ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
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-
1
World Health Organization, 1975. Manual on Practical Entomology in Malaria. Part II. Methods and Techniques. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
2
Davis JR, Hall T, Chee EM, Majala A, Minjas J, Shiff CJ, 1995. Comparison of sampling anopheline mosquitoes by light-trap and human-bait collections indoors at Bagamoyo, Tanzania. Med Vet Entomol 9: 249–255.
-
3
Lines JD, Curtis CF, Wilkes TJ, Njunwa KJ, 1991. Monitoring human-biting mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae) in Tanzania with light-traps hung beside mosquito nets. Bull Entomol Res 81: 77–84.
-
4
Service MW, 1977. A critical review of procedures for sampling populations of adult mosquitoes. Bull Entomol Res 67: 343–382.
-
5
Githeko AK, Mbogo CN, Curtis CF, Lines J, Lengeler C, 1996. Entomological monitoring of large-scale vector-control interventions. Parasitol Today 12: 127–128.
-
6
MacDonald G, 1957. The Epidemiology and Control of Malaria. London: Oxford University Press.
-
7
Garrett-Jones C, 1964. The human blood index of malarial vectors in relationship to epidemiological assessment. Bull World Health Organ 30: 241–261.
-
8
Mbogo CN, Glass GE, Forster D, Kabiru EW, Githure JI, Ouma JH, Beier JC, 1993. Evaluation of light traps for sampling anopheline mosquitoes in Kilifi, Kenya. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 9: 260–263.
-
9
Smith T, 1995. Proportionality between light trap catches and biting densities of malaria vectors. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 11: 377–378.
-
10
Mathenge EM, Killeen GF, Oulo DO, Irungu LW, Ndegwa PN, Knols BGJ, 2002. Development of an exposure-free bed net trap for sampling of Afrotropical mosquitoes. Med Vet Entomol 16: 67–74.
-
11
Knols BGJ, Njiru BN, Mathenge EM, Mukabana RW, Beier JC, Killeen GF, 2002. MalariaSphere: a greenhouse-enclosed simulation of a natural Anopheles gambiae (Diptera:Culicidae) ecosystem in western Kenya. Malar J 1: 19.
-
12
Minakawa N, Mutero CM, Githure JI, Beier JC, Yan G, 1999. Spatial distribution and habitat characterization of anopheline mosquito larvea in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 1010–1016.
-
13
Mutero CM, Ouma JH, Agak BK, Wanderi JA, Copeland RS, 1998. Malaria prevalence and use of self-protection measures against mosquitoes in Suba district. East Afr Med J 75: 11–15.
-
14
Gilles MT, De Meillon B, 1968. The Anophelinae of Africa, South of Sahara. Johannesburg: South African Institute of Medical Research.
-
15
Gilles MT, Coetzee M, 1987. A Suppliment to the Anophelinae of Africa South of Sahara. Johannesburg: South African Institute of Medical Research.
-
16
Detinova TS, 1962. Age-Grouping Methods in Diptera of Medical Importance, with Special Reference to Some Vectors of Malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
17
Burkot TR, Williams JL, Schneider I, 1984. Identification of Plasmodium falciparum-infected mosquitoes by a double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33: 783–788.
-
18
Scott JA, Brogdon WG, Collins FH, 1993. Identification of single specimens of the Anopheles gambiae complex by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49: 520–529.
-
19
Spiegehalter D, Thomas A, Best N, 2000. WinBugs Version 1.3.Available from: URL: http://www.mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk/bugs/welcome.shtml.
-
20
Hii JLK, Smith T, Mai A, Ibam E, Alpers MP, 2000. Comparison between anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae) caught using different methods in a malaria endemic area of Papua New Guinea. Bull Entomol Res 90: 211–219.
-
21
Mboera LE, Kihonda J, Braks MA, Knols BG, 1998. Short report: Influence of centers for disease control light trap position, relative to a human-baited bed net, on catches of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus in Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 595–596.
-
22
Costantini C, Sagnon NF, Sanogo E, Merzagora L, Coluzzi M, 1998. Relationship to human biting collections and influence of light and bed net in CDC light-trap of West African malaria vectors. Bull Entomol Res 88: 503–511.
-
23
Githeko AK, Service MW, Mbogo CM, Atieli FK, Juma FO, 1994. Sampling Anopheles arabiensis, A. gambiae sensu lato and A. funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) with CDC light traps near a rice irrigation area and a sugarcane belt in western Kenya. Bull Entomol Res 84: 319–324.
-
24
Ribeiro JMC, Seulu F, Abose T, Kidane G, Teklehaimanot A, 1996. Temporal and spatial distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in an Ethiopian village: implications for malaria control strategies. Bull World Health Organ 74: 299–305.
-
25
Lindblade KA, Walker ED, Wilson ML, 2000. Early warning of malaria epidemics in African highlands using Anopheles (Diptera:Culicidae) indoor resting density. J Med Entomol 37: 664–674.
-
26
Magbity EB, Lines JD, 2002. Spatial and temporal distribution of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) in two Tanzanian villages: implications for designing mosquito sampling routines. Bull Entomol Res 92: 483–488.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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COMPARATIVE FIELD EVALUATION OF THE MBITA TRAP, THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL LIGHT TRAP, AND THE HUMAN LANDING CATCH FOR SAMPLING OF MALARIA VECTORS IN WESTERN KENYA
EVAN M. MATHENGE
EVAN M. MATHENGE
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Mbita Point Research and Training Centre, Mbita Point, Kenya; Department of Zoology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Vector Biology Research and Control Centre, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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GEORGE O. OMWERI
GEORGE O. OMWERI
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Mbita Point Research and Training Centre, Mbita Point, Kenya; Department of Zoology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Vector Biology Research and Control Centre, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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LUCY W. IRUNGU
LUCY W. IRUNGU
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Mbita Point Research and Training Centre, Mbita Point, Kenya; Department of Zoology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Vector Biology Research and Control Centre, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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PAUL N. NDEGWA
PAUL N. NDEGWA
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Mbita Point Research and Training Centre, Mbita Point, Kenya; Department of Zoology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Vector Biology Research and Control Centre, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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ELIZABETH WALCZAK
ELIZABETH WALCZAK
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Mbita Point Research and Training Centre, Mbita Point, Kenya; Department of Zoology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Vector Biology Research and Control Centre, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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TOM A. SMITH
TOM A. SMITH
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Mbita Point Research and Training Centre, Mbita Point, Kenya; Department of Zoology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Vector Biology Research and Control Centre, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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GERRY F. KILLEEN
GERRY F. KILLEEN
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Mbita Point Research and Training Centre, Mbita Point, Kenya; Department of Zoology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Vector Biology Research and Control Centre, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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BART G. J. KNOLS
BART G. J. KNOLS
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Mbita Point Research and Training Centre, Mbita Point, Kenya; Department of Zoology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Vector Biology Research and Control Centre, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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The mosquito sampling efficiency of a new bed net trap (the Mbita trap) was compared with that of the Centers for Disease Control miniature light trap (hung adjacent to an occupied bed net) and the human landing catch in western Kenya. Overall, the Mbita trap caught 48.7 ± 4.8% (mean ± SEM) the number of Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu lato caught in the human landing catch and 27.4 ± 8.2% of the number caught by the light trap. The corresponding figures for Anopheles funestus Giles were 74.6 ± 1.3% and 39.2 ± 1.9%, respectively. Despite the clear differences in the numbers of mosquitoes caught by each method, both the Mbita trap and light trap catches were directly proportional to human landing catches regardless of mosquito density. No significant differences in parity or sporozoite incidence were observed between mosquitoes caught by the three methods for either An. gambiae s.l. or An. funestus. Identification of the sibling species of the An. gambiae complex by a polymerase chain reaction indicated that the ratio of An. gambiae Giles sensu stricto to An. arabiensis Patton did not vary according to the sampling method used. It is concluded that the Mbita trap is a promising tool for sampling malaria vector populations since its catch can be readily converted into equivalent human biting catch, it can be applied more intensively, it requires neither expensive equipment nor skilled personnel, and it samples mosquitoes in an exposure-free manner. Such intensive sampling capability will allow cost-effective surveillance of malaria transmission at much finer spatial and temporal resolution than has been previously possible.
Author Notes
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-
1
World Health Organization, 1975. Manual on Practical Entomology in Malaria. Part II. Methods and Techniques. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
2
Davis JR, Hall T, Chee EM, Majala A, Minjas J, Shiff CJ, 1995. Comparison of sampling anopheline mosquitoes by light-trap and human-bait collections indoors at Bagamoyo, Tanzania. Med Vet Entomol 9: 249–255.
-
3
Lines JD, Curtis CF, Wilkes TJ, Njunwa KJ, 1991. Monitoring human-biting mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae) in Tanzania with light-traps hung beside mosquito nets. Bull Entomol Res 81: 77–84.
-
4
Service MW, 1977. A critical review of procedures for sampling populations of adult mosquitoes. Bull Entomol Res 67: 343–382.
-
5
Githeko AK, Mbogo CN, Curtis CF, Lines J, Lengeler C, 1996. Entomological monitoring of large-scale vector-control interventions. Parasitol Today 12: 127–128.
-
6
MacDonald G, 1957. The Epidemiology and Control of Malaria. London: Oxford University Press.
-
7
Garrett-Jones C, 1964. The human blood index of malarial vectors in relationship to epidemiological assessment. Bull World Health Organ 30: 241–261.
-
8
Mbogo CN, Glass GE, Forster D, Kabiru EW, Githure JI, Ouma JH, Beier JC, 1993. Evaluation of light traps for sampling anopheline mosquitoes in Kilifi, Kenya. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 9: 260–263.
-
9
Smith T, 1995. Proportionality between light trap catches and biting densities of malaria vectors. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 11: 377–378.
-
10
Mathenge EM, Killeen GF, Oulo DO, Irungu LW, Ndegwa PN, Knols BGJ, 2002. Development of an exposure-free bed net trap for sampling of Afrotropical mosquitoes. Med Vet Entomol 16: 67–74.
-
11
Knols BGJ, Njiru BN, Mathenge EM, Mukabana RW, Beier JC, Killeen GF, 2002. MalariaSphere: a greenhouse-enclosed simulation of a natural Anopheles gambiae (Diptera:Culicidae) ecosystem in western Kenya. Malar J 1: 19.
-
12
Minakawa N, Mutero CM, Githure JI, Beier JC, Yan G, 1999. Spatial distribution and habitat characterization of anopheline mosquito larvea in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 1010–1016.
-
13
Mutero CM, Ouma JH, Agak BK, Wanderi JA, Copeland RS, 1998. Malaria prevalence and use of self-protection measures against mosquitoes in Suba district. East Afr Med J 75: 11–15.
-
14
Gilles MT, De Meillon B, 1968. The Anophelinae of Africa, South of Sahara. Johannesburg: South African Institute of Medical Research.
-
15
Gilles MT, Coetzee M, 1987. A Suppliment to the Anophelinae of Africa South of Sahara. Johannesburg: South African Institute of Medical Research.
-
16
Detinova TS, 1962. Age-Grouping Methods in Diptera of Medical Importance, with Special Reference to Some Vectors of Malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
17
Burkot TR, Williams JL, Schneider I, 1984. Identification of Plasmodium falciparum-infected mosquitoes by a double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33: 783–788.
-
18
Scott JA, Brogdon WG, Collins FH, 1993. Identification of single specimens of the Anopheles gambiae complex by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49: 520–529.
-
19
Spiegehalter D, Thomas A, Best N, 2000. WinBugs Version 1.3.Available from: URL: http://www.mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk/bugs/welcome.shtml.
-
20
Hii JLK, Smith T, Mai A, Ibam E, Alpers MP, 2000. Comparison between anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae) caught using different methods in a malaria endemic area of Papua New Guinea. Bull Entomol Res 90: 211–219.
-
21
Mboera LE, Kihonda J, Braks MA, Knols BG, 1998. Short report: Influence of centers for disease control light trap position, relative to a human-baited bed net, on catches of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus in Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 595–596.
-
22
Costantini C, Sagnon NF, Sanogo E, Merzagora L, Coluzzi M, 1998. Relationship to human biting collections and influence of light and bed net in CDC light-trap of West African malaria vectors. Bull Entomol Res 88: 503–511.
-
23
Githeko AK, Service MW, Mbogo CM, Atieli FK, Juma FO, 1994. Sampling Anopheles arabiensis, A. gambiae sensu lato and A. funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) with CDC light traps near a rice irrigation area and a sugarcane belt in western Kenya. Bull Entomol Res 84: 319–324.
-
24
Ribeiro JMC, Seulu F, Abose T, Kidane G, Teklehaimanot A, 1996. Temporal and spatial distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in an Ethiopian village: implications for malaria control strategies. Bull World Health Organ 74: 299–305.
-
25
Lindblade KA, Walker ED, Wilson ML, 2000. Early warning of malaria epidemics in African highlands using Anopheles (Diptera:Culicidae) indoor resting density. J Med Entomol 37: 664–674.
-
26
Magbity EB, Lines JD, 2002. Spatial and temporal distribution of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) in two Tanzanian villages: implications for designing mosquito sampling routines. Bull Entomol Res 92: 483–488.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 578 | 543 | 12 |
| Full Text Views | 313 | 4 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 118 | 4 | 0 |