RISK FACTORS FOR INFECTION DURING A SEVERE DENGUE OUTBREAK IN EL SALVADOR IN 2000

JOHN M. HAYES Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, and Division of International Health, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, San Salvador, El Salvador; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado

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ENID GARCÍA-RIVERA Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, and Division of International Health, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, San Salvador, El Salvador; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado

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ROBERTO FLORES-REYNA Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, and Division of International Health, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, San Salvador, El Salvador; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado

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GLORIA SUÁREZ-RANGEL Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, and Division of International Health, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, San Salvador, El Salvador; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado

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TITO RODRÍGUEZ-MATA Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, and Division of International Health, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, San Salvador, El Salvador; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado

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RENÉ COTO-PORTILLO Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, and Division of International Health, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, San Salvador, El Salvador; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado

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RAFAEL BALTRONS-ORELLANA Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, and Division of International Health, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, San Salvador, El Salvador; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado

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ELMER MENDOZA-RODRÍGUEZ Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, and Division of International Health, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, San Salvador, El Salvador; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado

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BETTY FUENTES DE GARAY Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, and Division of International Health, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, San Salvador, El Salvador; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado

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JUAN JUBIS-ESTRADA Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, and Division of International Health, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, San Salvador, El Salvador; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado

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ROLANDO HERNÁNDEZ-ARGUETA Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, and Division of International Health, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, San Salvador, El Salvador; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado

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BRAD J. BIGGERSTAFF Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, and Division of International Health, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, San Salvador, El Salvador; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado

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JOSÉ G. RIGAU-PÉREZ Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, and Division of International Health, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, San Salvador, El Salvador; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2003.69.629
Volume/Issue:
Volume 69: Issue 6
Page(s):
629–633
Restricted access
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In 2000, El Salvador experienced a large dengue-2 virus epidemic with many severe cases. A seroepidemiologic survey was conducted in 106 randomly selected households (501 residents) in an affected community (Las Pampitas). The frequency of recent infection, documented by the presence of IgM antibodies or high-titer IgG antibodies to dengue virus, was estimated to be 9.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] =5.8–13.7), of which at least 44% were secondary infections. The number of containers positive for Aedes mosquito larvae or pupae per 100 premises (Breteau Index) was 62 and the frequency of positive premises (House Index) was 36%; 33% (35 of 106) of the informants reported having taken action against mosquito larval habitats and 82% (87 of 106) reported having taken actions against adult mosquitoes. Recent infection was associated with the presence in the home environment of mosquito infested discarded cans (odds ratio [OR] = 4.30, 95% CI = 2.54–7.28), infested discarded plastic containers (OR = 3.98, 95% CI = 1.05–15.05), and discarded tire casings (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.09–6.04). The population attributable fractions associated with these factors were 4%, 13%, and 31%, respectively. Our data suggest that targeted community cleanup campaigns, particularly those directed at discarded tires and solid waste, are likely to have the greatest impact on reducing the risk of dengue infection.

Author Notes

Copyright:
Copyright 2003 The American Society of Tropical Medicine 2003
Received:
06 Dec 2002
|
Accepted:
21 Jun 2003
|
Published Online:
Dec 2003
Cover The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Print ISSN:
0002-9637
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