- INTRODUCTION
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- Mosquito collections and extraction of DNA.
- Microsatellite loci isolation, amplification, and identification.
- Mitochondrial gene amplification and haplotype identification.
- Statistical analysis of haplotype and allele frequencies.
- Phylogenetic and nucleotide diversity analysis of ND5 haplotype sequences.
- RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Rubio-Palis Y, Zimmerman RH, 1997. Ecoregional classification of malaria vectors in the neotropics. J Med Entomol 34 :499–510.
-
2
Frederickson EC, 1993. Bionomics and Control of Anopheles albimanus. Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization, Pan American Sanitary Bureau Regional Office of the World Health Organization.
-
3
Keppler WJJ, Kitzmiller JB, Rabbani MG, 1973. The salivary gland chromosomes of Anopheles albimanus.Mosq News 33 :42–49.
-
4
Faran ME, 1980. Mosquito studies (Diptera, Culicidae) XXXIV. A revision of the Albimanus section of the subgenus Nysorhynchus of Anopheles. Contrib Am Entomol Inst Ann Arbor 15 :1–215.
-
5
Tabachnick WJ, Black WC IV, 1995. Making a case for molecular population genetic studies of arthropod vectors. Parasitol Today 11 :27–30.
-
6
Donnelly MJ, Simard F, Lehmann T, 2002. Evolutionary studies of malaria vectors. Trends Parasitol 18 :75–80.
-
7
Collins FH, Besansky NJ, 1994. Vector biology and the control of malaria in Africa. Science 264 :1874–1875.
-
8
de Merida AM, Palmieri M, Yurrita M, Molina A, Molina E, Black WC IV, 1999. Mitochondrial DNA variation among Anopheles albimanus populations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :230–239.
-
9
de Merida AM, De Mata MP, Molina E, Porter CH, Black WC IV, 1995. Variation in ribosomal DNA intergenic spacers among populations of Anopheles albimanus in South and Central America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53 :469–477.
-
10
Black WCI, DuTeau NM, 1997. RAPD-PCR and SSCP analysis for insect population genetic studies. Crampton JM, Beard CB, Louis C, eds. The Molecular Biology of Insect Disease Vectors: A Methods Manual.New York: Chapman and Hall, 361–373.
-
11
Schaffer HE, Sederoff RR, 1981. Improved estimation of DNA fragment lengths from agarose gels. Anal Biochem 115 :113–122.
-
12
Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM, 1992. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131 :479–491.
-
13
Weir BS, 1996. Genetic Data Analysis II: Methods for Discrete Population Genetic Data. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
-
14
Slatkin M, 1993. Isolation by distance in equilibrium and non equilibrium populations. Evolution 47 :264–279.
-
15
Rousset F, 1997. Genetic differentiation and estimation of gene flow from F-statistics under isolation by distance. Genetics 145 :1219–1228.
-
16
Mantel N, 1967. The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Res 27 :209–220.
-
17
Sohkal RR, Sneath PHA, 1963. Principles of Numerical Taxonomy. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Co.
-
18
Felsenstein J, 1993. PHYLIP: Phylogeny Inference Package. Version 3.5C. Seattle, WA: University of Washington.
-
19
Hasegawa M, Kishino H, Yano T, 1985. Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA. J Mol Evol 22 :160–174.
-
20
Tamura K, Nei M, 1993. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol Biol Evol 10 :512–526.
-
21
Saitou N, Nei M, 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4 :406–425.
-
22
Nei M, 1987. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. New York: Columbia University Press.
-
23
Watterson GA, 1975. On the number of segregating sites in genetical models without recombination. Theor Popul Biol 7 :256–276.
-
24
Nei M, 1978. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 89 :583–590.
-
25
Narang SK, Seawright JA, Suarez MF, 1991. Genetic structure of natural populations of Anopheles albimanus in Colombia. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 7 :437–445.
-
26
Nauta MJ, Weissing FJ, 1996. Constraints on allele size at microsatellite loci: implications for genetic differentiation. Genetics 143 :1021–1032.
-
27
Estoup A, Jarne P, Cornuet JM, 2002. Homoplasy and mutation model at microsatellite loci and their consequences for population genetics analysis. Mol Ecol 11 :1591–1604.
-
28
Donnelly MJ, Townson H, 2000. Evidence for extensive genetic differentiation among populations of the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis in Eastern Africa. Insect Mol Biol 9 :357–367.
-
29
Walton C, Thelwell NJ, Priestman A, Butlin RK, 1998. The use of microsatellites to study gene flow in natural populations of Anopheles malaria vectors in Africa: potential and pitfalls. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 14 :266–272.
-
30
Lehmann T, Licht M, Elissa N, Maega BT, Chimumbwa JM, Watsenga FT, Wondji CS, Simard F, Hawley WA, 2003. Population Structure of Anopheles gambiae in Africa. J Hered 94 :133–147.
-
31
Lehmann T, Hawley WA, Grebert H, Danga M, Atieli F, Collins FH, 1999. The Rift Valley complex as a barrier to gene flow for Anopheles gambiae in Kenya. J Hered 90 :613–621.
-
32
Carnahan J, Zheng L, Taylor CE, Toure YT, Norris DE, Dolo G, Diuk-Wasser M, Lanzaro GC, 2002. Genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae s.s. populations in Mali, west Africa, using microsatellite loci. J Hered 93 :249–253.
-
33
Krzywinski J, Besansky NJ, 2003. Molecular systematics of Anopheles: from subgenera to subpopulations. Annu Rev Entomol 48 :111–139.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 419 | 362 | 63 |
| Full Text Views | 323 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 82 | 10 | 0 |
GENE FLOW AMONG ANOPHELES ALBIMANUS POPULATIONS IN CENTRAL AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN ASSESSED BY MICROSATELLITES AND MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
ALVARO MOLINA-CRUZ
ALVARO MOLINA-CRUZ
Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
Search for other papers by ALVARO MOLINA-CRUZ in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by ALVARO MOLINA-CRUZ in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
ANA MARÍA P. DE MÉRIDA
ANA MARÍA P. DE MÉRIDA
Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
Search for other papers by ANA MARÍA P. DE MÉRIDA in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by ANA MARÍA P. DE MÉRIDA in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
KATHERINE MILLS
KATHERINE MILLS
Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
Search for other papers by KATHERINE MILLS in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by KATHERINE MILLS in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
FERNANDO RODRÍGUEZ
FERNANDO RODRÍGUEZ
Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
Search for other papers by FERNANDO RODRÍGUEZ in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by FERNANDO RODRÍGUEZ in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
CAROLINA SCHOUA
CAROLINA SCHOUA
Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
Search for other papers by CAROLINA SCHOUA in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by CAROLINA SCHOUA in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
MARÍA MARTA YURRITA
MARÍA MARTA YURRITA
Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
Search for other papers by MARÍA MARTA YURRITA in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by MARÍA MARTA YURRITA in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
EDUVIGES MOLINA
EDUVIGES MOLINA
Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
Search for other papers by EDUVIGES MOLINA in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by EDUVIGES MOLINA in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
MARGARITA PALMIERI
MARGARITA PALMIERI
Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
Search for other papers by MARGARITA PALMIERI in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by MARGARITA PALMIERI in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
WILLIAM C. BLACK IV
WILLIAM C. BLACK IV
Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
Search for other papers by WILLIAM C. BLACK IV in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by WILLIAM C. BLACK IV in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Gene flow was examined among Anopheles albimanus populations from Cuba, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela by examining variation at four microsatellite (MS) loci and a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker. There was little variation among Central American populations and weak isolation by distance was only observed with the MS loci. There was moderate to large variation between Central and South American populations, suggesting a barrier to gene flow between Central and South America. However, Panamanian and Pacific Costa Rican populations differed with respect to western Central America, suggesting that there may be another barrier within Central America. There was small to moderate variation among Caribbean and continental populations. Phylogenetic and diversity analyses of mtDNA indicate that more ancestral and diverse haplotypes were present in the Caribbean population, suggesting that current continental An. albimanus populations may have originated from the Caribbean.
Author Notes
- INTRODUCTION
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- Mosquito collections and extraction of DNA.
- Microsatellite loci isolation, amplification, and identification.
- Mitochondrial gene amplification and haplotype identification.
- Statistical analysis of haplotype and allele frequencies.
- Phylogenetic and nucleotide diversity analysis of ND5 haplotype sequences.
- RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Rubio-Palis Y, Zimmerman RH, 1997. Ecoregional classification of malaria vectors in the neotropics. J Med Entomol 34 :499–510.
-
2
Frederickson EC, 1993. Bionomics and Control of Anopheles albimanus. Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization, Pan American Sanitary Bureau Regional Office of the World Health Organization.
-
3
Keppler WJJ, Kitzmiller JB, Rabbani MG, 1973. The salivary gland chromosomes of Anopheles albimanus.Mosq News 33 :42–49.
-
4
Faran ME, 1980. Mosquito studies (Diptera, Culicidae) XXXIV. A revision of the Albimanus section of the subgenus Nysorhynchus of Anopheles. Contrib Am Entomol Inst Ann Arbor 15 :1–215.
-
5
Tabachnick WJ, Black WC IV, 1995. Making a case for molecular population genetic studies of arthropod vectors. Parasitol Today 11 :27–30.
-
6
Donnelly MJ, Simard F, Lehmann T, 2002. Evolutionary studies of malaria vectors. Trends Parasitol 18 :75–80.
-
7
Collins FH, Besansky NJ, 1994. Vector biology and the control of malaria in Africa. Science 264 :1874–1875.
-
8
de Merida AM, Palmieri M, Yurrita M, Molina A, Molina E, Black WC IV, 1999. Mitochondrial DNA variation among Anopheles albimanus populations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :230–239.
-
9
de Merida AM, De Mata MP, Molina E, Porter CH, Black WC IV, 1995. Variation in ribosomal DNA intergenic spacers among populations of Anopheles albimanus in South and Central America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53 :469–477.
-
10
Black WCI, DuTeau NM, 1997. RAPD-PCR and SSCP analysis for insect population genetic studies. Crampton JM, Beard CB, Louis C, eds. The Molecular Biology of Insect Disease Vectors: A Methods Manual.New York: Chapman and Hall, 361–373.
-
11
Schaffer HE, Sederoff RR, 1981. Improved estimation of DNA fragment lengths from agarose gels. Anal Biochem 115 :113–122.
-
12
Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM, 1992. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131 :479–491.
-
13
Weir BS, 1996. Genetic Data Analysis II: Methods for Discrete Population Genetic Data. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
-
14
Slatkin M, 1993. Isolation by distance in equilibrium and non equilibrium populations. Evolution 47 :264–279.
-
15
Rousset F, 1997. Genetic differentiation and estimation of gene flow from F-statistics under isolation by distance. Genetics 145 :1219–1228.
-
16
Mantel N, 1967. The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Res 27 :209–220.
-
17
Sohkal RR, Sneath PHA, 1963. Principles of Numerical Taxonomy. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Co.
-
18
Felsenstein J, 1993. PHYLIP: Phylogeny Inference Package. Version 3.5C. Seattle, WA: University of Washington.
-
19
Hasegawa M, Kishino H, Yano T, 1985. Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA. J Mol Evol 22 :160–174.
-
20
Tamura K, Nei M, 1993. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol Biol Evol 10 :512–526.
-
21
Saitou N, Nei M, 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4 :406–425.
-
22
Nei M, 1987. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. New York: Columbia University Press.
-
23
Watterson GA, 1975. On the number of segregating sites in genetical models without recombination. Theor Popul Biol 7 :256–276.
-
24
Nei M, 1978. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 89 :583–590.
-
25
Narang SK, Seawright JA, Suarez MF, 1991. Genetic structure of natural populations of Anopheles albimanus in Colombia. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 7 :437–445.
-
26
Nauta MJ, Weissing FJ, 1996. Constraints on allele size at microsatellite loci: implications for genetic differentiation. Genetics 143 :1021–1032.
-
27
Estoup A, Jarne P, Cornuet JM, 2002. Homoplasy and mutation model at microsatellite loci and their consequences for population genetics analysis. Mol Ecol 11 :1591–1604.
-
28
Donnelly MJ, Townson H, 2000. Evidence for extensive genetic differentiation among populations of the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis in Eastern Africa. Insect Mol Biol 9 :357–367.
-
29
Walton C, Thelwell NJ, Priestman A, Butlin RK, 1998. The use of microsatellites to study gene flow in natural populations of Anopheles malaria vectors in Africa: potential and pitfalls. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 14 :266–272.
-
30
Lehmann T, Licht M, Elissa N, Maega BT, Chimumbwa JM, Watsenga FT, Wondji CS, Simard F, Hawley WA, 2003. Population Structure of Anopheles gambiae in Africa. J Hered 94 :133–147.
-
31
Lehmann T, Hawley WA, Grebert H, Danga M, Atieli F, Collins FH, 1999. The Rift Valley complex as a barrier to gene flow for Anopheles gambiae in Kenya. J Hered 90 :613–621.
-
32
Carnahan J, Zheng L, Taylor CE, Toure YT, Norris DE, Dolo G, Diuk-Wasser M, Lanzaro GC, 2002. Genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae s.s. populations in Mali, west Africa, using microsatellite loci. J Hered 93 :249–253.
-
33
Krzywinski J, Besansky NJ, 2003. Molecular systematics of Anopheles: from subgenera to subpopulations. Annu Rev Entomol 48 :111–139.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 419 | 362 | 63 |
| Full Text Views | 323 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 82 | 10 | 0 |