ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Karabatsos N, 1995. International Catalogue of Arboviruses. San Antonio, TX: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
-
2
Burke DS, Monath TP, 2001. Flaviviruses. Fields BN, Knipe DM, eds. Fields Virology. Fourth edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 1043–1125.
-
3
Vaughn DW, Hoke CH Jr, 1992. The epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis: prospects for prevention. Epidemiol Rev 14 :197–221.
-
4
Benenson MW, Top FH Jr, Gresso W, Ames CW. Altstatt LB, 1975. The virulence to man of Japanese encephalitis in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 24: 974–980.
-
5
Pieper SJL, Kurland LT, 1958. Sequelae of Japanese B and mumps encephalitis recent follow-up of patients affected in 1947–1948 epidemic on Guam. Am J Trop Med Hyg 7 :481–490.
-
6
Schneider RJ, Firestone, MH, Edelman, R., Chieowanich, P, Pornpibul R,1974. Clinical sequelae after Japanese encephalitis: a one year follow-up study in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 5 :560–568.
-
7
Kumar R, Mathur A, Kumar A, Sharma S, Chakraborty S, Chaturvedi UC, 1990. Clinical features and progonostic indicators of Japanese encephalitis in children in Lucknow (India). Indian J Med Res 91 :321–327.
-
8
Chen WJ, Dong CF, Chiou LY, Chuang WL, 2000. Potential role of Armigeres subalbatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus in the absence of rice culture on Liu-Chiu islet, Taiwan. J Med Entomol 37 :108–113.
-
9
Mathur A, Kumar R, Sharma S, Kulshreshtha R, Kumar A, Chaturvedi UC, 1990. Rapid diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis by immunofluorescenct examination of cerebrospinal fluid. Indian J Med Res 91 :1–4.
-
10
Shope RE, Meegan JM, 1997. Arboviruses. Evans AS, Kaslow RA, eds. Viral Infections of Humans. Fourth edition. New York: Plenum, 151–183.
-
11
Chiou SS, Chen WJ, 2001. Mutations in the NS3 gene and 3′-NCR of Japanese encephalitis virus isolated from an unconventional ecosystem and implications for natural attenuation of the virus. Virology 289 :129–136.
-
12
Deubel V, Laille M, Hugnot JP, Chungue E, Guesdon JL, Therese D, Bassot S, Chevrier D, 1990. Identification of dengue sequences by genomic amplication: rapid diagnosis of dengue virus serotypes in peripheral blood. J Virol Methods 30 :41–54.
-
13
Tanaka M, 1993. Rapid identification of flavivirus using the polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Methods 41 :311–322.
-
14
Scott R, Nisalak A, Cheamudon U, Seridhoranakul S, Nimmannitya S, 1980. Isolation of dengue viruses from peripheral blood leukocytes. J Infect Dis 141 :1–6.
-
15
Waterman SH, Kuno G, Gubler DJ, Sather GE, 1985. Low rate of antigen detection and virus isolation from the peripheral blood leukocytes of dengue fever patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34 :380–384.
-
16
Sharma S, Mathur A, Prakash R, Kulshreshtha R, Kumar R, Chaturvedi UC, 1991. Japanese encephalitis virus latency in peripheral blood lymphocytes and recurrence of infection in children. Clin Exp Immunol 85 :85–89.
-
17
Wang HL, Lin KH, Yueh YY, Chow L, Wu YC, Chen HY, Sheu MM, Chen WJ, 2000. Efficient diagnosis of dengue infections through patients’ peripheral blood leukocytes and serum/ plasma. Intervirology 43 :107–111.
-
18
Kuno G, 2001. Persistence of arboviral and antiviral antibodies in vertebrate hosts: its occurrence and impacts. Rev Med Virol 11 :165–190.
-
19
Chung YJ, Nam JH, Ban SL, Cho HW, 1996. Antigenic and genetic analysis of Japanese encephalitis viruses isolated from Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :91–97.
-
20
Chen YK, Hsue SS, Lin LM., 2002. Increased expression of inducible nitro oxide synthase for human buccal squamous-cell carcinomas: immunohistochemical, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ RT-PCR studies. Head Neck 10 :925–932.
-
21
Bagasra O, Hauptman SP, Lishner HW, Sachs M, Pomerantz RJ, 1992. Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus in mononuclear cells by in situ polymerase chain reaction. N Engl J Med 326 :1385–1391.
-
22
Bagasra O, Seshamma T, Pomerantz RJ, 1993. Polymerase chain reaction: intracellular amplification and detection of HIV-1 proviral DNA and specific genes. J Immunol Methods 158 :131–145.
-
23
Gey G, Hamdi S, Vielh P, Mehtali M, Fridman WH, Tartour E, 1999. Development of a direct in situ RT-PCR method using labeled primers to detect cytokine mRNA inside cells. J Immunol Methods 227 :149–160.
-
24
Naif H, Cunningham A, 1995. in situ PCR for detection of HIV using digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotides. Biochemica 3 :23–24.
-
25
Johansen CA, Hall RA, van den Hurk AF, Ritchie SA, Mackenzie JS, 2002. Detection and stability of Japanese encephalitis virus RNA and virus viability in dead infected mosquitoes under different storage condition. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :656–661.
-
26
Praba-egge AD, Montenegro S, Cogswell FB, Hopper T, James MA, 2002. Cytokine responses during acute simian Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium knowlesi infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :586–596.
-
27
Ilienko VI, Komandenko NI, Platonov VG, Protonov IN, Panov AG, 1974. Pathogenetic study on chronic forms of tick-borne encephalitis. Acta Virol 18 :341–346.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 238 | 208 | 27 |
| Full Text Views | 279 | 13 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 47 | 15 | 0 |
SHORT REPORT: DETECTION OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN MOUSE PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS USING AN IN SITU REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE–POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
CHING-KAI CHUANG
CHING-KAI CHUANG
Department of Public Health and Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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SHYAN-SONG CHIOU
SHYAN-SONG CHIOU
Department of Public Health and Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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LI-CHING LIANG
LI-CHING LIANG
Department of Public Health and Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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WEI-JUNE CHEN
WEI-JUNE CHEN
Department of Public Health and Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an important mosquito-borne viral disease in Southeast Asia. Isolation of JE virus from peripheral blood is usually difficult because of transient and low titer of viremia. An in situ reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was designed to amplify gene (envelope) fragments of JE virus residing in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) without extraction of RNA. Baby hamster kidney-21 cells infected with the T1P1 strain of JE virus (an isolate from Armigeres subalbatus collected in Taiwan) were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100. The RT-PCR was then performed in microtubes using digoxigenin-labeled primers. Virus-positive PBMCs were detected in mice at day 1 and day 3, but not day 5, after intravenous inoculation with JE virus, suggesting that detectable virus circulating in the blood of mice is present for only 2–3 days. On examination of mouse brain tissues, viral RNAs were absent until day 3 post-inoculation. This implied that virus migration from the peripheral blood into the central nervous system occurs at or after day 3 post-inoculation. This method is unique in that the reactions can be conducted in tubes; this makes it convenient, accurate, and efficient compared with the conventional in situ RT-PCR on slides.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Karabatsos N, 1995. International Catalogue of Arboviruses. San Antonio, TX: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
-
2
Burke DS, Monath TP, 2001. Flaviviruses. Fields BN, Knipe DM, eds. Fields Virology. Fourth edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 1043–1125.
-
3
Vaughn DW, Hoke CH Jr, 1992. The epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis: prospects for prevention. Epidemiol Rev 14 :197–221.
-
4
Benenson MW, Top FH Jr, Gresso W, Ames CW. Altstatt LB, 1975. The virulence to man of Japanese encephalitis in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 24: 974–980.
-
5
Pieper SJL, Kurland LT, 1958. Sequelae of Japanese B and mumps encephalitis recent follow-up of patients affected in 1947–1948 epidemic on Guam. Am J Trop Med Hyg 7 :481–490.
-
6
Schneider RJ, Firestone, MH, Edelman, R., Chieowanich, P, Pornpibul R,1974. Clinical sequelae after Japanese encephalitis: a one year follow-up study in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 5 :560–568.
-
7
Kumar R, Mathur A, Kumar A, Sharma S, Chakraborty S, Chaturvedi UC, 1990. Clinical features and progonostic indicators of Japanese encephalitis in children in Lucknow (India). Indian J Med Res 91 :321–327.
-
8
Chen WJ, Dong CF, Chiou LY, Chuang WL, 2000. Potential role of Armigeres subalbatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus in the absence of rice culture on Liu-Chiu islet, Taiwan. J Med Entomol 37 :108–113.
-
9
Mathur A, Kumar R, Sharma S, Kulshreshtha R, Kumar A, Chaturvedi UC, 1990. Rapid diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis by immunofluorescenct examination of cerebrospinal fluid. Indian J Med Res 91 :1–4.
-
10
Shope RE, Meegan JM, 1997. Arboviruses. Evans AS, Kaslow RA, eds. Viral Infections of Humans. Fourth edition. New York: Plenum, 151–183.
-
11
Chiou SS, Chen WJ, 2001. Mutations in the NS3 gene and 3′-NCR of Japanese encephalitis virus isolated from an unconventional ecosystem and implications for natural attenuation of the virus. Virology 289 :129–136.
-
12
Deubel V, Laille M, Hugnot JP, Chungue E, Guesdon JL, Therese D, Bassot S, Chevrier D, 1990. Identification of dengue sequences by genomic amplication: rapid diagnosis of dengue virus serotypes in peripheral blood. J Virol Methods 30 :41–54.
-
13
Tanaka M, 1993. Rapid identification of flavivirus using the polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Methods 41 :311–322.
-
14
Scott R, Nisalak A, Cheamudon U, Seridhoranakul S, Nimmannitya S, 1980. Isolation of dengue viruses from peripheral blood leukocytes. J Infect Dis 141 :1–6.
-
15
Waterman SH, Kuno G, Gubler DJ, Sather GE, 1985. Low rate of antigen detection and virus isolation from the peripheral blood leukocytes of dengue fever patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34 :380–384.
-
16
Sharma S, Mathur A, Prakash R, Kulshreshtha R, Kumar R, Chaturvedi UC, 1991. Japanese encephalitis virus latency in peripheral blood lymphocytes and recurrence of infection in children. Clin Exp Immunol 85 :85–89.
-
17
Wang HL, Lin KH, Yueh YY, Chow L, Wu YC, Chen HY, Sheu MM, Chen WJ, 2000. Efficient diagnosis of dengue infections through patients’ peripheral blood leukocytes and serum/ plasma. Intervirology 43 :107–111.
-
18
Kuno G, 2001. Persistence of arboviral and antiviral antibodies in vertebrate hosts: its occurrence and impacts. Rev Med Virol 11 :165–190.
-
19
Chung YJ, Nam JH, Ban SL, Cho HW, 1996. Antigenic and genetic analysis of Japanese encephalitis viruses isolated from Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :91–97.
-
20
Chen YK, Hsue SS, Lin LM., 2002. Increased expression of inducible nitro oxide synthase for human buccal squamous-cell carcinomas: immunohistochemical, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ RT-PCR studies. Head Neck 10 :925–932.
-
21
Bagasra O, Hauptman SP, Lishner HW, Sachs M, Pomerantz RJ, 1992. Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus in mononuclear cells by in situ polymerase chain reaction. N Engl J Med 326 :1385–1391.
-
22
Bagasra O, Seshamma T, Pomerantz RJ, 1993. Polymerase chain reaction: intracellular amplification and detection of HIV-1 proviral DNA and specific genes. J Immunol Methods 158 :131–145.
-
23
Gey G, Hamdi S, Vielh P, Mehtali M, Fridman WH, Tartour E, 1999. Development of a direct in situ RT-PCR method using labeled primers to detect cytokine mRNA inside cells. J Immunol Methods 227 :149–160.
-
24
Naif H, Cunningham A, 1995. in situ PCR for detection of HIV using digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotides. Biochemica 3 :23–24.
-
25
Johansen CA, Hall RA, van den Hurk AF, Ritchie SA, Mackenzie JS, 2002. Detection and stability of Japanese encephalitis virus RNA and virus viability in dead infected mosquitoes under different storage condition. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :656–661.
-
26
Praba-egge AD, Montenegro S, Cogswell FB, Hopper T, James MA, 2002. Cytokine responses during acute simian Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium knowlesi infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :586–596.
-
27
Ilienko VI, Komandenko NI, Platonov VG, Protonov IN, Panov AG, 1974. Pathogenetic study on chronic forms of tick-borne encephalitis. Acta Virol 18 :341–346.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 238 | 208 | 27 |
| Full Text Views | 279 | 13 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 47 | 15 | 0 |