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-
1
Gillies M, Coetzee M, 1987. A Supplement to the Anophelinae of Africa South of the Sahara. Johannesburg: The South African Institute for Medical Research.
-
2
Gillies M, De Meillon B, 1968. The Anophelinae of Africa South of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Johannesburg: The South African Institute for Medical Research.
-
3
Wilkes TJ, Matola YG, Charlwood JD, 1996. Anopheles rivulorum, a vector of human malaria in Africa. Med Vet Entomol 10 :108ā110.
-
4
De Meillon B, Van Eeden G, Coetzee L, Coetzee M, Meiswinkel R, Du Toit C, Hansford C, 1977. Observations on a species of the Anopheles funestus subgroup, a suspected exophilic vector of malaria parasites in north-eastern Transvaal, South Africa. Mosq News 37 :657ā661.
-
5
Green CA, 1982. Cladistic analysis of mosquito chromosome data (Anopheles (Cellia) Myzomyia). J Heredity 73 :2ā11.
-
6
Green C, Hunt R, 1980. Interpretation of variation in ovarian polytene chromosomes of Anopheles funestus Giles, Anopheles parensis Gillies and Anopheles aruni?Genetica 51 :87ā195.
-
7
Koekemoer LL, Lochouarn L, Hunt RH, Coetzee M, 1999. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis for identification of four members of the Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) group. J Med Entomol 36 :125ā130.
-
8
Hackett BJ, Gimnig J, Guelbeogo W, Costantini C, Koekemoer LL, Coetzee M, Collins FH, Besansky NJ, 2000. Ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) sequences differentiate Anopheles funestus and An. rivulorum, and uncover a cryptic taxon. Insect Mol Biol 9 :369ā374.
-
9
Koekemoer LL, Kamau L, Hunt RH, Coetzee M, 2002. A cocktail polymerase chain reaction assay to identify members of the Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) group. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :804ā811.
-
10
Mukabayire O, Boccolini D, Lochouarn L, Fontenille D, Besansky NJ, 1999. Mitochondrial and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) diversity of the African malaria vector Anopheles funestus.Mol Ecol 8 :289ā297.
-
11
Mouchet J, Gariou J, 1961. ReĢpartition geĢographique et eĢcologique des anopheĢles au Cameroun. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 54 :102ā108.
-
12
Cornel AJ, Porter CH, Collins FH, 1996. Polymerase chain reaction species diagnostic assay for Anopheles quadrimaculatus cryptic species (Diptera: Culicidae) based on ribosomal DNA ITS2 sequences. J Med Entomol 33 :109ā116.
-
13
Beebe NW, Saul A, 1995. Discrimination of all members of the Anopheles punctulatus complex by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53 :478ā481.
-
14
Sharpe RG, Hims MM, Harbach RE, Butlin RK, 1999. PCR-based methods for identification of species of the Anopheles minimus group: allele-specific amplification and single-strand conformation polymorphism. Med Vet Entomol 13 :265ā273.
-
15
Nei M, 1987. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. New York: Columbia University Press.
-
16
Kumar S, Tamura K, Jakobsen IB, Nei M, 2001. MEGA2: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software. Bioinformatics 17 :1244ā1245.
-
17
Kimura M, 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16 :111ā120.
-
18
Service M, 1960. A new species and variety of Anopheles from Nigeria, with notes on Anopheles flavicosta Edwards and AeĢdes (AeĢ.) Wendyae Service. Proc R Entomol Soc Lond 29 :85ā90.
-
19
Porter CH, Collins FH, 1991. Species-diagnostic differences in a ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer from the sibling species Anopheles freeborni and Anopheles hermsi (Diptera: Culicidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 45 :271ā279.
-
20
Wesson DM, Porter CH, Collins FH, 1992. Sequence and secondary structure comparisons of ITS rDNA in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 1 :253ā269.
-
21
Paskewitz SM, Wesson DM, Collins FH, 1993. The internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA in five members of the Anopheles gambiae species complex. Insect Mol Biol 2 :247ā257.
-
22
Fritz GN, Conn J, Cockburn A, Seawright J, 1994. Sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 from populations of Anopheles nuneztovari (Diptera: Culicidae). Mol Biol Evol 11 :406ā416.
-
23
Xu JN, Qu FY, 1997. Ribosomal DNA difference between species A and D of the Anopheles dirus complex of mosquitoes from China. Med Vet Entomol 11 :134ā138.
-
24
Van Bortel W, Trung HD, Roelants P, Harbach RE, Backeljau T, Coosemans M, 2000. Molecular identification of Anopheles minimus s.l. beyond distinguishing the members of the species complex. Insect Mol Biol 9 :335ā340.
-
25
Kengne P, Awono-Ambene P, Nkondjio C, Simard F, Fontenille D, 2003. Molecular identification of the Anopheles nili group of African malaria vectors. Med Vet Entomol 17 :1ā9.
-
26
Lounibos LP, Wilkerson R, Conn J, Hribar L, Fritz GN, Danoff-Burg J, 1991. Morphological, molecular, and chromosomal discrimination of cryptic Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) (Diptera: Culicidae) from South America. J Med Entomol 35 :830ā838.
-
27
Koekemoer LL, Coetzee M, Hunt RH, 1998. Hpa II endonuclease distinguishes between two species in the Anopheles funestus group. Insect Mol Biol 7 :273ā277.
-
28
Hargreaves K, Koekemoer LL, Brooke BD, Hunt RH, Mthembu J, Coetzee M, 2000. Anopheles funestus resistant to pyrethroid insecticides in South Africa. Med Vet Entomol 14 :181ā189.
-
29
Leeson H, 1935. Another anopheline of the funestus series from Southern Rhodesia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 29 :69ā70.
-
30
Evans A, Garnham C, 1936. The funestus series of Anopheles at Kisumu and a coastal locality in Kenya. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 30 :511ā513.
-
31
Evans A, Leeson H, 1937. Notes on variation in Anopheles rivulorum Leeson in East Africa, with description of a new variety. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 31 :383ā384.
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SPECIES IDENTIFICATION WITHIN THE ANOPHELES FUNESTUS GROUP OF MALARIA VECTORS IN CAMEROON AND EVIDENCE FOR A NEW SPECIES
ANNA COHUET
ANNA COHUET
Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Insectes Nuisibles, Institut de Recherche pour le DeĢveloppement, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire dāEntomologie MeĢdicale, de PāInstitut de Recherche pour le DeĢveloppement Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les EndeĢmies en Afrique Centrale, Yaounde, Cameroon; Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology of the National Health Laboratory Service and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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FREDERIC SIMARD
FREDERIC SIMARD
Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Insectes Nuisibles, Institut de Recherche pour le DeĢveloppement, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire dāEntomologie MeĢdicale, de PāInstitut de Recherche pour le DeĢveloppement Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les EndeĢmies en Afrique Centrale, Yaounde, Cameroon; Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology of the National Health Laboratory Service and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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JEAN-CLAUDE TOTO
JEAN-CLAUDE TOTO
Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Insectes Nuisibles, Institut de Recherche pour le DeĢveloppement, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire dāEntomologie MeĢdicale, de PāInstitut de Recherche pour le DeĢveloppement Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les EndeĢmies en Afrique Centrale, Yaounde, Cameroon; Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology of the National Health Laboratory Service and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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PIERRE KENGNE
PIERRE KENGNE
Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Insectes Nuisibles, Institut de Recherche pour le DeĢveloppement, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire dāEntomologie MeĢdicale, de PāInstitut de Recherche pour le DeĢveloppement Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les EndeĢmies en Afrique Centrale, Yaounde, Cameroon; Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology of the National Health Laboratory Service and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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MAUREEN COETZEE
MAUREEN COETZEE
Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Insectes Nuisibles, Institut de Recherche pour le DeĢveloppement, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire dāEntomologie MeĢdicale, de PāInstitut de Recherche pour le DeĢveloppement Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les EndeĢmies en Afrique Centrale, Yaounde, Cameroon; Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology of the National Health Laboratory Service and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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DIDIER FONTENILLE
DIDIER FONTENILLE
Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Insectes Nuisibles, Institut de Recherche pour le DeĢveloppement, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire dāEntomologie MeĢdicale, de PāInstitut de Recherche pour le DeĢveloppement Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les EndeĢmies en Afrique Centrale, Yaounde, Cameroon; Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology of the National Health Laboratory Service and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Anopheles funestus is a major vector of malaria in Africa. It belongs to a group of sibling species that can be identified morphologically only at certain stages of their development. A diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based tool made it possible to differentiate five species of the group. The assay seems to be applicable over all their distribution area for four of these species: An. funestus, An. leesoni, An. parensis, and An. vaneedenip. The fifth species, An. rivulorum, is the second most abundant species of the group and can be mistaken at its adult stage for the major vector of malaria An. funestus. Molecular and morphologic observations of specimens identified as An. rivulorum from Cameroon and South Africa showed that they belong to two different taxa. The species identified in Cameroon, and named here An. rivulorum-like, might extend to western Africa and central Africa. The species-specific PCR assay is supplemented by a primer specific to An. rivulorum-like and thus makes it possible to differentiate the five species of the An. funestus group and the newly defined taxon.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Gillies M, Coetzee M, 1987. A Supplement to the Anophelinae of Africa South of the Sahara. Johannesburg: The South African Institute for Medical Research.
-
2
Gillies M, De Meillon B, 1968. The Anophelinae of Africa South of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Johannesburg: The South African Institute for Medical Research.
-
3
Wilkes TJ, Matola YG, Charlwood JD, 1996. Anopheles rivulorum, a vector of human malaria in Africa. Med Vet Entomol 10 :108ā110.
-
4
De Meillon B, Van Eeden G, Coetzee L, Coetzee M, Meiswinkel R, Du Toit C, Hansford C, 1977. Observations on a species of the Anopheles funestus subgroup, a suspected exophilic vector of malaria parasites in north-eastern Transvaal, South Africa. Mosq News 37 :657ā661.
-
5
Green CA, 1982. Cladistic analysis of mosquito chromosome data (Anopheles (Cellia) Myzomyia). J Heredity 73 :2ā11.
-
6
Green C, Hunt R, 1980. Interpretation of variation in ovarian polytene chromosomes of Anopheles funestus Giles, Anopheles parensis Gillies and Anopheles aruni?Genetica 51 :87ā195.
-
7
Koekemoer LL, Lochouarn L, Hunt RH, Coetzee M, 1999. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis for identification of four members of the Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) group. J Med Entomol 36 :125ā130.
-
8
Hackett BJ, Gimnig J, Guelbeogo W, Costantini C, Koekemoer LL, Coetzee M, Collins FH, Besansky NJ, 2000. Ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) sequences differentiate Anopheles funestus and An. rivulorum, and uncover a cryptic taxon. Insect Mol Biol 9 :369ā374.
-
9
Koekemoer LL, Kamau L, Hunt RH, Coetzee M, 2002. A cocktail polymerase chain reaction assay to identify members of the Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) group. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :804ā811.
-
10
Mukabayire O, Boccolini D, Lochouarn L, Fontenille D, Besansky NJ, 1999. Mitochondrial and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) diversity of the African malaria vector Anopheles funestus.Mol Ecol 8 :289ā297.
-
11
Mouchet J, Gariou J, 1961. ReĢpartition geĢographique et eĢcologique des anopheĢles au Cameroun. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 54 :102ā108.
-
12
Cornel AJ, Porter CH, Collins FH, 1996. Polymerase chain reaction species diagnostic assay for Anopheles quadrimaculatus cryptic species (Diptera: Culicidae) based on ribosomal DNA ITS2 sequences. J Med Entomol 33 :109ā116.
-
13
Beebe NW, Saul A, 1995. Discrimination of all members of the Anopheles punctulatus complex by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53 :478ā481.
-
14
Sharpe RG, Hims MM, Harbach RE, Butlin RK, 1999. PCR-based methods for identification of species of the Anopheles minimus group: allele-specific amplification and single-strand conformation polymorphism. Med Vet Entomol 13 :265ā273.
-
15
Nei M, 1987. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. New York: Columbia University Press.
-
16
Kumar S, Tamura K, Jakobsen IB, Nei M, 2001. MEGA2: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software. Bioinformatics 17 :1244ā1245.
-
17
Kimura M, 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16 :111ā120.
-
18
Service M, 1960. A new species and variety of Anopheles from Nigeria, with notes on Anopheles flavicosta Edwards and AeĢdes (AeĢ.) Wendyae Service. Proc R Entomol Soc Lond 29 :85ā90.
-
19
Porter CH, Collins FH, 1991. Species-diagnostic differences in a ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer from the sibling species Anopheles freeborni and Anopheles hermsi (Diptera: Culicidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 45 :271ā279.
-
20
Wesson DM, Porter CH, Collins FH, 1992. Sequence and secondary structure comparisons of ITS rDNA in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 1 :253ā269.
-
21
Paskewitz SM, Wesson DM, Collins FH, 1993. The internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA in five members of the Anopheles gambiae species complex. Insect Mol Biol 2 :247ā257.
-
22
Fritz GN, Conn J, Cockburn A, Seawright J, 1994. Sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 from populations of Anopheles nuneztovari (Diptera: Culicidae). Mol Biol Evol 11 :406ā416.
-
23
Xu JN, Qu FY, 1997. Ribosomal DNA difference between species A and D of the Anopheles dirus complex of mosquitoes from China. Med Vet Entomol 11 :134ā138.
-
24
Van Bortel W, Trung HD, Roelants P, Harbach RE, Backeljau T, Coosemans M, 2000. Molecular identification of Anopheles minimus s.l. beyond distinguishing the members of the species complex. Insect Mol Biol 9 :335ā340.
-
25
Kengne P, Awono-Ambene P, Nkondjio C, Simard F, Fontenille D, 2003. Molecular identification of the Anopheles nili group of African malaria vectors. Med Vet Entomol 17 :1ā9.
-
26
Lounibos LP, Wilkerson R, Conn J, Hribar L, Fritz GN, Danoff-Burg J, 1991. Morphological, molecular, and chromosomal discrimination of cryptic Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) (Diptera: Culicidae) from South America. J Med Entomol 35 :830ā838.
-
27
Koekemoer LL, Coetzee M, Hunt RH, 1998. Hpa II endonuclease distinguishes between two species in the Anopheles funestus group. Insect Mol Biol 7 :273ā277.
-
28
Hargreaves K, Koekemoer LL, Brooke BD, Hunt RH, Mthembu J, Coetzee M, 2000. Anopheles funestus resistant to pyrethroid insecticides in South Africa. Med Vet Entomol 14 :181ā189.
-
29
Leeson H, 1935. Another anopheline of the funestus series from Southern Rhodesia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 29 :69ā70.
-
30
Evans A, Garnham C, 1936. The funestus series of Anopheles at Kisumu and a coastal locality in Kenya. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 30 :511ā513.
-
31
Evans A, Leeson H, 1937. Notes on variation in Anopheles rivulorum Leeson in East Africa, with description of a new variety. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 31 :383ā384.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 50 | 50 | 16 |
| Full Text Views | 769 | 162 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 394 | 25 | 0 |