Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Brown D, 1994. Freshwater Snails of Africa and Their Medical Importance. Second Edition. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd., 208–337.
-
2
Sturrock RF, Kinyanjui H, Thiongo FW, Tosha S, Ouma JH, King CH, Koech D, Siongok TK, Mahmoud AA, 1990. Chemotherapy-based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. 3. Snail studies monitoring the effect of chemotherapy on transmission in the Msambweni area, Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84 :257–261.
-
3
Sturrock RF, Klumpp RK, Ouma JH, Butterworth AE, Fulford AJ, Kariuki HC, Thiongo FW, Koech D, 1994. Observations on the effects of different chemotherapy strategies on the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in Machakos District, Kenya, measured by long-term snail sampling and cercariometry. Parasitology 109 :443–453.
-
4
el Kholy H, Arap Siongok TK, Koech D, Sturrock RF, Houser H, King CH, Mahmoud AA, 1989. Effects of borehole wells on water utilization in Schistosoma haematobium endemic communities in Coast Province, Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 41 :212–219.
-
5
King CH, Muchiri EM, Ouma JH, 2000. Evidence against rapid emergence of praziquantel resistance in Schistosoma haematobium, Kenya. Emerg Infect Dis 6 :585–594.
-
6
Kloos H, Higashi GI, Cattani JA, Schlinski VD, Mansour NS, Murrell KD, 1983. Water contact behavior and schistosomiasis in an Upper Egyptian village. Soc Sci Med 17 :545–562.
-
7
Kloos H, Fulford AJ, Butterworth AE, Sturrock RF, Ouma JH, Kariuki HC, Thiongo FW, Dalton PR, Klumpp RK, 1997. Spatial patterns of human water contact and Schistosoma mansoni transmission and infection in four rural areas in Machakos District, Kenya. Soc Sci Med 44 :949–968.
-
8
Brouwer KC, Ndhlovu PD, Wagatsuma Y, Munatsi A, Shiff CJ, 2003. Epidemiological assessment of Schistosoma haematobium-induced kidney and bladder pathology in rural Zimbabwe. Acta Trop 85 :339–347.
-
9
Zhou XN, Malone JB, Kristensen TK, Bergquist NR, 2001. Application of geographic information systems and remote sensing to schistosomiasis control in China. Acta Trop 79 :97–106.
-
10
Bavia ME, Malone JB, Hale L, Dantas A, Marroni L, Reis R, 2001. Use of thermal and vegetation index data from earth observing satellites to evaluate the risk of schistosomiasis in Bahia, Brazil. Acta Trop 79 :79–85.
-
11
Abdel-Rahman MS, El Bahy MM, Malone JB, Thompson RA, El Bahy NM, 2001. Geographic information systems as a tool for control program management for schistosomiasis in Egypt. Acta Trop 79 :49–57.
-
12
Bergquist R, Malone JB, Kristensen TK, 2000. Schistosomiasis information systems and control of snail-borne diseases. Parasitol Today 16 :363–364.
-
13
Bavia ME, Hale LF, Malone JB, Braud DH, Shane SM, 1999. Geographic information systems and the environmental risk of schistosomiasis in Bahia, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :566–572.
-
14
Malone JB, Huh OK, Fehler DP, Wilson PA, Wilensky DE, Holmes RA, Elmagdoub AI, 1994. Temperature data from satellite imagery and the distribution of schistosomiasis in Egypt. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50 :714–722.
-
15
Muchiri EM, Ouma JH, King CH, 1996. Dynamics and control of Schistosoma haematobium transmission in Kenya: an overview of the Msambweni Project. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :127–134.
-
16
Peters PA, Warren KS, Mahmoud AA, 1976. Rapid, accurate quantification of schistosome eggs via nuclepore filters. J Parasitol 62 :154–155.
-
17
Kitron UD, Higashi GI, 1985. Schistosoma haematobium in Upper Egypt: analysis of dispersion patterns. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34 :331–340.
-
18
King CH, Lombardi G, Lombardi C, Greenblatt R, Hodder S, Kinyanjui H, Ouma J, Odiambo O, Bryan PJ, Muruka J, 1988. Chemotherapy-based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. I. Metrifonate versus praziquantel in control of intensity and prevalence of infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 39 :295–305.
-
19
Chen D, Getis A, 1998. Point Pattern Analysis. San Diego, CA: Department of Geography, San Diego State University.
-
20
Interaction modeling using second-order analysis 1984. Interaction modeling using second-order analysis. Environ Plann A 16 :173–183.
-
21
Getis A, Ord JK, 1995. Local spatial statistics: an overview. Longley P, Batty M, eds. Spatial Analysis: Modeling in a GIS Environment. Cambridge: Geoinformation International, 261–277.
-
22
Ripley BD, 1976. The second-order analysis of stationary point processes. J Appl Prob 13 :255–266.
-
23
Getis A, Ord JK, 1992. The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics. Geogr Anal 24 :189–206.
-
24
Morrison AC, Getis A, Santiago M, Rigau-Perez JG, Reiter P, 1998. Exploratory space-time analysis of reported dengue cases during an outbreak in Florida, Puerto Rico, 1991–1992. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :287–298.
-
25
Kitron U, Jones CJ, Bouseman JK, Nelson JA, Baumgartner DL, 1992. Spatial analysis of the distribution of Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) on white-tailed deer in Ogle County, Illinois. J Med Entomol 29 :259–266.
-
26
Ripley BD, 1981. Spatial Statistics. New York: John Wiley.
-
27
Kitron U, 1998. Landscape ecology and epidemiology of vector-borne diseases: tools for spatial analysis. J Med Entomol 35 :435–445.
-
28
Ord JK, Getis A, 1995. Local spatial autocorrelation statistics: distributional issues and an application. Geogr Anal 27 :286–306.
-
29
Anselin L, 1995. Local indicators of spatial association-LISA. Geogr Anal 27 :93–115.
-
30
King CH, Blanton RE, Muchiri EM, Ouma JH, Kariuki CH, Mungai P, Magak P, Kadzo H, Ireri E, Koech DK, 2004. Low heritable component of risk for infection and infection-associated disease in urinary schistosomiasis among Wadigo village populations in Coast Province, Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :57–62.
-
31
Ofoezie JE, Christensen NO, Madsen H, 1998. Water contact patterns and behavioural knowledge of schistosomiasis in south-west Nigeria. J Biosoc Sci 30 :245–259.
-
32
Kahama AI, Vennervald BJ, Kombe Y, Kihara RW, Ndzovu M, Mungai P, Ouma JH, 1999. Parameters associated with Schistosoma haematobium infection before and after chemotherapy in school children from two villages in the coast province of Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 4 :335–340.
-
33
Chandiwana SK, 1987. Community water-contact patterns and the transmission of Schistosoma haematobium in the highveld region of Zimbabwe. Soc Sci Med 25 :495–505.
-
34
Tayo MA, Pugh RN, Bradley AK, 1980. Malumfashi Endemic Diseases Research Project, XI. Water-contact activities in the schistosomiasis study area. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 74 :347–354.
-
35
Mansour NS, Higashi GI, Schinski VD, Murrell KD, 1981. A longitudinal study of Schistosoma haematobium infection in Qena governorate, Upper Egypt. 1. Initial epidemiological findings. Am J Trop Med Hyg 30 :795–805.
-
36
Husting EL, 1983. Human water contact activities related to the transmission of bilharziasis (schistosomiasis). J Trop Med Hyg 86 :23–35.
-
37
Bithell JF, 1992. Statistical methods for analysing point-source exposures. Elliott P, Cuzick J, English D, Stern R, eds. Geographical and Environmental Epidemiology: Methods for Small-Area Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 221–237.
-
38
Rodrigues LC, Wheeler JG, Shier R, Guerra HL, Pimenta F Jr, Lima e Costa MF, 2000. Predicting the community prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni from the prevalence among 7- to 14-year-olds. Parasitology 121 :507–512.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 22 | 22 | 8 |
| Full Text Views | 339 | 94 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 140 | 25 | 3 |
SPATIAL PATTERNS OF URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS INFECTION IN A HIGHLY ENDEMIC AREA OF COASTAL KENYA
JULIE A. CLENNON
JULIE A. CLENNON
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Vector Borne Diseases Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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CHARLES H. KING
CHARLES H. KING
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Vector Borne Diseases Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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ERIC M. MUCHIRI
ERIC M. MUCHIRI
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Vector Borne Diseases Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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H. CURTIS KARIUKI
H. CURTIS KARIUKI
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Vector Borne Diseases Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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JOHN H. OUMA
JOHN H. OUMA
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Vector Borne Diseases Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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PETER MUNGAI
PETER MUNGAI
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Vector Borne Diseases Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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URIEL KITRON
URIEL KITRON
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Vector Borne Diseases Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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Urinary schistosomiasis remains a major contributor to the disease burden along the southern coast of Kenya. Selective identification of transmission hot spots offers the potential for more effective, highly-focal snail control and human chemotherapy to reduce Schistosoma haematobium transmission. In the present study, a geographic information system was used to integrate demographic, parasitologic, and household location data for an endemic village and neighboring households with the biotic, abiotic, and location data for snail collection/water contact sites. A global spatial statistic was used to detect area-wide trends of clustering for human infection at the household level. Local spatial statistics were then applied to detect specific household clusters of infection, and, as a focal spatial statistic, to evaluate clustering of infection around a putative transmission site. High infection intensities were clustered significantly around a water contact site with high numbers of snails shedding S. haematobium cercariae. When age was considered, clustering was found to be significant at different distances for different age groups.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Brown D, 1994. Freshwater Snails of Africa and Their Medical Importance. Second Edition. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd., 208–337.
-
2
Sturrock RF, Kinyanjui H, Thiongo FW, Tosha S, Ouma JH, King CH, Koech D, Siongok TK, Mahmoud AA, 1990. Chemotherapy-based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. 3. Snail studies monitoring the effect of chemotherapy on transmission in the Msambweni area, Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84 :257–261.
-
3
Sturrock RF, Klumpp RK, Ouma JH, Butterworth AE, Fulford AJ, Kariuki HC, Thiongo FW, Koech D, 1994. Observations on the effects of different chemotherapy strategies on the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in Machakos District, Kenya, measured by long-term snail sampling and cercariometry. Parasitology 109 :443–453.
-
4
el Kholy H, Arap Siongok TK, Koech D, Sturrock RF, Houser H, King CH, Mahmoud AA, 1989. Effects of borehole wells on water utilization in Schistosoma haematobium endemic communities in Coast Province, Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 41 :212–219.
-
5
King CH, Muchiri EM, Ouma JH, 2000. Evidence against rapid emergence of praziquantel resistance in Schistosoma haematobium, Kenya. Emerg Infect Dis 6 :585–594.
-
6
Kloos H, Higashi GI, Cattani JA, Schlinski VD, Mansour NS, Murrell KD, 1983. Water contact behavior and schistosomiasis in an Upper Egyptian village. Soc Sci Med 17 :545–562.
-
7
Kloos H, Fulford AJ, Butterworth AE, Sturrock RF, Ouma JH, Kariuki HC, Thiongo FW, Dalton PR, Klumpp RK, 1997. Spatial patterns of human water contact and Schistosoma mansoni transmission and infection in four rural areas in Machakos District, Kenya. Soc Sci Med 44 :949–968.
-
8
Brouwer KC, Ndhlovu PD, Wagatsuma Y, Munatsi A, Shiff CJ, 2003. Epidemiological assessment of Schistosoma haematobium-induced kidney and bladder pathology in rural Zimbabwe. Acta Trop 85 :339–347.
-
9
Zhou XN, Malone JB, Kristensen TK, Bergquist NR, 2001. Application of geographic information systems and remote sensing to schistosomiasis control in China. Acta Trop 79 :97–106.
-
10
Bavia ME, Malone JB, Hale L, Dantas A, Marroni L, Reis R, 2001. Use of thermal and vegetation index data from earth observing satellites to evaluate the risk of schistosomiasis in Bahia, Brazil. Acta Trop 79 :79–85.
-
11
Abdel-Rahman MS, El Bahy MM, Malone JB, Thompson RA, El Bahy NM, 2001. Geographic information systems as a tool for control program management for schistosomiasis in Egypt. Acta Trop 79 :49–57.
-
12
Bergquist R, Malone JB, Kristensen TK, 2000. Schistosomiasis information systems and control of snail-borne diseases. Parasitol Today 16 :363–364.
-
13
Bavia ME, Hale LF, Malone JB, Braud DH, Shane SM, 1999. Geographic information systems and the environmental risk of schistosomiasis in Bahia, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :566–572.
-
14
Malone JB, Huh OK, Fehler DP, Wilson PA, Wilensky DE, Holmes RA, Elmagdoub AI, 1994. Temperature data from satellite imagery and the distribution of schistosomiasis in Egypt. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50 :714–722.
-
15
Muchiri EM, Ouma JH, King CH, 1996. Dynamics and control of Schistosoma haematobium transmission in Kenya: an overview of the Msambweni Project. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :127–134.
-
16
Peters PA, Warren KS, Mahmoud AA, 1976. Rapid, accurate quantification of schistosome eggs via nuclepore filters. J Parasitol 62 :154–155.
-
17
Kitron UD, Higashi GI, 1985. Schistosoma haematobium in Upper Egypt: analysis of dispersion patterns. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34 :331–340.
-
18
King CH, Lombardi G, Lombardi C, Greenblatt R, Hodder S, Kinyanjui H, Ouma J, Odiambo O, Bryan PJ, Muruka J, 1988. Chemotherapy-based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. I. Metrifonate versus praziquantel in control of intensity and prevalence of infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 39 :295–305.
-
19
Chen D, Getis A, 1998. Point Pattern Analysis. San Diego, CA: Department of Geography, San Diego State University.
-
20
Interaction modeling using second-order analysis 1984. Interaction modeling using second-order analysis. Environ Plann A 16 :173–183.
-
21
Getis A, Ord JK, 1995. Local spatial statistics: an overview. Longley P, Batty M, eds. Spatial Analysis: Modeling in a GIS Environment. Cambridge: Geoinformation International, 261–277.
-
22
Ripley BD, 1976. The second-order analysis of stationary point processes. J Appl Prob 13 :255–266.
-
23
Getis A, Ord JK, 1992. The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics. Geogr Anal 24 :189–206.
-
24
Morrison AC, Getis A, Santiago M, Rigau-Perez JG, Reiter P, 1998. Exploratory space-time analysis of reported dengue cases during an outbreak in Florida, Puerto Rico, 1991–1992. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :287–298.
-
25
Kitron U, Jones CJ, Bouseman JK, Nelson JA, Baumgartner DL, 1992. Spatial analysis of the distribution of Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) on white-tailed deer in Ogle County, Illinois. J Med Entomol 29 :259–266.
-
26
Ripley BD, 1981. Spatial Statistics. New York: John Wiley.
-
27
Kitron U, 1998. Landscape ecology and epidemiology of vector-borne diseases: tools for spatial analysis. J Med Entomol 35 :435–445.
-
28
Ord JK, Getis A, 1995. Local spatial autocorrelation statistics: distributional issues and an application. Geogr Anal 27 :286–306.
-
29
Anselin L, 1995. Local indicators of spatial association-LISA. Geogr Anal 27 :93–115.
-
30
King CH, Blanton RE, Muchiri EM, Ouma JH, Kariuki CH, Mungai P, Magak P, Kadzo H, Ireri E, Koech DK, 2004. Low heritable component of risk for infection and infection-associated disease in urinary schistosomiasis among Wadigo village populations in Coast Province, Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :57–62.
-
31
Ofoezie JE, Christensen NO, Madsen H, 1998. Water contact patterns and behavioural knowledge of schistosomiasis in south-west Nigeria. J Biosoc Sci 30 :245–259.
-
32
Kahama AI, Vennervald BJ, Kombe Y, Kihara RW, Ndzovu M, Mungai P, Ouma JH, 1999. Parameters associated with Schistosoma haematobium infection before and after chemotherapy in school children from two villages in the coast province of Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 4 :335–340.
-
33
Chandiwana SK, 1987. Community water-contact patterns and the transmission of Schistosoma haematobium in the highveld region of Zimbabwe. Soc Sci Med 25 :495–505.
-
34
Tayo MA, Pugh RN, Bradley AK, 1980. Malumfashi Endemic Diseases Research Project, XI. Water-contact activities in the schistosomiasis study area. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 74 :347–354.
-
35
Mansour NS, Higashi GI, Schinski VD, Murrell KD, 1981. A longitudinal study of Schistosoma haematobium infection in Qena governorate, Upper Egypt. 1. Initial epidemiological findings. Am J Trop Med Hyg 30 :795–805.
-
36
Husting EL, 1983. Human water contact activities related to the transmission of bilharziasis (schistosomiasis). J Trop Med Hyg 86 :23–35.
-
37
Bithell JF, 1992. Statistical methods for analysing point-source exposures. Elliott P, Cuzick J, English D, Stern R, eds. Geographical and Environmental Epidemiology: Methods for Small-Area Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 221–237.
-
38
Rodrigues LC, Wheeler JG, Shier R, Guerra HL, Pimenta F Jr, Lima e Costa MF, 2000. Predicting the community prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni from the prevalence among 7- to 14-year-olds. Parasitology 121 :507–512.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 22 | 22 | 8 |
| Full Text Views | 339 | 94 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 140 | 25 | 3 |