United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report 2002, 2002 . New York: Oxford University Press.
World Health Organization, The World Health Report 1999, 1999. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Mintz ED, Reiff FM, Tauxe RV, 1995. Safe water treatment and storage in the home. JAMA 273 :948–953.
Quick RE, Venczel LV, Mintz ED, Soleto L, Aparicio J, Gironaz M, Hutwagner L, Greene K, Bopp C, Maloney K, Chavez D, Sobsey M, Tauxe RV, 1999. Diarrhoea prevention in Bolivia through point-of-use water treatment and safe storage: a promising new strategy. Epidemiol Infect 122 :83–90.
Semenza JC, Roberts L, Henderson A, Bogan J, Rubin CH, 1998. Water distribution system and diarrheal disease transmission: a case study in Uzbekistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :941–946.
Quick RE, Kimura A, Thevos A, Tembo M, Shamputa I, Hutwagner L, Mintz E, 2002. Diarrhea prevention through household-level water disinfection and safe storage in Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :584–589.
Souter PF, Cruickshank GD, Tankerville MZ, Keswick BH, Ellis BD, Langworthy DE, Metz KA, Appleby MR, Hamilton N, Jones AL, Perry JD, 2003. Evaluation of a new water treatment for point-of-use household applications to remove microorganisms and arsenic from drinking water. J Water Health 1 :73–84.
Rangel J, Lopez B, Mejia MA, Mendoza C, Luby S, 2003. A novel technology to improve drinking water quality: a microbiological evaluation of in-home flocculation and chlorination in rural Guatemala. J Water Health 1 :15–22.
Pan American Health Organization, Guatemala, 2002. Health in the Americas. 2002 Edition, Volume II. Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization, 306–322.
Segundo Censo Nacional de Talla de Escolares de Primer Grado de Primaria del la Republica de Guatemala, April 2002. Guatemala City : Ministerio de Educación Gobierno d el a Republica de Guatemala 16–20 de Julio 2001 Informe Final.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001. Safe Water Systems for the Developing World: A Handbook for Implementing Household-Based Water Treatment and Safe Storage Projects. Atlanta: Action for Churches Together International.
Conroy RM, Meegan ME, Joyce T, McGuigan K, Barnes J, 1996. Solar disinfection of drinking water and diarrhoea in Maasai children: a controlled field trial. Lancet 348 :1695–1697.
Conroy RM, Meegan ME, Joyce T, McGuigan K, Barnes J, 1999. Solar disinfection of water reduced diarrhoeal disease: an update. Arch Dis Child 81 :337–338.
Mahfouz AA, Abdel-Moneim M, al-Erian RA, al-Amari OM, 1995. Impact of chlorination of water in domestic storage tanks on childhood diarrhoea: a community trial in the rural areas of Saudi Arabia. J Trop Med Hyg 98 :126–130.
Cruz JR, Cano F, Caceres P, Chew F, Pareja G, 1988. Infection and diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium sp. among Guatemalan infants. J Clin Microbiol 26 :88–91.
Bern C, Hernandez B, Lopez MB, Arrowood MJ, de Mejia MA, de Merida AM, Hightower AW, Venczel L, Herwaldt BL, Klein RE, 1999. Epidemiologic studies of Cyclospora cayetanensis in Guatemala. Emerg Infect Dis 5 :766–774.
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We conducted a study to determine if use of a new flocculant-disinfectant home water treatment reduced diarrhea. We randomly assigned 492 rural Guatemalan households to five different water treatment groups: flocculant-disinfectant, flocculant-disinfectant plus a customized vessel, bleach, bleach plus a vessel, and control. During one year of observation, residents of control households had 4.31 episodes of diarrhea per 100 person-weeks, whereas the incidence of diarrhea was 24% lower among residents of households receiving flocculant-disinfectant, 29% lower among those receiving flocculant-disinfectant plus vessel, 25% lower among those receiving bleach, and 12% lower among households receiving bleach plus vessel. In unannounced evaluations of home drinking water, free chlorine was detected in samples from 27% of flocculant-disinfectant households, 35% of flocculant-disinfectant plus vessel households, 35% of bleach households, and 43% of bleach plus vessel households. In a setting where diarrhea was a leading cause of death, intermittent use of home water treatment with flocculant-disinfectant decreased the incidence of diarrhea.
United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report 2002, 2002 . New York: Oxford University Press.
World Health Organization, The World Health Report 1999, 1999. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Mintz ED, Reiff FM, Tauxe RV, 1995. Safe water treatment and storage in the home. JAMA 273 :948–953.
Quick RE, Venczel LV, Mintz ED, Soleto L, Aparicio J, Gironaz M, Hutwagner L, Greene K, Bopp C, Maloney K, Chavez D, Sobsey M, Tauxe RV, 1999. Diarrhoea prevention in Bolivia through point-of-use water treatment and safe storage: a promising new strategy. Epidemiol Infect 122 :83–90.
Semenza JC, Roberts L, Henderson A, Bogan J, Rubin CH, 1998. Water distribution system and diarrheal disease transmission: a case study in Uzbekistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :941–946.
Quick RE, Kimura A, Thevos A, Tembo M, Shamputa I, Hutwagner L, Mintz E, 2002. Diarrhea prevention through household-level water disinfection and safe storage in Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :584–589.
Souter PF, Cruickshank GD, Tankerville MZ, Keswick BH, Ellis BD, Langworthy DE, Metz KA, Appleby MR, Hamilton N, Jones AL, Perry JD, 2003. Evaluation of a new water treatment for point-of-use household applications to remove microorganisms and arsenic from drinking water. J Water Health 1 :73–84.
Rangel J, Lopez B, Mejia MA, Mendoza C, Luby S, 2003. A novel technology to improve drinking water quality: a microbiological evaluation of in-home flocculation and chlorination in rural Guatemala. J Water Health 1 :15–22.
Pan American Health Organization, Guatemala, 2002. Health in the Americas. 2002 Edition, Volume II. Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization, 306–322.
Segundo Censo Nacional de Talla de Escolares de Primer Grado de Primaria del la Republica de Guatemala, April 2002. Guatemala City : Ministerio de Educación Gobierno d el a Republica de Guatemala 16–20 de Julio 2001 Informe Final.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001. Safe Water Systems for the Developing World: A Handbook for Implementing Household-Based Water Treatment and Safe Storage Projects. Atlanta: Action for Churches Together International.
Conroy RM, Meegan ME, Joyce T, McGuigan K, Barnes J, 1996. Solar disinfection of drinking water and diarrhoea in Maasai children: a controlled field trial. Lancet 348 :1695–1697.
Conroy RM, Meegan ME, Joyce T, McGuigan K, Barnes J, 1999. Solar disinfection of water reduced diarrhoeal disease: an update. Arch Dis Child 81 :337–338.
Mahfouz AA, Abdel-Moneim M, al-Erian RA, al-Amari OM, 1995. Impact of chlorination of water in domestic storage tanks on childhood diarrhoea: a community trial in the rural areas of Saudi Arabia. J Trop Med Hyg 98 :126–130.
Cruz JR, Cano F, Caceres P, Chew F, Pareja G, 1988. Infection and diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium sp. among Guatemalan infants. J Clin Microbiol 26 :88–91.
Bern C, Hernandez B, Lopez MB, Arrowood MJ, de Mejia MA, de Merida AM, Hightower AW, Venczel L, Herwaldt BL, Klein RE, 1999. Epidemiologic studies of Cyclospora cayetanensis in Guatemala. Emerg Infect Dis 5 :766–774.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 956 | 327 | 23 |
Full Text Views | 3314 | 11 | 7 |
PDF Downloads | 435 | 9 | 5 |