Good MF, Doolan DL, 1999. Immune effector mechanisms in malaria. Curr Opin Immunol 11 :412–419.
Tsuji M, Romero P, Nussenzweig RS, Zavala F, 1990. CD4+ cytolytic T cell clone confers protection against murine malaria. J Exp Med 172 :1353–1357.
Weiss WR, Sedegah M, Beaudoin RL, Miller LH, Good MF, 1988. CD8+ T cells (cytotoxic/suppressors) are required for protection in mice immunized with malaria sporozoites. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 :573–576.
Hoffman SL, Oster CN, Mason C, Beier JC, Sherwood JA, Ballou WP, Mugambi M, Chulay JD, 1989. Human lymphocyte proliferative response to a sporozoite T cell epitope correlates with resistance to falciparum malaria. J Immunol 142 :1299–1303.
Doolan DL, Houghten RA, Good MF, 1991. Location of human cytotoxic T cell epitopes within a polymorphic domain of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein.Int Immunol 3 :511–516.
Malik A, Egan JE, Houghten RA, Sadoff JC, Hoffman SL, 1991. Human cytotoxic T lymphocytes against the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 :3300–3304.
Dontfraid F, Cochran MA, Pombo D, Knell JD, Quakyi IA, Kumar S, Houghten RA, Berzofsky JA, Miller LH, Good MF, 1988. Human and murine CD4 T cell epitopes map to the same region of the malaria circumsporozoite protein: limited immunogenicity of sporozoites and circumsporozoite protein. Mol Biol Med 5 :185–196.
Good MF, Kumar S, Weiss WR, Miller LH, 1989. T-cell antigenic sites of the malaria circumsporozoite protein. Blood 74 :895–900.
Kumar S, Miller LH, Quakyi IA, Keister DB, Houghten RA, Maloy WL, Moss B, Berzofsky JA, Good MF, 1988. Cytotoxic T cells specific for the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum.Nature 334 :258–260.
Avrameas S, Ternynck T, 1969. The cross-linking of proteins with glutaraldehyde and its use for the preparation of immunosorbents. Immunochemistry 6 :53–66.
Rosenberg R, Wirtz RA, Lanar DE, Sattabongkot J, Hall T, Waters AP, Prasittisuk C, 1989. Circumsporozoite protein heterogeneity in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.Science 245 :973–976.
Franke ED, Lucas CM, Chauca G, Wirtz RA, Hinostroza S, 1992. Antibody response to the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax in naturally infected humans. Am J Trop Med Hyg 46 :320–326.
Park CG, Chwae YJ, Kim JI, Lee JH, Hur GM, Jeon BH, Koh JS, Han JH, Lee SJ, Park JW, Kaslow DC, Strickman D, Roh CS, 2000. Serologic responses of Korean soldiers serving in malaria-endemic areas during a recent outbreak of Plasmodium vivax.Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :720–725.
Franke ED, Lucas CM, Roman San E, 1991. Antibody response in humans to the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax.Infect Immun 59 :2836–2838.
Zavala F, Cochrane AH, Naedin EH, Nussenzweig RS, Nussen-zweig V, 1983. Circumsporozoite proteins of malaria parasites contain a single immunodominant region with two or more identical epitopes. J Exp Med 157 :1947–1957.
Qari SH, Goldman IF, Povoa MM, Oliveira S, Alpers MP, Lal AA, 1991. Wide distribution of the variant form of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.J Biol Chem 266 :16297–16300.
Qari SH, Goldman IF, Povoa MM, di Santi S, Alpers MP, Lal AA, 1992. Polymorphism in the circumsporozoite protein of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.Mol Biochem Parasitol 55 :105–113.
Charoenvit Y, Collins WE, Jones TR, Millet P, Yuan L, Campbell GH, Beaudoin RL, Broderson JR, Hoffman SL, 1991. Inability of malaria vaccine to induce antibodies to a protective epitope within its sequence. Science 251 :668–671.
Collins WE, Sullivan JS, Morris CL, Galland GG, Jue DL, Fang S, Wohlhueter R, Reed RC, Yang C, Hunter RL, Lal AA, 1997. Protective immunity induced in squirrel monkeys with a multiple antigen construct against the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax.Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :200–210.
Thomas BE, Sridevi K, Chopra N, Haq W, Rao DN, 2001. Inducing a cell-mediated immune response against peptides of the Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 95 :573–586.
Nardin E, Clavijo P, Mons B, van Belkum A, Ponnudurai T, Nussenzweig RS, 1991. T cell epitopes of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax. Recognition by lymphocytes of a sporozoite-immunized chimpanzee. J Immunol 146 :1674–1678.
Rodrigues MM, Paiva AC, Dutra AP, Yoshida N, Nakaie C, 1991. Identification of epitopes within the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax recognized by murine T lymphocytes. Exp Parasitol 72 :271–277.
Bilsborough J, Carlisle M, Good MF, 1993. Identification of Caucasian CD4 T cell epitopes on the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax.J Immunol 151 :890–899.
Herrera S, Escobar P, de Plata C, Avila GI, Corradin G, Herrera MA, 1992. Human recognition of T cell epitopes on the Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein. J Immunol 148 :3986–3990.
Zevering Y, Houghten RA, Frazer IH, Good MF, 1990. Major population differences in T cell response to a malaria sporo-zoite vaccine candidate. Int Immunol 2 :945–955.
Doolan DL, Khamboonruang C, Beck H-P, Houghten RA, Good MF, 1993. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) low-responsiveness to the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein in naturally-exposed endemic populations: analysis of human CTL response to most known variants. Int Immunol 5 :37–46.
Blum-Tivouvanziam U, BeghdadiRais C, Roggero MA, Valmori D, Bertholet S, Bron C, Fasel N, Corradin G, 1994. Elicitation of specific cytotoxic T cells by immunization with malaria soluble synthetic polypeptides. J Immunol 153 :4134–4141.
Houghten RA, 1985. General method for the rapid solid-phase synthesis of large numbers of peptides: Specificity of antigen-antibody interaction at the level of individual amino acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82 :5131–5135.
Gotch F, Rothbard J, Howland K, Townsend A, McMichael A, 1987. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize a fragment of influenza virus matrix protein in association with HLA-A2. Nature 326 :881–882.
Vejbaesya S, Chantangpol R, Longta P, Chandanayingyong D, 1997. HLA class I typing by one-dimensional isoelectric focusing and identification of the new variants in Thai population. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 15 :21–27.
Chiewsilp P, Mongkolsuk T, Sujirachato K, 1997. A*02 in southern Thai Muslims and central Thais. J Med Assoc Thai 80 :S25–S29.
Valmori D, Romero JF, Men Y, Maryanski JL, Romero P, Corradin G, 1994. Induction of a cytotoxic T cell response by co-injection of a T helper peptide and a cytotoxic T lymphocyte peptide in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA): further enhancement by pre-injection of IFA alone. Eur J Immunol 24 :1458–1462.
Zevering Y, Khamboonruang C, Rungruengthanakit K, Tungvi-boonchai L, Ruengpipattanapan J, Bathurst I, Barr P, Good MF, 1994. Life-span of human T-cell responses to determinants from the circumsporozoite proteins of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 :6118–6122.
Panina-Bordignon P, Tan A, Termijtelen A, Demotz S, Corradin G, Lanzavecchia A, 1989. Universally immunogenic T cell epitopes: promiscuous binding to human MHC class II and promiscuous recognition by T cells. Eur J Immunol 19 :2237–2242.
Weiss WR, Good MF, Hollingdale MR, Miller LH, Berzofsky JA, 1989. Genetic control of immunity to Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites. J Immunol 143 :4263–4266.
Huang T, Cheng Q, Allan S, Huang Y, 1994. DNA sequencing of circumsporozoite protein genes of Plasmodium vivax from four different countries in west Pacific region: comparative study on the flank sequences. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 12 :85–92.
Lalvani A, Hurt N, Aidoo M, Kibatala P, Tanner M, Hill AV, 1996. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes to Plasmodium falciparum epitopes in an area of intense and perennial transmission in Tanzania. Eur J Immunol 26 :773.
Aley SB, Bates MD, Tam JP, Hollingdale MR, 1986. Synthetic peptides from the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium knowlesi recognize the human hepatoma cell line HepG2-A16 in vitro.J Exp Med 164 :1915–1922.
Pancake SJ, Holt GD, Mellouk S, Hoffman SL, 1992. Malaria sporozoites and circumsporozoite proteins bind specifically to sulfated glycoconjugates. J Cell Biol 117 :1351–1357.
Rich KA, George FW IV, Law JL, Martin WJ, 1990. Cell-adhesive motif in region II of malarial circumsporozoite protein. Science 249 :1574–1577.
Rammensee HG, Friede T, Stevanovic S, 1995. MHC ligands and peptide motifs: first listing. Immunogenetics 41 :178–228.
Quakyi IA, Currier J, Fell A, Taylor DW, Roberts T, Houghten RA, England RD, Berzofsky JA, Miller LH, Good MF, 1994. Analysis of human T cell clones specific for conserved peptide sequences within malaria proteins. Paucity of clones responsive to intact parasites. J Immunol 153 :2082–2092.
Zevering Y, Khamboonruang C, Good MF, 1994. Effect of polymorphism of sporozoite antigens on T-cell activation. Res Im-munol 145 :469–476.
Arevalo-Herrera M, Valencia AZ, Vergara J, Bonelo A, Fleis-chhauer K, Gonzalez JM, Restrepo JC, Lopez JA, Valmori D, Corradin G, Herrera S, 2002. Identification of HLA-A2 restricted CD8(+) T-lymphocyte responses to Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein in individuals naturally exposed to malaria. Parasite Immunol 24 :161–169.
Zevering Y, Amante F, Smillie A, Currier J, Smith G, Houghten RA, Good MF, 1992. High frequency of malaria-specific T cells in non-exposed humans. Eur J Immunol 22 :689–696.
Rodrigues M, Nussenzweig RS, Romero P, Zavala F, 1992. The in vivo cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cell clones correlates with their levels of expression of adhesion molecules. J Exp Med 175 :895–905.
Braga EM, Carvalho LH, Fontes CJ, Krettli AU, 2002. Low cellular response in vitro among subjects with long-term exposure to malaria transmission in Brazilian endemic areas. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :299–303.
Goonewardene R, Carter R, Gamage CP, Del Giudice G, David PH, Howie S, Kendis KN, 1990. Human T cell proliferative responses to Plasmodium vivax antigens: evidence of immunosuppression following prolonged exposure to endemic malaria. Eur J Immunol 20 :1387–1391.
Ho M, Webster HK, Looareesuwan S, Supanaranond W, Phillips RE, Chanthavanich P, Warrell DA, 1986. Antigen-specific immunosuppression in human malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum.J Infect Dis 153 :763–771.
Troye-Blomberg M, Romero P, Patarroyo ME, Bjorkman A, Perlmann P, 1984. Regulation of the immune response in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. III. Proliferative response to antigen in vitro and subset composition of T cells from patients with acute infection or from immune donors. Clin Exp Immunol 58 :380–387.
Hirunpetcharat C, Good MF, 1998. Deletion of Plasmodium berghei-specific CD4+ T cells adoptively transferred into recipient mice following challenge with homologous parasite. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95 :1715–1720.
Wipasa J, Xu H, Stowers A, Good MF, 2001. Apoptotic deletion of helper T cells specific for the 19 kDa carboxyl terminal fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP119) during malaria infection.J Immunol 167 :3903–3909.
Xu H, Wipasa J, Yan H, Zeng M, Makobongo MO, Finkelman FD, Kelso A, Good MF, 2002. The mechanism and significance of deletion of parasite-specific CD4+ T cells in malaria infection. J Exp Med 195 :881–892.
Toure-Balde A, Sarthou JL, Aribot G, Michel P, Trape JR, Ro-gier C, Roussilhon C, 1996. Plasmodium falciparum induces apoptosis in human mononuclear cells. Infect Immun 64 :744–750.
Gould K, Cossins J, Bastin J, Brownlee GG, Townsend A, 1989. A 15 amino acid fragment of influenza nucleoprotein synthesized in the cytoplasm is presented to class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Exp Med 170 :1051–1056.
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CD8+ and CD4+ T cells are involved in immunity to the pre-erythrocytic stage of malaria. This study has been undertaken to define T cell epitopes on the Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and to analyze the early induction of immune response following infection. We identified CD4+ and CD8+ T epitopes recognized by different strains of mice as well as by humans. The CD4+ T cell response in mice was found to be similar in all strains, but variation between strains was evident. Five H-2d-restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, but no H-2k-or H-2b-restricted epitopes, could be defined. Non-H-2 genes were also able to regulate the response. In recently infected Thai adults, poor immunoresponsiveness was demonstrated. CTL activity and proliferative responses of T cells from malaria-exposed donors were very low. In contrast, exposed individuals had specific antibodies against the immunodominant repeats of both common strains of the P. vivax CSP; however, titers decreased following treatment.
Good MF, Doolan DL, 1999. Immune effector mechanisms in malaria. Curr Opin Immunol 11 :412–419.
Tsuji M, Romero P, Nussenzweig RS, Zavala F, 1990. CD4+ cytolytic T cell clone confers protection against murine malaria. J Exp Med 172 :1353–1357.
Weiss WR, Sedegah M, Beaudoin RL, Miller LH, Good MF, 1988. CD8+ T cells (cytotoxic/suppressors) are required for protection in mice immunized with malaria sporozoites. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 :573–576.
Hoffman SL, Oster CN, Mason C, Beier JC, Sherwood JA, Ballou WP, Mugambi M, Chulay JD, 1989. Human lymphocyte proliferative response to a sporozoite T cell epitope correlates with resistance to falciparum malaria. J Immunol 142 :1299–1303.
Doolan DL, Houghten RA, Good MF, 1991. Location of human cytotoxic T cell epitopes within a polymorphic domain of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein.Int Immunol 3 :511–516.
Malik A, Egan JE, Houghten RA, Sadoff JC, Hoffman SL, 1991. Human cytotoxic T lymphocytes against the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 :3300–3304.
Dontfraid F, Cochran MA, Pombo D, Knell JD, Quakyi IA, Kumar S, Houghten RA, Berzofsky JA, Miller LH, Good MF, 1988. Human and murine CD4 T cell epitopes map to the same region of the malaria circumsporozoite protein: limited immunogenicity of sporozoites and circumsporozoite protein. Mol Biol Med 5 :185–196.
Good MF, Kumar S, Weiss WR, Miller LH, 1989. T-cell antigenic sites of the malaria circumsporozoite protein. Blood 74 :895–900.
Kumar S, Miller LH, Quakyi IA, Keister DB, Houghten RA, Maloy WL, Moss B, Berzofsky JA, Good MF, 1988. Cytotoxic T cells specific for the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum.Nature 334 :258–260.
Avrameas S, Ternynck T, 1969. The cross-linking of proteins with glutaraldehyde and its use for the preparation of immunosorbents. Immunochemistry 6 :53–66.
Rosenberg R, Wirtz RA, Lanar DE, Sattabongkot J, Hall T, Waters AP, Prasittisuk C, 1989. Circumsporozoite protein heterogeneity in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.Science 245 :973–976.
Franke ED, Lucas CM, Chauca G, Wirtz RA, Hinostroza S, 1992. Antibody response to the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax in naturally infected humans. Am J Trop Med Hyg 46 :320–326.
Park CG, Chwae YJ, Kim JI, Lee JH, Hur GM, Jeon BH, Koh JS, Han JH, Lee SJ, Park JW, Kaslow DC, Strickman D, Roh CS, 2000. Serologic responses of Korean soldiers serving in malaria-endemic areas during a recent outbreak of Plasmodium vivax.Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :720–725.
Franke ED, Lucas CM, Roman San E, 1991. Antibody response in humans to the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax.Infect Immun 59 :2836–2838.
Zavala F, Cochrane AH, Naedin EH, Nussenzweig RS, Nussen-zweig V, 1983. Circumsporozoite proteins of malaria parasites contain a single immunodominant region with two or more identical epitopes. J Exp Med 157 :1947–1957.
Qari SH, Goldman IF, Povoa MM, Oliveira S, Alpers MP, Lal AA, 1991. Wide distribution of the variant form of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.J Biol Chem 266 :16297–16300.
Qari SH, Goldman IF, Povoa MM, di Santi S, Alpers MP, Lal AA, 1992. Polymorphism in the circumsporozoite protein of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.Mol Biochem Parasitol 55 :105–113.
Charoenvit Y, Collins WE, Jones TR, Millet P, Yuan L, Campbell GH, Beaudoin RL, Broderson JR, Hoffman SL, 1991. Inability of malaria vaccine to induce antibodies to a protective epitope within its sequence. Science 251 :668–671.
Collins WE, Sullivan JS, Morris CL, Galland GG, Jue DL, Fang S, Wohlhueter R, Reed RC, Yang C, Hunter RL, Lal AA, 1997. Protective immunity induced in squirrel monkeys with a multiple antigen construct against the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax.Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :200–210.
Thomas BE, Sridevi K, Chopra N, Haq W, Rao DN, 2001. Inducing a cell-mediated immune response against peptides of the Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 95 :573–586.
Nardin E, Clavijo P, Mons B, van Belkum A, Ponnudurai T, Nussenzweig RS, 1991. T cell epitopes of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax. Recognition by lymphocytes of a sporozoite-immunized chimpanzee. J Immunol 146 :1674–1678.
Rodrigues MM, Paiva AC, Dutra AP, Yoshida N, Nakaie C, 1991. Identification of epitopes within the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax recognized by murine T lymphocytes. Exp Parasitol 72 :271–277.
Bilsborough J, Carlisle M, Good MF, 1993. Identification of Caucasian CD4 T cell epitopes on the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax.J Immunol 151 :890–899.
Herrera S, Escobar P, de Plata C, Avila GI, Corradin G, Herrera MA, 1992. Human recognition of T cell epitopes on the Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein. J Immunol 148 :3986–3990.
Zevering Y, Houghten RA, Frazer IH, Good MF, 1990. Major population differences in T cell response to a malaria sporo-zoite vaccine candidate. Int Immunol 2 :945–955.
Doolan DL, Khamboonruang C, Beck H-P, Houghten RA, Good MF, 1993. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) low-responsiveness to the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein in naturally-exposed endemic populations: analysis of human CTL response to most known variants. Int Immunol 5 :37–46.
Blum-Tivouvanziam U, BeghdadiRais C, Roggero MA, Valmori D, Bertholet S, Bron C, Fasel N, Corradin G, 1994. Elicitation of specific cytotoxic T cells by immunization with malaria soluble synthetic polypeptides. J Immunol 153 :4134–4141.
Houghten RA, 1985. General method for the rapid solid-phase synthesis of large numbers of peptides: Specificity of antigen-antibody interaction at the level of individual amino acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82 :5131–5135.
Gotch F, Rothbard J, Howland K, Townsend A, McMichael A, 1987. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize a fragment of influenza virus matrix protein in association with HLA-A2. Nature 326 :881–882.
Vejbaesya S, Chantangpol R, Longta P, Chandanayingyong D, 1997. HLA class I typing by one-dimensional isoelectric focusing and identification of the new variants in Thai population. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 15 :21–27.
Chiewsilp P, Mongkolsuk T, Sujirachato K, 1997. A*02 in southern Thai Muslims and central Thais. J Med Assoc Thai 80 :S25–S29.
Valmori D, Romero JF, Men Y, Maryanski JL, Romero P, Corradin G, 1994. Induction of a cytotoxic T cell response by co-injection of a T helper peptide and a cytotoxic T lymphocyte peptide in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA): further enhancement by pre-injection of IFA alone. Eur J Immunol 24 :1458–1462.
Zevering Y, Khamboonruang C, Rungruengthanakit K, Tungvi-boonchai L, Ruengpipattanapan J, Bathurst I, Barr P, Good MF, 1994. Life-span of human T-cell responses to determinants from the circumsporozoite proteins of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 :6118–6122.
Panina-Bordignon P, Tan A, Termijtelen A, Demotz S, Corradin G, Lanzavecchia A, 1989. Universally immunogenic T cell epitopes: promiscuous binding to human MHC class II and promiscuous recognition by T cells. Eur J Immunol 19 :2237–2242.
Weiss WR, Good MF, Hollingdale MR, Miller LH, Berzofsky JA, 1989. Genetic control of immunity to Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites. J Immunol 143 :4263–4266.
Huang T, Cheng Q, Allan S, Huang Y, 1994. DNA sequencing of circumsporozoite protein genes of Plasmodium vivax from four different countries in west Pacific region: comparative study on the flank sequences. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 12 :85–92.
Lalvani A, Hurt N, Aidoo M, Kibatala P, Tanner M, Hill AV, 1996. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes to Plasmodium falciparum epitopes in an area of intense and perennial transmission in Tanzania. Eur J Immunol 26 :773.
Aley SB, Bates MD, Tam JP, Hollingdale MR, 1986. Synthetic peptides from the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium knowlesi recognize the human hepatoma cell line HepG2-A16 in vitro.J Exp Med 164 :1915–1922.
Pancake SJ, Holt GD, Mellouk S, Hoffman SL, 1992. Malaria sporozoites and circumsporozoite proteins bind specifically to sulfated glycoconjugates. J Cell Biol 117 :1351–1357.
Rich KA, George FW IV, Law JL, Martin WJ, 1990. Cell-adhesive motif in region II of malarial circumsporozoite protein. Science 249 :1574–1577.
Rammensee HG, Friede T, Stevanovic S, 1995. MHC ligands and peptide motifs: first listing. Immunogenetics 41 :178–228.
Quakyi IA, Currier J, Fell A, Taylor DW, Roberts T, Houghten RA, England RD, Berzofsky JA, Miller LH, Good MF, 1994. Analysis of human T cell clones specific for conserved peptide sequences within malaria proteins. Paucity of clones responsive to intact parasites. J Immunol 153 :2082–2092.
Zevering Y, Khamboonruang C, Good MF, 1994. Effect of polymorphism of sporozoite antigens on T-cell activation. Res Im-munol 145 :469–476.
Arevalo-Herrera M, Valencia AZ, Vergara J, Bonelo A, Fleis-chhauer K, Gonzalez JM, Restrepo JC, Lopez JA, Valmori D, Corradin G, Herrera S, 2002. Identification of HLA-A2 restricted CD8(+) T-lymphocyte responses to Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein in individuals naturally exposed to malaria. Parasite Immunol 24 :161–169.
Zevering Y, Amante F, Smillie A, Currier J, Smith G, Houghten RA, Good MF, 1992. High frequency of malaria-specific T cells in non-exposed humans. Eur J Immunol 22 :689–696.
Rodrigues M, Nussenzweig RS, Romero P, Zavala F, 1992. The in vivo cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cell clones correlates with their levels of expression of adhesion molecules. J Exp Med 175 :895–905.
Braga EM, Carvalho LH, Fontes CJ, Krettli AU, 2002. Low cellular response in vitro among subjects with long-term exposure to malaria transmission in Brazilian endemic areas. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :299–303.
Goonewardene R, Carter R, Gamage CP, Del Giudice G, David PH, Howie S, Kendis KN, 1990. Human T cell proliferative responses to Plasmodium vivax antigens: evidence of immunosuppression following prolonged exposure to endemic malaria. Eur J Immunol 20 :1387–1391.
Ho M, Webster HK, Looareesuwan S, Supanaranond W, Phillips RE, Chanthavanich P, Warrell DA, 1986. Antigen-specific immunosuppression in human malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum.J Infect Dis 153 :763–771.
Troye-Blomberg M, Romero P, Patarroyo ME, Bjorkman A, Perlmann P, 1984. Regulation of the immune response in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. III. Proliferative response to antigen in vitro and subset composition of T cells from patients with acute infection or from immune donors. Clin Exp Immunol 58 :380–387.
Hirunpetcharat C, Good MF, 1998. Deletion of Plasmodium berghei-specific CD4+ T cells adoptively transferred into recipient mice following challenge with homologous parasite. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95 :1715–1720.
Wipasa J, Xu H, Stowers A, Good MF, 2001. Apoptotic deletion of helper T cells specific for the 19 kDa carboxyl terminal fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP119) during malaria infection.J Immunol 167 :3903–3909.
Xu H, Wipasa J, Yan H, Zeng M, Makobongo MO, Finkelman FD, Kelso A, Good MF, 2002. The mechanism and significance of deletion of parasite-specific CD4+ T cells in malaria infection. J Exp Med 195 :881–892.
Toure-Balde A, Sarthou JL, Aribot G, Michel P, Trape JR, Ro-gier C, Roussilhon C, 1996. Plasmodium falciparum induces apoptosis in human mononuclear cells. Infect Immun 64 :744–750.
Gould K, Cossins J, Bastin J, Brownlee GG, Townsend A, 1989. A 15 amino acid fragment of influenza nucleoprotein synthesized in the cytoplasm is presented to class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Exp Med 170 :1051–1056.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 28 | 28 | 5 |
Full Text Views | 372 | 45 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 51 | 11 | 0 |