ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Graham DY, 1991. Helicobacter pylori: its epidemiology and its role in duodenal ulcer disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 6 :105–113.
-
2
Vanderplas Y, 2001. The role of Helicobacter pylori in paediatrics. Current Opinion Infect Dis 14 :315–321.
-
3
Suerbaum S, Michetti P, 2002. Helicobacter pylori infection. N Engl J Med 347 :1175–1186.
-
4
Frenck RW, Clemens J, 2003. Helicobacter in the developing world. Microbes Infect 5 :705–713.
-
5
Malaty HM, Graham DY, 1994. Importance of childhood socioeconomic status on the current prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut 35 :742–745.
-
6
Teh BH, Lin JT, Pan WH, Lin SH, Wang LY, Lee TK, Chen CJ, 1994. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection in Taiwan. Anticancer Res 14 :1389–1392.
-
7
Oliviera AMR, Queiroz DMM, Rocha GA, Mendes EN, 1994. Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in children of low socioeconomic level in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Am J Gastroenterol 89 :2201–2204.
-
8
Fraser AG, Scragg R, Metcalf P, McCullough S, Yeates NJ, 1996. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in different ethnic groups in New Zealand children and adults. Aust N Z J Med 26 :646–651.
-
9
Blecker U, Hauser B, Lanciers S, Peeters S, Suys B, Vandenplas Y, 1993. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori-positive serology in asymptomatic children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 16 :252–256.
-
10
Kang JY, Yeoh KG, Ho KY, Guan R, Lim TP, Quak SH, Wee A, Teo D, Ong TW, 1997. Racial differences in Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in Singapore: correlation with differences in peptic ulcer frequency. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 12 :655–659.
-
11
Uyub AM, Raj M, Visanathan R, Nazim M, Aiyar S, Anuar AK, Mansur M, 1994. Helicobacter pylori infection in north-eastern peninsular Malaysia: evidence for an unusually low prevalence. Scand J Gastroentrol 29 :209–213.
-
12
Kaur G, Raj M, 2002. A study of the concordance between endoscopic gastritis and histological gastritis in an area with a low background prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Singapore Med J 43 :90–92.
-
13
Chen PCY, 1990. Penans. The Nomads of Sarawak. Kuala Lumpur: Pelanduk Publications, 1–32.
-
14
Ahmad K, 1994. Saving the Penans. Kuala Lumpur: Berita Publishing Sdn Bhd.
-
15
Wade D, Mackenzie I, Kennedy S, 1995. Nomads of the Dawn: The Penan of the Borneo Rain Forrest. Petaluma, CA: Pomegranate Communications Inc.
-
16
Rothenbacher D, Bode G, Brenner H, 2000. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection with a novel stool antigen-based assay in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 19 :364–366.
-
17
Ni YH, Lin JT, Huang SF, Yan JC, Chang MH, 2000. Accurate diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection by stool antigen test and 6 other currently available tests in children. J Pediatr 136 :823–827.
-
18
Logan RPH, Walker MM, 2001. Epidemiology and diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. BMJ 323 :920–922.
-
19
Graham DY, Adam E, Reddy GT, Agarwal JP, Agarwal R, Evans DJ, Malaty HM, Evans DG, 1991. Seroepidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in India: comparison of developing and developed countries. Dig Dis Sci 36 :1084–1088.
-
20
Goodman KJ, Correa P, 2000. Transmission of Helicobacter pylori among siblings. Lancet 355 :358–362.
-
21
Kivi M, Tindberg Y, Sorberg M, Casswall TH, Befrits R, Hellstrom H, Bengtssom C, Engstrand L, Granstrom M, 2003. Concordance of Helicobacter pylori strains within families. J Clin Microbiol 41 :5604–5608.
-
22
Tosun SY, Kasirga E, Ertan P, Aksu S, 2003. Evidence against the fecal-oral route of transmission for Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood. Med Sci Monit 9 :489–492.
-
23
Parsonnet J, Shmuely H, Haggerty T, 1999. Fecal and oral shedding of Helicobacter pylori from healthy non-infected adults. JAMA 282 :2240–2245.
-
24
Fennerty MB, 1996. Is the only good H. pylori a dead H. pylori?Gastroenterology 111 :1773–1774.
-
25
Drumm B, Koleztko S, Oderda G, 2000. Helicobacter pylori infection in children: A consensus statement. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 30 :207–213.
-
26
Sherman P, Czinn S, Drumm B, Gottrand F, Kawakami E, Madrazo A, Oderda G, Seo JK, Sullivan P, Toyoda S, Weaver L, Wu TC, 2002. Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adolescents: Working group report of the First World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 35 (Suppl 2):S128–S133.
-
27
Black FL, 1975. Infectious diseases in primitive societies. Science 187 :515–518.
-
28
Gilman RH, Davis C, Gan E, Bolton M, 1976. Seroepidemiology of amebiasis in the Orang Asli (western Malaysian aborigine) and other Malaysians. Am J Trop Med Hyg 25 :663–666.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Full Text Views | 285 | 111 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 75 | 33 | 1 |
PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS FROM THE PENAN ETHNIC MINORITY OF MALAYSIAN BORNEO
To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antigen carriage in stool in the Penan ethnic minority in Malaysian Borneo, we studied 295 Penans 0.6–89.0 years of age from 1) the remote Limbang Division, 2) Mulu regional center, and 3) Belaga village. Overall, 37.7% of the subjects tested positive. Peak prevalence was reached by 10 years of age. There were no differences in age, sex, body mass index, and socioeconomic/domestic variables between antigen-positive and antigen-negative subjects. In a logistic regression analysis, subjects from Limbang were least likely to be antigen-positive (odds ratio [OR] = 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.12–0.44 versus other sites, P < 0.001). Availability of a flushing toilet was protective against H. pylori carriage (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.27–0.95, P = 0.031). Infection with H. pylori among the Penan was less than reported in other low socioeconomic groups. The lowest prevalence in the most remote setting suggests that the infection has been a recent arrival in previously isolated communities.