- INTRODUCTION
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- Experimental design.
- Preparation of oncospheres.
- Whole OA.
- Oncosphere ES antigen (artificial intestinal fluid [AIF]-activated and non-AIF-activated oncospheres from T. solium and T. saginata).
- Metacestode antigen.
- Immature worm antigen.
- Test sera.
- Sodium dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
- Silver stain for protein.
- Western blotting (EITB).
- RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Garcia HH, del Brutto OH, 2000. Taenia solium cysticercosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 14 :97–119.
-
2
Gilman R, Garcia HH, Gonzalez AE, Dunleavy M, Verastegui M, Evans C, and the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 1999. Short cuts to development: methods to control the transmission of cysticercosis in developing countries. Garcia HH, Martinez SM, eds. Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis. Lima: Ed. Universo, 313–326.
-
3
Lightowlers MW, 1999. Eradication of Taenia solium cysticercosis: a role for vaccination of pigs. Int J Parasitol 29 :811–817.
-
4
Osborn PJ, Heath DD, Roberts MG, 1982. Vaccination of sheep against Taenia ovis. The response to various dose rates of antigens obtained by incubation of oncospheres in vitro. Res Vet Sci 32 :351–353.
-
5
Lightowlers MW, Gauci CG, 2001. Vaccines against cysticercosis and hydatidosis. Vet Parasitol 101 :337–352.
-
6
Verastegui M, Gilman RH, Gonzalez A, Garcia HH, Gavidia C, Falcon N, Bernal T, Arana Y, Tsang VC, and The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 2002. Taenia solium oncosphere antigen induce immunity in pigs against experimental cysticercosis. Vet Parasitol 108 :49–62.
-
7
Pathak KM, Gaur SN, 1990. Immunization of pigs with culture antigens of Taenia solium. Vet Parasitol 34 :353–356.
-
8
Plancarte A, Flisser A, Gauci CG, Lightowlers MW, 1999. Vaccination against Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs using native and recombinant oncosphere antigens. Int J Parasitol 29 :643–647.
-
9
Gonzalez AE, Gavidia C, Falcon N, Bernal T, Verastegui M, Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Tsang VC, 2001. Protection of pigs with cysticercosis from further infections after treatment with oxfendazole. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :15–18.
-
10
Mayta H, Talley A, Gilman RH, Jimenez J, Verastegui M, Ruiz M, Garcia HH, Gonzalez A, 2000. Differentiating Taenia solium and Taenia saginata infections by simple hematoxylin-eosin staining and PCR-restriction enzyme analysis. J Clin Microbiol 38 :133–137.
-
11
Ito A, Ito M, Eom KS, Chung WC, Chen CC, Ma L, Endo S, Fan PC, 1997. In vitro hatched oncospheres of Asian Taenia from Korea and Taiwan develop into cysticerci in the peritoneal cavity of female scid (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice. Int J Parasitol 27 :631–633.
-
12
Verastegui M, Gonzalez A, Gilman RH, Gavidia C, Falcon N, Bernal T, Garcia HH, and the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 2000. Experimental infection model for Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine. Vet Parasitol 94 :33–44.
-
13
Laws GF, 1968. The hatching of Taeniid eggs. Exp Parasitol 23 :1–10.
-
14
Stevenson P, 1983. Observations on the hatching and activation of fresh Taenia saginata eggs. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 77 :399–404.
-
15
Bradford MN, A, 1976. Rapid sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding. Anal Biochem 72 :248–254.
-
16
White AC, Baig S, Robinson P, 1996. Taenia saginata oncosphere excretory/secretory peptidases. J Parasitol 82 :7–10.
-
17
Allan JC, Avila G, Garcia Noval J, Flisser A, Craig PS, 1990. Immunodiagnosis of taeniasis by coproantigen detection. Parasitology 101 :473–477.
-
18
Tsang VC, Brand JA, Boyer AE, 1989. An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay and glycoprotein antigens for diagnosing human cysticercosis (Taenia solium). J Infect Dis 159 :50–59.
-
19
Gonzales AE, Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Gavidia CM, Tsang VC, Bernal T, Falcon N, Romero M, Lopez-Urbina MT, 1996. Effective, single-dose treatment or porcine cysticercosis with oxfendazole. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54 :391–394.
-
20
Gonzalez AE, Falcon N, Gavidia C, Garcia HH, Tsang VC, Bernal T, Romero M, Gilman RH, 1997. Treatment of porcine cysticercosis with oxfendazole: a dose-response trial. Vet Rec 141 :420–422.
-
21
Gonzalez AE, Falcon N, Gavidia C, Garcia HH, Tsang VC, Bernal T, Romero M, Gilman RH, 1998. Time-response curve of oxfendazole in the treatment of swine cysticercosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :832–836.
-
22
Moro PL, Bonifacio N, Gilman RH, Lopera L, Silva B, Takumoto R, Verastegui M, Cabrera L, 1999. Field diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus infection among intermediate and definitive hosts in an endemic focus of human cystic echinococcosis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 :611–615.
-
23
Tsang VCW, Peralta JM, Simons AR, 1983. Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot techniques (EITB) for studying the specificities of antigens and antibodies separated by gel electrophoresis. Methods Enzymol 92 :377–391.
-
24
Morrissey JH, 1981. Silver stain for proteins in polyacrylamide gels: a modified procedure with enhanced uniform sensitivity. Anal Biochem 117 :307–310.
-
25
Tsang VCW, Hancock K, Maddison SE, Beatty AL, Moss DM, 1984. Demonstration of species-specific and cross-reactive components of the adult microsomal antigens in Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum (MAMA and JAMA). J Immunol 132 :2607–2613.
-
26
Bogh HO, Rickard MD, Lightowlers MW, 1988. Studies on stage-specific immunity against Taenia taeniaeformis metacestodes in mice. Parasite Immunol 10 :255–264.
-
27
Molinari JL, Tato P, Lara-Aguilera R, White AC Jr, 1993. Effects of serum from neurocysticercosis patients on the structure and viability of Taenia solium oncospheres. J Parasitol 79 :124–127.
-
28
Garcia-Allan C, Martinez N, Flisser A, Aluja A, Allan JC, Craig PS, 1996. Immunocharacterization of Taenia solium oncosphere and metacestode antigens. J Helminthol 70 :271–280.
-
29
Fan PC, Chung WC, Eom KS, Ito A, 1997. Vaccination trials against Taiwan Taenia eggs in pigs injected with frozen oncospheres of Taiwan Taenia, Korea Taenia, T. saginata or T. solium. Parasitology 114 :541–544.
-
30
Molinari JL, Meza R, Suarez B, Palacios S, Tato P, Retana A, 1983. Taenia solium: immunity in hogs to the cysticercus. Exp Parasitol 55 :340–357.
-
31
Molinari JL, Soto R, Tato P, Rodriguez D, Retana A, Sepulveda J, Palet A, 1993. Immunization against porcine cysticercosis in an endemic area in Mexico: a field and laboratory study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49 :502–512.
-
32
Osborn PJ, Heath DD, 1982. Immunization of lambs against Echinococcus granulosus using antigens obtained by incubation of oncospheres in vitro. Res Vet Sci 33 :132–133.
-
33
Heath DD, Holcman B, 1977. Vaccination against Echinococcus in perspective. Acta Trop 67 :37–41.
-
34
Craig PS, Rickard MD, 1981. Anti-Oncospheral antibodies in the serum of lambs experimentally infected with either Taenia ovis or Taenia hydatigena. Z Parasitenkd 64 :169–177.
-
35
Sciutto E, Aluja A, Fragoso G, Rodarte LF, Hernandez M, Villalobos MN, Padilla A, Keilbach N, Baca M, Govezensky T, 1995. Immunization of pigs against Taenia solium cysticercosis: factors related to effective protection. Vet Parasitol 60 :53–67.
-
36
Garcia HH, Del Brutto OH, and the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru. 1999. Heavy nonencephalitic cerebral cysticercosis in tapeworm carriers. Neurology 53 :1582–1584.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 529 | 442 | 18 |
| Full Text Views | 463 | 5 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 103 | 6 | 1 |
PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES TO UNIQUE TAENIA SOLIUM ONCOSPHERE ANTIGENS IN TAENIASIS AND HUMAN AND PORCINE CYSTICERCOSIS
MANUELA VERASTEGUI
MANUELA VERASTEGUI
Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru; Asociacion Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Public Health Section, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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ROBERT H. GILMAN
ROBERT H. GILMAN
Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru; Asociacion Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Public Health Section, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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HECTOR H. GARCIA
HECTOR H. GARCIA
Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru; Asociacion Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Public Health Section, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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ARMANDO E. GONZALEZ
ARMANDO E. GONZALEZ
Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru; Asociacion Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Public Health Section, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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YANINA ARANA
YANINA ARANA
Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru; Asociacion Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Public Health Section, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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CESAR JERI
CESAR JERI
Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru; Asociacion Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Public Health Section, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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ISKRA TUERO
ISKRA TUERO
Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru; Asociacion Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Public Health Section, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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CESAR M. GAVIDIA
CESAR M. GAVIDIA
Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru; Asociacion Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Public Health Section, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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MIN LEVINE
MIN LEVINE
Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru; Asociacion Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Public Health Section, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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VICTOR C. W. TSANG
VICTOR C. W. TSANG
Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru; Asociacion Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Public Health Section, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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The presence of two oncosphere antigens (OAs) of 22.5 and 31.3 kD in whole and excretory/secretory (ES) OA preparations of both Taenia solium and T. saginata or in antigen preparations from T. solium metacestodes or immature tapeworms was assessed. This included an evaluation of whether antibodies to other cestodes cross-reacted to these OAs. The OAs were present in whole oncosphere extract and E/S antigens of T. solium, but were not present in other stages (immature tapeworm or metacestode) or in OAs of T. saginata. The majority (95%) of T. solium tapeworm carriers had antibodies to these OAs, while only 20% of active neurocysticercosis cases were positive. No antibodies to the OAs were found in healthy controls, subjects infected with Hymenolepis nana, patients with hydatid disease, T. saginata tapeworm carriers, hamsters infected with immature T. solium tapeworms, or dogs infected with Echinococcus granulosus. The OAs are stage and species specific to T. solium and antibodies to OAs are usually present in tapeworm carriers.
Author Notes
- INTRODUCTION
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- Experimental design.
- Preparation of oncospheres.
- Whole OA.
- Oncosphere ES antigen (artificial intestinal fluid [AIF]-activated and non-AIF-activated oncospheres from T. solium and T. saginata).
- Metacestode antigen.
- Immature worm antigen.
- Test sera.
- Sodium dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
- Silver stain for protein.
- Western blotting (EITB).
- RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Garcia HH, del Brutto OH, 2000. Taenia solium cysticercosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 14 :97–119.
-
2
Gilman R, Garcia HH, Gonzalez AE, Dunleavy M, Verastegui M, Evans C, and the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 1999. Short cuts to development: methods to control the transmission of cysticercosis in developing countries. Garcia HH, Martinez SM, eds. Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis. Lima: Ed. Universo, 313–326.
-
3
Lightowlers MW, 1999. Eradication of Taenia solium cysticercosis: a role for vaccination of pigs. Int J Parasitol 29 :811–817.
-
4
Osborn PJ, Heath DD, Roberts MG, 1982. Vaccination of sheep against Taenia ovis. The response to various dose rates of antigens obtained by incubation of oncospheres in vitro. Res Vet Sci 32 :351–353.
-
5
Lightowlers MW, Gauci CG, 2001. Vaccines against cysticercosis and hydatidosis. Vet Parasitol 101 :337–352.
-
6
Verastegui M, Gilman RH, Gonzalez A, Garcia HH, Gavidia C, Falcon N, Bernal T, Arana Y, Tsang VC, and The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 2002. Taenia solium oncosphere antigen induce immunity in pigs against experimental cysticercosis. Vet Parasitol 108 :49–62.
-
7
Pathak KM, Gaur SN, 1990. Immunization of pigs with culture antigens of Taenia solium. Vet Parasitol 34 :353–356.
-
8
Plancarte A, Flisser A, Gauci CG, Lightowlers MW, 1999. Vaccination against Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs using native and recombinant oncosphere antigens. Int J Parasitol 29 :643–647.
-
9
Gonzalez AE, Gavidia C, Falcon N, Bernal T, Verastegui M, Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Tsang VC, 2001. Protection of pigs with cysticercosis from further infections after treatment with oxfendazole. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :15–18.
-
10
Mayta H, Talley A, Gilman RH, Jimenez J, Verastegui M, Ruiz M, Garcia HH, Gonzalez A, 2000. Differentiating Taenia solium and Taenia saginata infections by simple hematoxylin-eosin staining and PCR-restriction enzyme analysis. J Clin Microbiol 38 :133–137.
-
11
Ito A, Ito M, Eom KS, Chung WC, Chen CC, Ma L, Endo S, Fan PC, 1997. In vitro hatched oncospheres of Asian Taenia from Korea and Taiwan develop into cysticerci in the peritoneal cavity of female scid (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice. Int J Parasitol 27 :631–633.
-
12
Verastegui M, Gonzalez A, Gilman RH, Gavidia C, Falcon N, Bernal T, Garcia HH, and the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 2000. Experimental infection model for Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine. Vet Parasitol 94 :33–44.
-
13
Laws GF, 1968. The hatching of Taeniid eggs. Exp Parasitol 23 :1–10.
-
14
Stevenson P, 1983. Observations on the hatching and activation of fresh Taenia saginata eggs. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 77 :399–404.
-
15
Bradford MN, A, 1976. Rapid sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding. Anal Biochem 72 :248–254.
-
16
White AC, Baig S, Robinson P, 1996. Taenia saginata oncosphere excretory/secretory peptidases. J Parasitol 82 :7–10.
-
17
Allan JC, Avila G, Garcia Noval J, Flisser A, Craig PS, 1990. Immunodiagnosis of taeniasis by coproantigen detection. Parasitology 101 :473–477.
-
18
Tsang VC, Brand JA, Boyer AE, 1989. An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay and glycoprotein antigens for diagnosing human cysticercosis (Taenia solium). J Infect Dis 159 :50–59.
-
19
Gonzales AE, Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Gavidia CM, Tsang VC, Bernal T, Falcon N, Romero M, Lopez-Urbina MT, 1996. Effective, single-dose treatment or porcine cysticercosis with oxfendazole. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54 :391–394.
-
20
Gonzalez AE, Falcon N, Gavidia C, Garcia HH, Tsang VC, Bernal T, Romero M, Gilman RH, 1997. Treatment of porcine cysticercosis with oxfendazole: a dose-response trial. Vet Rec 141 :420–422.
-
21
Gonzalez AE, Falcon N, Gavidia C, Garcia HH, Tsang VC, Bernal T, Romero M, Gilman RH, 1998. Time-response curve of oxfendazole in the treatment of swine cysticercosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :832–836.
-
22
Moro PL, Bonifacio N, Gilman RH, Lopera L, Silva B, Takumoto R, Verastegui M, Cabrera L, 1999. Field diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus infection among intermediate and definitive hosts in an endemic focus of human cystic echinococcosis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 :611–615.
-
23
Tsang VCW, Peralta JM, Simons AR, 1983. Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot techniques (EITB) for studying the specificities of antigens and antibodies separated by gel electrophoresis. Methods Enzymol 92 :377–391.
-
24
Morrissey JH, 1981. Silver stain for proteins in polyacrylamide gels: a modified procedure with enhanced uniform sensitivity. Anal Biochem 117 :307–310.
-
25
Tsang VCW, Hancock K, Maddison SE, Beatty AL, Moss DM, 1984. Demonstration of species-specific and cross-reactive components of the adult microsomal antigens in Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum (MAMA and JAMA). J Immunol 132 :2607–2613.
-
26
Bogh HO, Rickard MD, Lightowlers MW, 1988. Studies on stage-specific immunity against Taenia taeniaeformis metacestodes in mice. Parasite Immunol 10 :255–264.
-
27
Molinari JL, Tato P, Lara-Aguilera R, White AC Jr, 1993. Effects of serum from neurocysticercosis patients on the structure and viability of Taenia solium oncospheres. J Parasitol 79 :124–127.
-
28
Garcia-Allan C, Martinez N, Flisser A, Aluja A, Allan JC, Craig PS, 1996. Immunocharacterization of Taenia solium oncosphere and metacestode antigens. J Helminthol 70 :271–280.
-
29
Fan PC, Chung WC, Eom KS, Ito A, 1997. Vaccination trials against Taiwan Taenia eggs in pigs injected with frozen oncospheres of Taiwan Taenia, Korea Taenia, T. saginata or T. solium. Parasitology 114 :541–544.
-
30
Molinari JL, Meza R, Suarez B, Palacios S, Tato P, Retana A, 1983. Taenia solium: immunity in hogs to the cysticercus. Exp Parasitol 55 :340–357.
-
31
Molinari JL, Soto R, Tato P, Rodriguez D, Retana A, Sepulveda J, Palet A, 1993. Immunization against porcine cysticercosis in an endemic area in Mexico: a field and laboratory study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49 :502–512.
-
32
Osborn PJ, Heath DD, 1982. Immunization of lambs against Echinococcus granulosus using antigens obtained by incubation of oncospheres in vitro. Res Vet Sci 33 :132–133.
-
33
Heath DD, Holcman B, 1977. Vaccination against Echinococcus in perspective. Acta Trop 67 :37–41.
-
34
Craig PS, Rickard MD, 1981. Anti-Oncospheral antibodies in the serum of lambs experimentally infected with either Taenia ovis or Taenia hydatigena. Z Parasitenkd 64 :169–177.
-
35
Sciutto E, Aluja A, Fragoso G, Rodarte LF, Hernandez M, Villalobos MN, Padilla A, Keilbach N, Baca M, Govezensky T, 1995. Immunization of pigs against Taenia solium cysticercosis: factors related to effective protection. Vet Parasitol 60 :53–67.
-
36
Garcia HH, Del Brutto OH, and the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru. 1999. Heavy nonencephalitic cerebral cysticercosis in tapeworm carriers. Neurology 53 :1582–1584.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 529 | 442 | 18 |
| Full Text Views | 463 | 5 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 103 | 6 | 1 |