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1
Stewart RS, 1991. Flinders Island spotted fever: a newly recognised endemic focus of tick typhus in Bass Strait. Part 1. Clinical and epidemiological features. Med J Aust 154 :94–99.
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2
Graves S, Dwyer B, McColl D, McDade JE, 1991. Flinders Island spotted fever: a newly recognised endemic focus of tick typhus in Bass Strait. Part 2. Serological investigations. Med J Aust 154 :99–104.
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Graves SR, Stewart L, Stenos J, Stewart RS, Schmidt E, Hudson S, Banks J, 1993. Spotted fever group rickettsial infection in south-eastern Australia: isolation of rickettsiae. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 16 :223–233.
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Baird RW, Lloyd M, Stenos J, Ross BC, Stewart RS, Dwyer B, 1992. Characterization and comparison of Australian human spotted fever group rickettsiae. J Clin Microbiol 30 :896–902.
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Baird RW, Stenos J, Stewart R, Hudson B, Lloyd M, Aiuto S, Dwyer B, 1996. Genetic variation in Australian spotted fever group rickettsiae. J Clin Microbiol 34 :1526–1530.
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Stenos J, Ross B, Feng HM, Crocquet-Valdes P, Walker DH, 1997. Protein characterization of Australian spotted fever group rickettsiae and monoclonal typing of Rickettsia honei.J Clin Microbiol 35 :261–263.
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Stenos J, Roux V, Walker D, Raoult D, 1998. Rickettsia honei sp. nov., the aetiological agent of Flinders Island spotted fever in Australia. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48 :1399–1404.
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Regnery R, Spruill C, Plikaytis BD, 1991. Genotypic identification of rickettsiae and estimation of intraspecies sequence divergence for portions of two rickettsial genes. J Bacteriol 173 :1576–1589.
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Huang ZH, Graves S, Stewart L, Banks J, Dwyer B, 1990. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detecting antibody to Rickettsia australis in sera of various animal species. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 13 :119–125.
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Kollars TM, Tippayachai B, Bodhidatta D, 2001. Short report: Thai tick typhus, Rickettsia honei, and a unique rickettsia detected in Ixodes granulatus (Ixididae: Acari) from Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :535–538.
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Okabayashi T, Tsutiya K, Muramatsu Y, Ueno H, Morita C, 1996. Serological survey of spotted fever group rickettsia in wild rats in Thailand in the 1970’s. Microbiol Immunol 40 :895–898.
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Billings AN, Yu XJ, Teel PD, Walker DH, 1998. Detection of a spotted fever group rickettsia in Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae) in south Texas. J Med Entomol 35 :474–478.
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Bull CM, Sharrad RD, Petney TN, 1981. Parapatric boundaries between Australian reptile ticks. Proc Eco Soc Aust 11 :95–107.
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APONOMMA HYDROSAURI, THE REPTILE-ASSOCIATED TICK RESERVOIR OF RICKETTSIA HONEI ON FLINDERS ISLAND, AUSTRALIA
Rickettsia honei is the etiologic agent of Flinders Island (Australia) spotted fever. The tick Aponomma hydrosauri is associated with reptiles and is the arthropod reservoir for this rickettsia on Flinders Island. The rickettsia appears to be maintained in the tick via vertical transmission. Of 46 ticks examined, 29 (63%) were positive for spotted fever group rickettsiae by detection of the citrate synthase gene by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). From the positive tick samples, seven were sequenced and found to be 100% homologous with R. honei. Of 17 reptiles examined, none had evidence of rickettsiae by PCR or culture of blood.