WIDESPREAD OCCURRENCE OF THE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM CHLOROQUINE RESISTANCE TRANSPORTER (PFCRT) GENE HAPLOTYPE SVMNT IN P. FALCIPARUM MALARIA IN INDIA

P. G. VATHSALA Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Malaria Research Centre, Delhi, India; Malaria Research Centre, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India; Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India; Institute for Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

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A. PRAMANIK Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Malaria Research Centre, Delhi, India; Malaria Research Centre, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India; Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India; Institute for Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

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S. DHANASEKARAN Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Malaria Research Centre, Delhi, India; Malaria Research Centre, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India; Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India; Institute for Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

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C. USHA DEVI Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Malaria Research Centre, Delhi, India; Malaria Research Centre, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India; Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India; Institute for Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

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C. R. PILLAI Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Malaria Research Centre, Delhi, India; Malaria Research Centre, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India; Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India; Institute for Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

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S. K. SUBBARAO Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Malaria Research Centre, Delhi, India; Malaria Research Centre, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India; Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India; Institute for Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

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S. K. GHOSH Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Malaria Research Centre, Delhi, India; Malaria Research Centre, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India; Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India; Institute for Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

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S. N. TIWARI Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Malaria Research Centre, Delhi, India; Malaria Research Centre, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India; Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India; Institute for Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

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T. S. SATHYANARAYAN Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Malaria Research Centre, Delhi, India; Malaria Research Centre, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India; Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India; Institute for Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

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P. R. DESHPANDE Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Malaria Research Centre, Delhi, India; Malaria Research Centre, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India; Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India; Institute for Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

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G. C. MISHRA Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Malaria Research Centre, Delhi, India; Malaria Research Centre, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India; Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India; Institute for Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

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M. R. RANJIT Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Malaria Research Centre, Delhi, India; Malaria Research Centre, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India; Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India; Institute for Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

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A. P. DASH Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Malaria Research Centre, Delhi, India; Malaria Research Centre, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India; Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India; Institute for Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

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P. N. RANGARAJAN Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Malaria Research Centre, Delhi, India; Malaria Research Centre, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India; Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India; Institute for Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

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G. PADMANABAN Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Malaria Research Centre, Delhi, India; Malaria Research Centre, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India; Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India; Institute for Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

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The Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (Pfcrt) K76T mutation and haplotype (amino acids 72–76) and the P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (Pfmdr1) mutation (N86Y) were analyzed as markers of chloroquine resistance in the DNAs of 73 blood samples from patients with P. falciparum malaria in India. Seventy of the 73 DNAs had the Pfcrt K76T mutation. Of these, 66 had the SVMNT haplotype and four had CVIET, the African/Southeast Asian haplotype. Only 20 of 69 DNAs had the Pfmdr1 N86Y mutation. It is surprising that the Pfcrt haplotype in India is predominantly SVMNT, rather than that seen in Southeast Asia. The widespread prevalence of the Pfcrt K76T mutation is a cause for concern.

Author Notes

Reprint requests: G. Padmanaban, Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India, Fax: 91-80-360-1492, E-mail: geepee@biochem.iisc.ernet.in.
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