Reeder JC, Rieckmann KH, Genton B, Lorry K, Wines B, Cowman AF, 1996. Point mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthetase genes and in vitro susceptibility to pyrimethamine and cycloguanil of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Papua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :209ā213.
Nzila-Mounda A, Mberu E, Sibley C, Plowe C, Winstanley P, Watkins W, 1998. Kenyan Plasmodium falciparum field isolates: Correlation between pyrimethamine and chlorcycloguanil activity in vitro and point mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase domain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42 :164ā169.
Basco LK, Tahar R, Keundjian A, Ringwald P, 2000. Sequence variations in the genes encoding dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase and clinical response to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria. J Infect Dis 182 :624ā628.
Babiker HA, Pringle SJ, Abdel-Muhsin A, Mackinnon M, Hunt P, Walliker D, 2001. High-level chloroquine resistance in Sudanese isolates of Plasmodium falciparum is associated with mutations in the chloroquine resistance transporter gene pfcrt and the multidrug resistance gene pfmdr1.J Infect Dis 183 :1535ā1538.
Basco LK, Ringwald P, 2001. Analysis of the key pfcrt point mutation and in vitro and in vivo response to chloroquine in Yaounde, Cameroon. J Infect Dis 183 :1828ā1831.
Price RN, Cassar C, Brockman A, Duraisingh M, van Vugt M, White NJ, Nosten F, Krishna S, 1999. The pfmdr1 gene is associated with a multidrug-resistant phenotype in Plasmodium falciparum from the western border of Thailand. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43 :2943ā2949.
Duraisingh MT, Jones P, Sambou I, von Seidlein L, Pinder M, Warhurst DC, 2000. The tyrosine-86 allele of the pfmdr1 gene of Plasmodium falciparum is associated with increased sensitivity to the anti-malarials mefloquine and artemisinin. Mol Biochem Parasitol 108 :13ā23.
Basco LK, Ringwald P, 2002. Molecular epidemiology of malaria in Cameroon. X. Evaluation of pfmdr1 mutations as genetic marker for resistance to amino alcohols and artemisinin derivatives. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :667ā671.
Korsinczky M, Chen NH, Kotecka B, Saul A, Rieckmann K, Cheng Q, 2000. Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b that are associated with atovaquone resistance are located at a putative drug-binding site. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44 :2100ā2108.
Triglia T, Menting JGT, Wilson C, Cowman AF, 1997. Mutations in dihydropteroate synthase are responsible for sulfone and sulfonamide resistance in Plasmodium falciparum.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 :13944ā13949.
Wang P, Sims PFG, Hyde JE, 1997. A modified in vitro sulfadoxine susceptibility assay for Plasmodium falciparum suitable for investigating Fansidar resistance. Parasitology 115 :223ā230.
Ndounga M, Basco LK, Ringwald P, 2001. Evaluation of a new sulfadoxine sensitivity assay in vitro for field isolates of Plasmodium falciparum.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 :55ā57.
Trager W, Jensen JB, 1976. Human malaria parasites in continuous culture. Science 193 :673ā675.
Mount DL, Nahlen BL, Patchen LC, Churchill FC, 1989. Adaptations of the Saker-Solomons test: Simple, reliable colorimetric field assays for chloroquine and its metabolites in urine. Bull World Health Organ 67 :295ā300.
Desjardins RE, Canfield CJ, Haynes JD, Chulay JD, 1979. Quantitative assessment of antimalarial activity in vitro by a semiautomated microdilution technique. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 16 :710ā718.
Le Bras J, Deloron P, Ricour A, Andrieu B, Savel J, Coulaud JP, 1983. Plasmodium falciparum: drug sensitivity in vitro of isolates before and after adaptation to continuous culture. Exp Parasitol 56 :9ā14.
Pologe LG, Ravetch JV, 1986. A chromosome rearrangement in Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein gene is associated with the knobless phenotype. Nature 322 :474ā477.
Siddiqui WA, Richmond-Crum SM, 1977. Fatty acid-free bovine albumin as plasma replacement for in vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum.J Parasitol 63 :583ā584.
Ifediba T, Vanderberg JP, 1980. Peptones and calf serum as a replacement for human serum in the cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum.J Parasitol 66 :236ā239.
Divo AA, Jensen JB, 1982. Studies on serum requirements for the cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum. I. Animal sera. Bull World Health Organ 60 :565ā569.
Willet GP, Canfield CJ, 1984. Plasmodium falciparum: continuous cultivation of erythrocyte stages in plasma-free culture medium. Exp Parasitol 57 :76ā80.
Asahi H, Kanazawa T, 1994. Continuous cultivation of intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum in a serum-free medium with the use of a growth-promoting factor. Parasitology 109 :397ā401.
Lingnau A, Margos G, Maier WA, Seitz HM, 1994. Serum-free cultivation of several Plasmodium falciparum strains. Parasitol Res 80 :84ā86.
Ofulla AVO, Okoye VCN, Khan B, Githure JI, Roberts CR, Johnson AJ, Martin SK, 1993. Cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in a serum-free medium. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49 :335ā340.
Binh VQ, Luty AJF, Kremsner PG, 1997. Differential effects of human serum and cells on the growth of Plasmodium falciparum adapted to serum-free in vitro culture conditions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57 :594ā600.
Cranmer SL, Magowan C, Liang J, Coppel RL, Cooke BM, 1997. An alternative to serum for cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :363ā365.
Flores MVC., Berger-Eiszele SM, Stewart TS, 1997. Long-term cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum in media with commercial non-serum supplements. Parasitol Res 83 :734ā736.
Ringwald P, Meche FS, Bickii J, Basco LK, 1999. In vitro culture and drug sensitivity assay of Plasmodium falciparum with non-serum substitute and acute phase sera. J Clin Microbiol 37 :700ā705.
Oduola AMJ, Ogundahunsi OAT, Salako LA, 1992. Continuous cultivation and drug susceptibility testing of Plasmodium falciparum in a malaria endemic area. J Protozool 39 :605ā608.
Binh VQ, Luty AJF, Kremsner PG, 1997. Differential effects of human serum and cells on the growth of Plasmodium falciparum adapted to serum-free in vitro culture conditions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57 :594ā600.
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In vitro drug sensitivity assay is an important tool for various on-going studies aiming to establish the correlation between candidate molecular markers for drug resistance and drug response in laboratory-adapted strains and field isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. A widespread use of this technique in the field would require a suitable substitute that can replace human serum. In this study, several alternative sources of serum substitutes and supplements were evaluated for their capacity to sustain parasite growth for a single life cycle and their compatibility with in vitro assays for clinical isolates that have not been adapted to in vitro culture. Albumax, a commercial preparation of lipid-enriched bovine albumin, did not support parasite growth as much as human serum and fetal calf serum in several isolates. Other serum supplements (AmnioMax and Ultroser) supported parasite growth relatively well. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of chloroquine and antifolates determined with 0.05% Albumax were generally two or three times higher than with human serum. With 10% fetal calf serum, IC50s for chloroquine and antifolates were approximately two times higher and three times lower than with human serum, respectively. The use of AmnioMax and OptiMAb resulted in a greater than two-fold increase in IC50s and several uninterpretable assays. Despite possible batch-to-batch differences, fetal calf serum may be a suitable substitute for in vitro drug assays while awaiting the results of further studies on other serum substitutes and supplements.
Reeder JC, Rieckmann KH, Genton B, Lorry K, Wines B, Cowman AF, 1996. Point mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthetase genes and in vitro susceptibility to pyrimethamine and cycloguanil of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Papua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :209ā213.
Nzila-Mounda A, Mberu E, Sibley C, Plowe C, Winstanley P, Watkins W, 1998. Kenyan Plasmodium falciparum field isolates: Correlation between pyrimethamine and chlorcycloguanil activity in vitro and point mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase domain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42 :164ā169.
Basco LK, Tahar R, Keundjian A, Ringwald P, 2000. Sequence variations in the genes encoding dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase and clinical response to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria. J Infect Dis 182 :624ā628.
Babiker HA, Pringle SJ, Abdel-Muhsin A, Mackinnon M, Hunt P, Walliker D, 2001. High-level chloroquine resistance in Sudanese isolates of Plasmodium falciparum is associated with mutations in the chloroquine resistance transporter gene pfcrt and the multidrug resistance gene pfmdr1.J Infect Dis 183 :1535ā1538.
Basco LK, Ringwald P, 2001. Analysis of the key pfcrt point mutation and in vitro and in vivo response to chloroquine in Yaounde, Cameroon. J Infect Dis 183 :1828ā1831.
Price RN, Cassar C, Brockman A, Duraisingh M, van Vugt M, White NJ, Nosten F, Krishna S, 1999. The pfmdr1 gene is associated with a multidrug-resistant phenotype in Plasmodium falciparum from the western border of Thailand. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43 :2943ā2949.
Duraisingh MT, Jones P, Sambou I, von Seidlein L, Pinder M, Warhurst DC, 2000. The tyrosine-86 allele of the pfmdr1 gene of Plasmodium falciparum is associated with increased sensitivity to the anti-malarials mefloquine and artemisinin. Mol Biochem Parasitol 108 :13ā23.
Basco LK, Ringwald P, 2002. Molecular epidemiology of malaria in Cameroon. X. Evaluation of pfmdr1 mutations as genetic marker for resistance to amino alcohols and artemisinin derivatives. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :667ā671.
Korsinczky M, Chen NH, Kotecka B, Saul A, Rieckmann K, Cheng Q, 2000. Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b that are associated with atovaquone resistance are located at a putative drug-binding site. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44 :2100ā2108.
Triglia T, Menting JGT, Wilson C, Cowman AF, 1997. Mutations in dihydropteroate synthase are responsible for sulfone and sulfonamide resistance in Plasmodium falciparum.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 :13944ā13949.
Wang P, Sims PFG, Hyde JE, 1997. A modified in vitro sulfadoxine susceptibility assay for Plasmodium falciparum suitable for investigating Fansidar resistance. Parasitology 115 :223ā230.
Ndounga M, Basco LK, Ringwald P, 2001. Evaluation of a new sulfadoxine sensitivity assay in vitro for field isolates of Plasmodium falciparum.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 :55ā57.
Trager W, Jensen JB, 1976. Human malaria parasites in continuous culture. Science 193 :673ā675.
Mount DL, Nahlen BL, Patchen LC, Churchill FC, 1989. Adaptations of the Saker-Solomons test: Simple, reliable colorimetric field assays for chloroquine and its metabolites in urine. Bull World Health Organ 67 :295ā300.
Desjardins RE, Canfield CJ, Haynes JD, Chulay JD, 1979. Quantitative assessment of antimalarial activity in vitro by a semiautomated microdilution technique. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 16 :710ā718.
Le Bras J, Deloron P, Ricour A, Andrieu B, Savel J, Coulaud JP, 1983. Plasmodium falciparum: drug sensitivity in vitro of isolates before and after adaptation to continuous culture. Exp Parasitol 56 :9ā14.
Pologe LG, Ravetch JV, 1986. A chromosome rearrangement in Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein gene is associated with the knobless phenotype. Nature 322 :474ā477.
Siddiqui WA, Richmond-Crum SM, 1977. Fatty acid-free bovine albumin as plasma replacement for in vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum.J Parasitol 63 :583ā584.
Ifediba T, Vanderberg JP, 1980. Peptones and calf serum as a replacement for human serum in the cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum.J Parasitol 66 :236ā239.
Divo AA, Jensen JB, 1982. Studies on serum requirements for the cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum. I. Animal sera. Bull World Health Organ 60 :565ā569.
Willet GP, Canfield CJ, 1984. Plasmodium falciparum: continuous cultivation of erythrocyte stages in plasma-free culture medium. Exp Parasitol 57 :76ā80.
Asahi H, Kanazawa T, 1994. Continuous cultivation of intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum in a serum-free medium with the use of a growth-promoting factor. Parasitology 109 :397ā401.
Lingnau A, Margos G, Maier WA, Seitz HM, 1994. Serum-free cultivation of several Plasmodium falciparum strains. Parasitol Res 80 :84ā86.
Ofulla AVO, Okoye VCN, Khan B, Githure JI, Roberts CR, Johnson AJ, Martin SK, 1993. Cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in a serum-free medium. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49 :335ā340.
Binh VQ, Luty AJF, Kremsner PG, 1997. Differential effects of human serum and cells on the growth of Plasmodium falciparum adapted to serum-free in vitro culture conditions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57 :594ā600.
Cranmer SL, Magowan C, Liang J, Coppel RL, Cooke BM, 1997. An alternative to serum for cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :363ā365.
Flores MVC., Berger-Eiszele SM, Stewart TS, 1997. Long-term cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum in media with commercial non-serum supplements. Parasitol Res 83 :734ā736.
Ringwald P, Meche FS, Bickii J, Basco LK, 1999. In vitro culture and drug sensitivity assay of Plasmodium falciparum with non-serum substitute and acute phase sera. J Clin Microbiol 37 :700ā705.
Oduola AMJ, Ogundahunsi OAT, Salako LA, 1992. Continuous cultivation and drug susceptibility testing of Plasmodium falciparum in a malaria endemic area. J Protozool 39 :605ā608.
Binh VQ, Luty AJF, Kremsner PG, 1997. Differential effects of human serum and cells on the growth of Plasmodium falciparum adapted to serum-free in vitro culture conditions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57 :594ā600.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 22 | 22 | 7 |
Full Text Views | 250 | 89 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 59 | 24 | 0 |