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1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000. Palmar pallor as an indicator for antihelminthic treatment among ill children aged 2–4 years – western Kenya, 1998. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 49 :278–281.
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2
Persson A, Rombo L, 1994. Intestinal parasites in refugees and asylum seekers entering the Stockholm area, 1987–88: evaluation of routine stool screening. Scand J Infect Dis 26 :199–207.
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3
Hayes EB, Talbot SB, Matheson ES, Pressler HM, Hanna AB, McCarthy CA, 1998. Health status of pediatric refugees in Portland, ME. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 152 :564–568.
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4
Geltman PL, Radin M, Zhang Z, Cochran J, Meyers AF, 2001. Growth status and related medical conditions among refugee children in Massachusetts, 1995–1998. Am J Public Health 91 :1800–1805.
-
5
Gyorkos TW, MacLean JD, Viens P, Chheang C, Kokoskin-Nelson E, 1992. Intestinal parasite infection in the Kampuchean refugee population 6 years after resettlement in Canada. J Infect Dis 166 :413–417.
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6
Liu LX, Weller PF, 1996. Antiparasitic drugs. N Engl J Med 334 :1178–1184.
-
7
Abramowicz M, ed. Drugs for parasitic infections. The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics. March 2000; On-line edition.
-
8
Watkins WE, Pollitt E, 1996. Effect of removing Ascaris on the growth of Guatemalan schoolchildren. Pediatrics 97 :871–876.
-
9
Raccurt CP, Lambert MT, Bouloumie J, Ripert C, 1990. Evaluation of the treatment of intestinal helminthiases with albendazole in Djohong (North Camaroon). Trop Med Parasitol 41 :46–48.
-
10
Hall A, Nahar Q, 1994. Albendazole and infections with Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura in children in Bangladesh. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :110–112.
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11
Hall A, Nahar Q, 1993. Albendazole as a treatment for infections with Giardia duodenalis in children in Bangladesh. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87 :84–86.
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12
Kollaritsch H, Jeschko E, Wiedermann G, 1993. Albendazole is highly effective against cutaneous larva migrans but not against Giardia infection: results of an open pilot trial in travelers returning from the tropics. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87 :689.
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13
Chavez B. Espinosa-Cantellano M, Cedillo Rivera R, Ramirez A, Martinez-Palomo A, 1992. Effects of albendazole on Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Arch Med Res 23 :63–67.
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14
Cedillo-Rivera R, Chavez B, Gonzalez-Robles A, Tapia A, Yepez-Mulia L, 2002. In vitro effect of nitazoxanide against Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites. J Eukaryot Microbiol 49 :201–208.
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15
Muennig P, Pallin D, Sell RL, Chan MS, 1999. The cost effectiveness of strategies for the treatment of intestinal parasites in immigrants. N Engl J Med 340 :773–779.
-
16
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1998. Enhanced medical assessment strategy for Barawan Somalian refugees –Kenya, 1997. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 46 :1250–1253.
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17
Miller JM, Boyd HA, Ostrowski SR, Cookson ST, Parise ME, Gonzaga PS, Addiss DG, Wilson M, Nguyen-Dinh P, Wahlquist SP, Weld LH, Wainwright RB, Gushulak BD, Cetron MS, 2000. Malaria, intestinal parasites, and schistosomiasis among Barawan Somalian refugees resettling to the United States: a strategy to reduce morbidity and decrease the risk of imported infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :115–121.
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INTESTINAL PARASITES AMONG AFRICAN REFUGEES RESETTLED IN MASSACHUSETTS AND THE IMPACT OF AN OVERSEAS PRE-DEPARTURE TREATMENT PROGRAM
PAUL L. GELTMAN
PAUL L. GELTMAN
Refugee and Immigrant Health Program, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Massachusetts
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JENNIFER COCHRAN
JENNIFER COCHRAN
Refugee and Immigrant Health Program, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Massachusetts
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CRESSIDA HEDGECOCK
CRESSIDA HEDGECOCK
Refugee and Immigrant Health Program, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Massachusetts
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This study analyzed the prevalence of intestinal parasitoses diagnosed shortly after arrival in the United States among African refugees before and after implementation of an overseas program of empirical treatment with albendazole. Variables included results of microscopy of a single stool specimen, age, sex, ethnicity, departure origin, and receipt of albendazole. Of 1,254 refugees, 56% had intestinal parasites. Fourteen percent had helminths, and 2% had multiple helminths. In addition, 52% had protozoans with 25% having multiple protozoans. The most common pathogens were Giardia lamblia (14%) and Trichuris trichiura (9%). Overall, refugees who arrived in Massachusetts after implementation of the treatment program were less likely to have any parasites (odds ratio [OR] =0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.47–0.78) and helminths (OR =0.15, 95% CI =0.09–0.24) than refugees who arrived previously. These more recently arrived refugees were also less likely to have hookworm (OR = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.00–0.29), Trichuris (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.02–0.13), Ascaris (OR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.01–0.58), and Entamoeba histolytica (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.26–0.86). Empirically treating refugees prior to departure for the United States appears to have resulted in decreases in intestinal helminths and possibly some protozoans among African refugees tested shortly after arrival in this country.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
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-
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000. Palmar pallor as an indicator for antihelminthic treatment among ill children aged 2–4 years – western Kenya, 1998. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 49 :278–281.
-
2
Persson A, Rombo L, 1994. Intestinal parasites in refugees and asylum seekers entering the Stockholm area, 1987–88: evaluation of routine stool screening. Scand J Infect Dis 26 :199–207.
-
3
Hayes EB, Talbot SB, Matheson ES, Pressler HM, Hanna AB, McCarthy CA, 1998. Health status of pediatric refugees in Portland, ME. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 152 :564–568.
-
4
Geltman PL, Radin M, Zhang Z, Cochran J, Meyers AF, 2001. Growth status and related medical conditions among refugee children in Massachusetts, 1995–1998. Am J Public Health 91 :1800–1805.
-
5
Gyorkos TW, MacLean JD, Viens P, Chheang C, Kokoskin-Nelson E, 1992. Intestinal parasite infection in the Kampuchean refugee population 6 years after resettlement in Canada. J Infect Dis 166 :413–417.
-
6
Liu LX, Weller PF, 1996. Antiparasitic drugs. N Engl J Med 334 :1178–1184.
-
7
Abramowicz M, ed. Drugs for parasitic infections. The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics. March 2000; On-line edition.
-
8
Watkins WE, Pollitt E, 1996. Effect of removing Ascaris on the growth of Guatemalan schoolchildren. Pediatrics 97 :871–876.
-
9
Raccurt CP, Lambert MT, Bouloumie J, Ripert C, 1990. Evaluation of the treatment of intestinal helminthiases with albendazole in Djohong (North Camaroon). Trop Med Parasitol 41 :46–48.
-
10
Hall A, Nahar Q, 1994. Albendazole and infections with Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura in children in Bangladesh. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :110–112.
-
11
Hall A, Nahar Q, 1993. Albendazole as a treatment for infections with Giardia duodenalis in children in Bangladesh. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87 :84–86.
-
12
Kollaritsch H, Jeschko E, Wiedermann G, 1993. Albendazole is highly effective against cutaneous larva migrans but not against Giardia infection: results of an open pilot trial in travelers returning from the tropics. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87 :689.
-
13
Chavez B. Espinosa-Cantellano M, Cedillo Rivera R, Ramirez A, Martinez-Palomo A, 1992. Effects of albendazole on Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Arch Med Res 23 :63–67.
-
14
Cedillo-Rivera R, Chavez B, Gonzalez-Robles A, Tapia A, Yepez-Mulia L, 2002. In vitro effect of nitazoxanide against Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites. J Eukaryot Microbiol 49 :201–208.
-
15
Muennig P, Pallin D, Sell RL, Chan MS, 1999. The cost effectiveness of strategies for the treatment of intestinal parasites in immigrants. N Engl J Med 340 :773–779.
-
16
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1998. Enhanced medical assessment strategy for Barawan Somalian refugees –Kenya, 1997. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 46 :1250–1253.
-
17
Miller JM, Boyd HA, Ostrowski SR, Cookson ST, Parise ME, Gonzaga PS, Addiss DG, Wilson M, Nguyen-Dinh P, Wahlquist SP, Weld LH, Wainwright RB, Gushulak BD, Cetron MS, 2000. Malaria, intestinal parasites, and schistosomiasis among Barawan Somalian refugees resettling to the United States: a strategy to reduce morbidity and decrease the risk of imported infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :115–121.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 147 | 98 | 15 |
| Full Text Views | 238 | 13 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 73 | 14 | 0 |