A RETROSPECTIVE EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF FEVER AND MICROGAMETOCYTE COUNT ON MOSQUITO INFECTION ON HUMANS INFECTED WITH PLASMODIUM VIVAX

WILLIAM E. COLLINS Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

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GEOFFREY M. JEFFERY Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

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JACQUELIN M. ROBERTS Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

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A retrospective examination was made of archival data collected between 1940 and 1963 on the infection of mosquitoes with the St. Elizabeth strain of Plasmodium vivax. Patients were undergoing malariatherapy for the treatment of neurosyphilis. A total of 845 lots of Anopheles quadrimaculatus mosquitoes were fed during primary infections and 76 during secondary infections. Average percentage infection during the primary infection was 56.55% versus 49.83% during the secondary infection. There appeared to be no relationship between microgametocye density, asexual parasite count, and percentage infection. However, very high fevers appear to have a significant effect on infection rates. Persons with fever ≥ 105°F showed the lowest rates of infectivity regardless of parasitemia; persons with moderate (101–104.8°F) fever produced somewhat higher rates, and persons with no fever had the highest levels of infection at all parasitemia levels greater than 1,500/μL

  • 1

    Collins WE, Jeffery GM, 1999. A retrospective examination of sporozoite- and trophozoite-induced infections with Plasmodium falciparum: development of parasitologic and clinical immunity during primary infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 (Suppl):4–19.

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  • 2

    Collins WE, Jeffery GM, 1999. A retrospective examination of secondary sporozoite- and trophozoite-induced infections with Plasmodium falciparum: development of parasitologic and clinical immunity following secondary infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 (Suppl):20–35.

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  • 3

    Collins WE, Jeffery GM, 1999. A retrospective examination of secondary sporozoite- and trophozoite-induced infections with Plasmodium falciparum in patients previously infected with heterologous species of Plasmodium: effect on development of parasitologic and clinical immunity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 (Suppl):36–43.

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  • 4

    Collins WE, Jeffery GM, 1999. A retrospective examination of patterns of recrudescence in patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum.Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 (Suppl):44–48.

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  • 5

    Diebner HH, Eichner M, Molineaux L, Collins WE, Jeffery GM, Dietz K, 2000. Modelling the transition to gametocytes from asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum.J Theorl Biol 202 :113–127.

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  • 6

    Molineaux L, Diebner HH, Eichner M, Collins WE, Jeffery GM, Dietz K, 2001. Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia described by a new mathematical model. Parasitology 122 :379–391.

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  • 7

    Makenzie FE, Collins WE, Jeffery GM, 2001. Plasmodium malariae blood stage dynamics. J Parasitol 87 :626–638.

  • 8

    Collins WE, Jeffery GM, 2002. A retrospective examination of sporozoite- and trophozoite-induced infections with Plasmodium ovale: development of parasitologic and clinical immunity during primary infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :492–502.

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  • 9

    Simpson JA, Aarons L, Collins WE, Jeffery GM, White NJ, 2002. Population dynamics of untreated Plasmodium falciparum malaria within the adult host during the expansion phase of the infection. Parasitology 124 :247–263.

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  • 10

    Eichner M, Diebner HH, Molineaux L, Collins WE, Jeffery GM, Dietz K, 2001. Genesis, sequestration, and survival of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes. Parameter estimates from fitting a model to malariatherapy data. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 :497–501.

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  • 11

    Molineaux L, Trauble M, Collins WE, Jeffery GM, Dietz K, 2002. Malaria therapy reinoculation data suggest individual variation in an inate immune response and independent acquisition of antiparasitic and antitoxic immunities. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96 :205–209.

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  • 12

    McKenzie E, Barnwell JW, Jeffery GM, Collins WE, 2002. Plasmodium vivax blood-stage dynamics. J Parasitol 88 :521–535.

  • 13

    McKenzie FE, Jeffery GM, Collins WE, 2002. Plasmodium malariae infection boosts Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte production. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :411–414.

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  • 14

    Collins WE, Jeffery GM, Roberts JM, 2003. A retrospective examination of anemia during infection of humans with Plasmodium vivax.Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :410–412.

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  • 15

    Collins WE, Jeffery GM, 2003. A retrospective examination of mosquito infection on humans infected with Plasmodium falciparum.Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :366–371.

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  • 16

    Collins WE, Jeffery GM, Roberts JM, 2004. A retrospective examination of reinfection of humans with Plasmodium vivax.Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :642–644.

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  • 17

    Earle WC, Perez M, 1932. Enumeration of parasites in the blood of malarial patients. J Lab Clin Med 17 :1124–1130.

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