ā555.
Marsh VM, Mutemi WM, Muturi J, Haaland A, Watkins WM, Otieno G, Marsh K, 1999. Changing home treatment of childhood fevers by training shop keepers in rural Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 4 :383ā389.
Tavrow P, Shabahang J, Makama S, 2003. Vendor-to-vendor education to improve malaria treatment by private drug outlets in Bungoma District, Kenya. Malar J 2 :1ā10.
Yeboah-Antwi K, Gyapong JO, Asare IK, Barnish G, Evans DB, Adjei S, 2001. Impact of prepackaging antimalarial drugs on cost to patients and compliance with treatment. Bull World Health Organ 79 :394ā399.
Agyepong IA, Ansah E, Gyapong M, Adjei S, Barnish G, Evans D, 2002. Strategies to improve adherence to recommended chloroquine treatment regimes: a quasi-experiment in the context of integrated primary health care delivery in Ghana. Soc Sci Med 55 :2215ā2226.
Mwageni E, Momburi D, Juma Z, Irema M, Masanja H, and the Tanzania Essential Health Interventions Project and Adult Morbidity and Mortality Project, 2002. Rufiji Demographic Surveillance System. INDEPTH Network, ed. Population and Health in Developing Countries. Volume I. Population, Health and Survival at INDEPTH Sites. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: International Development Research Centre, 173ā181.
National Bureau of Statistics United Republic of Tanzania, 2002. 2002 Population and Housing Census Database. Dar es Salaam: National Bureau of Statistics.
Armstrong-Schellenberg J, Victora C, Mushi A, deSavigny D, Schellenberg D, Mshinda H, Bryce J, for the Tanzania IMCI MCE Baseline Household Survey Study Group, 2003. Inequities among the very poor: health care for children in rural southern Tanzania. Lancet 361 :561ā566.
Depoortere E, Guthmann JP, Sipilanyambe N, Nkandu E, Fermon F, Balkan S, Legros D, 2004. Adherence to the combination of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and artesunate in the Maheba refugee settlement, Zambia. Trop Med Int Health 9 :62ā67.
Deming MS, Gayibor A, Murphy K, Jones TS, Karsa T, 1989. Home treatment of febrile children with antimalarial drugs in Togo. Bull World Health Organ 67 :695ā700.
Ruebush TK, Kern MK, Campbell CC, Oloo AJ, 1995. Self-treatment of malaria in a rural area of western Kenya. Bull World Health Organ 73 :229ā236.
Slutsker L, Chitsulo L, Macheso A, Steketee RW, 1994. Treatment of malaria fever episodes among children in Malawi: results of a KAP survey. Trop Med Parasitol 45 :61ā64.
Nshakira N, Kristensen M, Ssali F, Whyte SR, 2002. Appropriate treatment of malaria? Use of antimalarial drugs for childrenās fevers in district medical units, drug shops and homes in eastern Uganda. Trop Med Int Health 7 :309ā316.
Okonkwo PO, Akpala CO, Okafor HU, Mbah AU, Nwaiwu O, 2001. Compliance to correct dose of chloroquine in uncomplicated malaria correlates with improvement in the condition of rural Nigerian children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 :320ā324.
Ansah EK, Gyapong JO, Agyepong IA, Evans DB, 2001. Improving adherence to malaria treatment for children: the use of pre-packed chloroquine tablets vs. chloroquine syrup. Trop Med Int Health 6 :496ā504.
Li GQ, Guo XB, Fu LC, Jian HX, Wang XH, 1994. Clinical trials of artemisinin and its derivatives in the treatment of malaria in China. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :5ā6.
Bunnag D, Viravan C, Looareesuwan S, Karbwang J, Harinasuta T, 1991. Clinical trial of artesunate and artemether on multi-drug resistant falciparum malaria in Thailand. A preliminary report. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 22 :380ā385.
Barradell LB, Fitton A, 1995. Artesunate: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of malaria. Drugs 50 :714ā741.
Edwards G, 1994. Measurement of artemisinin and its derivatives in biological fluids. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :37ā39.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 22 | 22 | 12 |
Full Text Views | 277 | 91 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 69 | 24 | 0 |