Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000. Guidelines for surveillance, prevention and control of West Nile virus infection—United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 49 :25–28.
-
2
Lord RD, Calisher CH, 1970. Further evidence of southward transport of arboviruses by migratory birds. Amer J Epidemiol 92 :73–78.
-
3
Malkinson M, Banet C, Weisman Y, Pokamunski S, King R, Drouet MT, Deubel V, 2002. Introduction of West Nile virus in the Middle East by migrating white storks. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :392–397.
-
4
McCaig LF, Janowski HT, Gunn RA, Tsai TF, 1994. Epidemiologic aspects of a St. Louis encephalitis outbreak in Fort Walton Beach, Florida in 1980. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50 :387–391.
-
5
Day JF, Curtis GA, 1993. Annual emergence patterns of Culex nigripalpus females before, during and after a widespread St. Louis encephalitis epidemic in south Florida. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 9 :249–255.
-
6
O’Bryan PD, Jefferson HJ, 1991. The year of the chicken: The good and bad of a sentinel chicken flock during the 1990 Florida SLE epidemic. J Fla Mosq Control Assoc 62 :59–63.
-
7
Florida Department of Health, Surveillance and control of selected arthropod-borne diseases in Florida. 2000. Available from URL: http://www.doh.state.fl.us/epi/vetvector/arbo99.pdf
-
8
Eidson M, Kramer L, Stone W, Hagiwara Y, Schmit K, The New York State West Nile Virus Avian Surveillance Team, 2001. Dead bird surveillance as an early warning system for West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :631–635.
-
9
The Florida consensus estimating conference, November 2001 estimations. Available at URL http://www.state.fl.us/edr/population.htm
-
10
Lanciotti RS, Kerst AJ, Nasci RS, Godsey MS, Mitchell CJ, Savage HM, Komar N, Panella NA, Allen BC, Volpe KE, Davis BS, Roehrig JT, 2000. Rapid detection of West Nile virus from human clinical specimens, field-collected mosquitoes and avian samples by TaqMan reverse transcriptase-PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 38 :4066–4071.
-
11
Kramer LD, Bernard KA, 2001. West Nile virus infection in birds and mammals. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951 :84–93.
-
12
Day JF, Stark LM, 1996. Transmission patterns of St. Louis encephalitis and eastern equine encephalitis viruses in Florida: 1978–1993. J Med Entomol 33 :132–139.
-
13
Martin DA, Muth DA, Brown T, Johnson AJ, Karabatsos N, Roehrig JT, 2000. Standardization of Immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for routine diagnosis of arboviral infections. J Clin Microbiol 38 :1823–1826.
-
14
Beaty BJ, Calisher CH, Shope RE, 1989. Arboviruses. Schmidt NJ, Emmons RW, eds. Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial and Chlamydial Infections. Washington DC: American Public Health Association, 797–855.
-
15
Ostlund EN, Crom RL, Pedersen DD, Johnson DJ, Williams WO, Schmitt BJ, 2001. Equine West Nile encephalitis, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :665–669.
-
16
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Encephalitis or meningitis, Arboviral (includes California, eastern equine, St. Louis, western equine, West Nile, Powassan), 2001 Case Definition. Available from URL http://www.cdc.gov/epo/dphsi/casedef/encephalitis_arboviral_current.htm
-
17
Trock SC, Meade BJ, Glaser AL, Ostlund EN, Lanciotti RS, Cropp BC, Kulasekera V, Kramer LD, Komar N, 2001. West Nile virus outbreak among horses in New York State, 1999 and 2000. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :745–747.
-
18
Cherry B, Trock SC, Glaser A, Kramer L, Ebel GD, Glaser C, Miller JR, 2001. Sentinel chickens as a surveillance tool for West Nile virus in New York City, 2000. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951 :343–346.
-
19
Day JF, Stark LM, 2000. Frequency of Saint Louis Encephalitis virus in humans from Florida, USA: 1990–1999. J Med Entomol 37 :626–633.
-
20
Hayes CG, 2001. West Nile virus: Uganda, 1937, to New York City, 1999. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951 :25–37.
-
21
Hadler J, Nelson R, McCarthy T, Andreadis T, Lis MJ, French R, Beckwith W, Mayo D, Archambault G, Cartter M, 2001. West Nile virus surveillance in Connecticut in 2000: An intense epizootic without high risk for severe human disease. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :636–642.
-
22
Bernard KA, Maffei JG, Jones SA, Kauffman EB, Ebel GD, Dupuis II AP, Ngo KA, Nicholas DC, Young DM, Shi PY, Kulasekera VL, Eidson, M, White DJ, Stone WB, NY State West Nile Virus Surveillance Team, Kramer LD, 2001. West Nile virus infection in birds and mosquitoes, New York State, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :679–685.
-
23
Komar N, Panella NA, Burns JE, Dusza SW, Mascarenhas TM, Talbot TO, 2001. Serologic evidence for West Nile virus infection in birds in the New York City vicinity during an outbreak in 1999. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :621–625.
-
24
Sardelis MR, Turell MJ, Dohm MJ, Dohm DJ, O’Guinn ML, 2001. Vector competence of selected North American Culex and Coquillettidia mosquitoes for West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :1018–1022.
-
25
Turell MJ, O’Guinn ML, Dohm DJ, Jones JW, 2001. Vector competence of North American mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile virus. J Med Entomol 38 :130–134.
-
26
Rappole JH, Derrickson SR, Hubálek Z, 2000. Migratory birds and spread of West Nile virus in the Western Hemisphere. Emerg Infect Dis 6 :319–328.
-
27
Nelson DB, Kappus KD, Janowski HT, Buff E, Wellings FM, Schneider NJ, 1983. St. Louis encephalitis-Florida 1977. Patterns of a widespread outbreak. Am J Trop Med Hyg 32 :412–416.
-
28
Day JF, Curtis GA, Edman JD, 1990. Rainfall-directed oviposition behavior of Culex nigripalpus (Diptera: Culicidae) and its influence on St. Louis Encephalitis virus transmission in Indian River County. Fla J Med Entomol 27 :43–50.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 26 | 26 | 8 |
| Full Text Views | 320 | 101 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 95 | 21 | 0 |
SURVEILLANCE RESULTS FROM THE FIRST WEST NILE VIRUS TRANSMISSION SEASON IN FLORIDA, 2001
CARINA G. M. BLACKMORE
CARINA G. M. BLACKMORE
Bureau of Epidemiology, Florida Department of Health, Jacksonville, Florida; Bureau of Laboratories-Tampa, Tampa, Florida; Department of Health, Tampa, Florida; Division of Animal Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Tallahassee, Florida; Division of Health Affairs, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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LILLIAN M. STARK
LILLIAN M. STARK
Bureau of Epidemiology, Florida Department of Health, Jacksonville, Florida; Bureau of Laboratories-Tampa, Tampa, Florida; Department of Health, Tampa, Florida; Division of Animal Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Tallahassee, Florida; Division of Health Affairs, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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WILLIAM C. JETER
WILLIAM C. JETER
Bureau of Epidemiology, Florida Department of Health, Jacksonville, Florida; Bureau of Laboratories-Tampa, Tampa, Florida; Department of Health, Tampa, Florida; Division of Animal Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Tallahassee, Florida; Division of Health Affairs, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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ROBIN L. OLIVERI
ROBIN L. OLIVERI
Bureau of Epidemiology, Florida Department of Health, Jacksonville, Florida; Bureau of Laboratories-Tampa, Tampa, Florida; Department of Health, Tampa, Florida; Division of Animal Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Tallahassee, Florida; Division of Health Affairs, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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ROBERT G. BROOKS
ROBERT G. BROOKS
Bureau of Epidemiology, Florida Department of Health, Jacksonville, Florida; Bureau of Laboratories-Tampa, Tampa, Florida; Department of Health, Tampa, Florida; Division of Animal Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Tallahassee, Florida; Division of Health Affairs, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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LISA A. CONTI
LISA A. CONTI
Bureau of Epidemiology, Florida Department of Health, Jacksonville, Florida; Bureau of Laboratories-Tampa, Tampa, Florida; Department of Health, Tampa, Florida; Division of Animal Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Tallahassee, Florida; Division of Health Affairs, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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STEVEN T. WIERSMA
STEVEN T. WIERSMA
Bureau of Epidemiology, Florida Department of Health, Jacksonville, Florida; Bureau of Laboratories-Tampa, Tampa, Florida; Department of Health, Tampa, Florida; Division of Animal Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Tallahassee, Florida; Division of Health Affairs, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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After West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in Florida in July 2001, intensive surveillance efforts over the following five months uncovered virus activity in 65 of the state’s 67 counties with 1,106 wild birds, 492 horses, 194 sentinel chickens, and 12 people found infected with the virus. Thirteen of 28 mosquito isolations came from Culex mosquitoes. As seen in the northeastern United States, wild bird mortality was the most sensitive surveillance method. However, unlike the predominantly urban 1999 and 2000 epizootics, the Florida transmission foci were rural with most activity detected in the northern part of the state. All human cases were preceded by the detection of WNV in animals; however, only eight of the twelve cases were preceded by reports of WNV activity in the county of residence. West Nile virus-positive animals detected by multiple surveillance systems preceded seven of these cases by two weeks or more.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000. Guidelines for surveillance, prevention and control of West Nile virus infection—United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 49 :25–28.
-
2
Lord RD, Calisher CH, 1970. Further evidence of southward transport of arboviruses by migratory birds. Amer J Epidemiol 92 :73–78.
-
3
Malkinson M, Banet C, Weisman Y, Pokamunski S, King R, Drouet MT, Deubel V, 2002. Introduction of West Nile virus in the Middle East by migrating white storks. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :392–397.
-
4
McCaig LF, Janowski HT, Gunn RA, Tsai TF, 1994. Epidemiologic aspects of a St. Louis encephalitis outbreak in Fort Walton Beach, Florida in 1980. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50 :387–391.
-
5
Day JF, Curtis GA, 1993. Annual emergence patterns of Culex nigripalpus females before, during and after a widespread St. Louis encephalitis epidemic in south Florida. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 9 :249–255.
-
6
O’Bryan PD, Jefferson HJ, 1991. The year of the chicken: The good and bad of a sentinel chicken flock during the 1990 Florida SLE epidemic. J Fla Mosq Control Assoc 62 :59–63.
-
7
Florida Department of Health, Surveillance and control of selected arthropod-borne diseases in Florida. 2000. Available from URL: http://www.doh.state.fl.us/epi/vetvector/arbo99.pdf
-
8
Eidson M, Kramer L, Stone W, Hagiwara Y, Schmit K, The New York State West Nile Virus Avian Surveillance Team, 2001. Dead bird surveillance as an early warning system for West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :631–635.
-
9
The Florida consensus estimating conference, November 2001 estimations. Available at URL http://www.state.fl.us/edr/population.htm
-
10
Lanciotti RS, Kerst AJ, Nasci RS, Godsey MS, Mitchell CJ, Savage HM, Komar N, Panella NA, Allen BC, Volpe KE, Davis BS, Roehrig JT, 2000. Rapid detection of West Nile virus from human clinical specimens, field-collected mosquitoes and avian samples by TaqMan reverse transcriptase-PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 38 :4066–4071.
-
11
Kramer LD, Bernard KA, 2001. West Nile virus infection in birds and mammals. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951 :84–93.
-
12
Day JF, Stark LM, 1996. Transmission patterns of St. Louis encephalitis and eastern equine encephalitis viruses in Florida: 1978–1993. J Med Entomol 33 :132–139.
-
13
Martin DA, Muth DA, Brown T, Johnson AJ, Karabatsos N, Roehrig JT, 2000. Standardization of Immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for routine diagnosis of arboviral infections. J Clin Microbiol 38 :1823–1826.
-
14
Beaty BJ, Calisher CH, Shope RE, 1989. Arboviruses. Schmidt NJ, Emmons RW, eds. Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial and Chlamydial Infections. Washington DC: American Public Health Association, 797–855.
-
15
Ostlund EN, Crom RL, Pedersen DD, Johnson DJ, Williams WO, Schmitt BJ, 2001. Equine West Nile encephalitis, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :665–669.
-
16
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Encephalitis or meningitis, Arboviral (includes California, eastern equine, St. Louis, western equine, West Nile, Powassan), 2001 Case Definition. Available from URL http://www.cdc.gov/epo/dphsi/casedef/encephalitis_arboviral_current.htm
-
17
Trock SC, Meade BJ, Glaser AL, Ostlund EN, Lanciotti RS, Cropp BC, Kulasekera V, Kramer LD, Komar N, 2001. West Nile virus outbreak among horses in New York State, 1999 and 2000. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :745–747.
-
18
Cherry B, Trock SC, Glaser A, Kramer L, Ebel GD, Glaser C, Miller JR, 2001. Sentinel chickens as a surveillance tool for West Nile virus in New York City, 2000. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951 :343–346.
-
19
Day JF, Stark LM, 2000. Frequency of Saint Louis Encephalitis virus in humans from Florida, USA: 1990–1999. J Med Entomol 37 :626–633.
-
20
Hayes CG, 2001. West Nile virus: Uganda, 1937, to New York City, 1999. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951 :25–37.
-
21
Hadler J, Nelson R, McCarthy T, Andreadis T, Lis MJ, French R, Beckwith W, Mayo D, Archambault G, Cartter M, 2001. West Nile virus surveillance in Connecticut in 2000: An intense epizootic without high risk for severe human disease. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :636–642.
-
22
Bernard KA, Maffei JG, Jones SA, Kauffman EB, Ebel GD, Dupuis II AP, Ngo KA, Nicholas DC, Young DM, Shi PY, Kulasekera VL, Eidson, M, White DJ, Stone WB, NY State West Nile Virus Surveillance Team, Kramer LD, 2001. West Nile virus infection in birds and mosquitoes, New York State, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :679–685.
-
23
Komar N, Panella NA, Burns JE, Dusza SW, Mascarenhas TM, Talbot TO, 2001. Serologic evidence for West Nile virus infection in birds in the New York City vicinity during an outbreak in 1999. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :621–625.
-
24
Sardelis MR, Turell MJ, Dohm MJ, Dohm DJ, O’Guinn ML, 2001. Vector competence of selected North American Culex and Coquillettidia mosquitoes for West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :1018–1022.
-
25
Turell MJ, O’Guinn ML, Dohm DJ, Jones JW, 2001. Vector competence of North American mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile virus. J Med Entomol 38 :130–134.
-
26
Rappole JH, Derrickson SR, Hubálek Z, 2000. Migratory birds and spread of West Nile virus in the Western Hemisphere. Emerg Infect Dis 6 :319–328.
-
27
Nelson DB, Kappus KD, Janowski HT, Buff E, Wellings FM, Schneider NJ, 1983. St. Louis encephalitis-Florida 1977. Patterns of a widespread outbreak. Am J Trop Med Hyg 32 :412–416.
-
28
Day JF, Curtis GA, Edman JD, 1990. Rainfall-directed oviposition behavior of Culex nigripalpus (Diptera: Culicidae) and its influence on St. Louis Encephalitis virus transmission in Indian River County. Fla J Med Entomol 27 :43–50.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 26 | 26 | 8 |
| Full Text Views | 320 | 101 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 95 | 21 | 0 |