Rahmathullah L, Underwood BA, Thulasiraj RD, Milton RC, Ramaswamy K, Rahmathullah R, Babu G, 1990. Reduced mortality among children in southern India receiving a small weekly dose of vitamin A. N Engl J Med 323 :929–935.
Vijayaraghavan K, Radhaiah G, Prakasam BS, Sarma KV, Reddy V, 1990. Effect of massive dose vitamin A on morbidity and mortality in Indian children. Lancet 336 :1342–1345.
Anonymous, 1993. Vitamin A supplementation in northern Ghana: effects on clinic attendances, hospital admissions, and child mortality. Ghana VAST Study Team. Lancet 342 :7–12.
Alonso PL, Lindsay SW, Armstrong JR, Conteh M, Hill AG, David PH, Fegan G, de Francisco A, Hall AJ, Shenton FC, Cham K, Greenwood BM, 1991. The effect of insecticide-treated bed nets on mortality of Gambian children. Lancet 337 :1499–1502.
D’Alessandro U, Olaleye BO, McGuire W, Langerock P, Bennett S, Aikins MK, Thomson MC, Cham MK, Cham BA, Greenwood BM, 1995. Mortality and morbidity from malaria in Gambian children after introduction of an impregnated bednet programme. Lancet 345 :479–483.
Binka FN, Kubaje A, Adjuik M, Williams LA, Lengeler C, Maude GH, Armah GE, Kajihara B, Adiamah JH, Smith PG, 1996. Impact of permethrin impregnated bednets on child mortality in Kassena- Nankana district, Ghana: a randomized controlled trial. Trop Med Int Health 1 :147–154.
Nevill CG, Some ES, Mung’ala VO, Mutemi W, New L, Marsh K, Lengeler C, Snow RW, 1996. Insecticide-treated bednets reduce mortality and severe morbidity from malaria among children on the Kenyan coast. Trop Med Int Health 1 :139–146.
Habluetzel A, Diallo DA, Esposito F, Lamizana L, Pagnoni F, Lengeler C, Traore C, Cousens SN, 1997. Do insecticide-treated curtains reduce all-cause child mortality in Burkina Faso? Trop Med Int Health 2 :855–862.
Schellenberg JA, Abdulla S, Nathan R, Mukasa O, Marchant T, Kikumbih N, Mushi A, Mponda H, Minja H, Mshinda H, Tanner M, Lengeler C, 2001. Effect of large-scale social marketing of insecticide-treated nets on child survival in rural Tanzania. Lancet 357 :1241–1247.
Phillips J, 1998. The “Perfect DSS”. INDEPTH Network Constituting Conference. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 1–16.
Indepth-Network, 2002. Indepth-network website <http://www.indepth-netwrok.net/>.
Doscher ML, Woodward JA, 1983. Estimating the size of sub-populations of heroin users: applications of log-linear models to capture/recapture sampling. Int J Addict 18 :167–182.
Mastro TD, Kitayaporn D, Weniger BG, Vanichseni S, Laosunthorn V, Uneklabh T, Uneklabh C, Choopanya K, Limpakarnjanarat K, 1994. Estimating the number of HIV-infected injection drug users in Bangkok: a capture—recapture method. Am J Public Health 84 :1094–1099.
Maxwell JC, 2000. Methods for estimating the number of “hard-core” drug users. Subst Use Misuse 35 :399–420.
Rubin G, Umbach D, Shyu SF, Castillo-Chavez C, 1992. Using mark-recapture methodology to estimate the size of a population at risk for sexually transmitted diseases. Stat Med 11 :1533–1549.
Gill GV, Ismail AA, Beeching NJ, 2001. The use of capture-recapture techniques in determining the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. QJM 94 :341–346.
Modesitt SK, Hulman S, Fleming D, 1990. Evaluation of active versus passive AIDS surveillance in Oregon. Am J Public Health 80 :463–464.
Berghold A, Stronegger WJ, Wernecke KD, 2001. A model and application for estimating completeness of registration. Methods Inf Med 40 :122–126.
Anonymous, 2000. 1999 Population and Housing Census: Volume 1. Nairobi, Kenya: Republic of Kenya: Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance and Planning.
Phillips-Howard PA, Nahlen BL, Alaii JA, ter Kuile FO, Gimnig JE, Terlouw DJ, Kachur SP, Hightower AW, Lal AA, Schoute E, Oloo AJ, Hawley WA, 2003. The efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and morbidity in western Kenya. I. Development of infrastructure and description of study site. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):3–9.
Hawley WA, Phillips-Howard PA, ter Kuile FO, Terlouw DJ, Vulule JM, Ombok M, Nahlen BL, Gimnig JE, Kariuki SK, Kolczak MS, Hightower AW, 2003. Community-wide effects of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and malaria morbidity in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):121–127.
Phillips-Howard PA, Ter Kuile FO, Nahlen BL, Alaii JA, Gimnig JE, Kolczak MS, Terlouw DJ, Kariuki SK, Shi YP, Kachur SP, Hightower AW, Vulule JM, Hawley WA, 2003. The efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and morbidity in western Kenya. II. Study design and methods. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):10–15.
Arudo J, Gimnig JE, ter Kuile FO, Kachur SP, Slutsker L, Kolczak MS, Hawley WS, Orago ASS, Nahlen BL, Phillips-Howard PA, 2003. Comparison of government statistics and demographic surveillance to monitor mortality in children less than five years old in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):30–37.
Hook EB, Regal RR, 1995. Capture-recapture methods in epidemiology: methods and limitations. Epidemiol Rev 17 :243–264.
Chao A, Tsay PK, Lin S, Shau W, Chao D, 2001. Tutorial in biostatistics: the application of capture-recapture models to epidemiological data. Stat Med 20 :3123–3157.
Chapman DG, 1951. Some properties of the hypergeometric distribution with applications to zoological sample censuses. Univ Calif Public Stat 1 :131–160.
Wittes JT, 1972. On the bias and estimated variance of Chapman’s two-sample capture-recapture population estimate. Biometrics 28 :592–597.
Regal R, Hook E, 1984. Goodness-of-fit based confidence intervals for estimates of the size of a closed population. Stat Med 3 :287–291.
Becker SR, Diop F, Thornton JN, 1993. Infant and child mortality in two counties of Liberia: results of a survey in 1988 and trends since 1984. Int J Epidemiol 22 (Suppl 1):S56–S63.
Nannan N, Bradshaw D, Mazur R, Maphumulo S, 1998. What is the infant mortality rate in South Africa? The need for improved data. S Afr Med J 88 :1583–1587.
McElroy PD, ter Kuile FO, Hightower AW, Hawley WA, Phillips-Howard PA, Oloo AJ, Lal AA, Nahlen BL, 2001. All-cause mortality among young children in western Kenya. VI: the Asembo Bay Cohort Project. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 :18–27.
van den Broeck J, Eeckels R, Massa G, 1996. Maternal determinants of child survival in a rural African community. Int J Epidemiol 25 :998–1004.
Watts T, Ng’andu N, Wray J, 1989. Mothers in an urban township in Zambia. J Trop Pediatr 35 :117–120.
De Francisco A, Hall AJ, Schellenberg JR, Greenwood AM, Greenwood BM, 1993. The pattern of infant and childhood mortality in Upper River Division, The Gambia. Ann Trop Paediatr 13 :345–352.
Salum FM, Wilkes TJ, Kivumbi K, Curtis CF, 1994. Mortality of under-fives in a rural area of holoendemic malaria transmission. Acta Trop 58 :29–34.
Mung’ala VO, Snow RW, 1994. Death registration on the Kenyan Coast. East Afr Med J 71 :747–750.
Binka FN, Maude GH, Gyapong M, Ross DA, Smith PG, 1995. Risk factors for child mortality in northern Ghana: a case-control study. Int J Epidemiol 24 :127–135.
Diallo DA, Habluetzel A, Esposito F, Cousens SN, 1996. Comparison of two methods for assessing child mortality in areas without comprehensive registration systems. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90 :610–613.
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We evaluated the completeness and differential ascertainment of vital events in children less than five years old registered in two rounds of a demographic surveillance system (DSS) in western Kenya using a two-sample capture-recapture. The primary lists consisted of births and child deaths identified by two rounds of the DSS conducted in October 2000 and August 2001. The secondary lists consisted of births and child deaths identified independently from two surveys of 5,000 randomly selected households conducted immediately after each DSS round, covering the same population over the same time period. Analysis of the overlap between lists yielded the following sensitivities for the two DSS rounds: 62% and 49%, respectively, for identifying neonatal deaths (<1 month); 72% and 78%, respectively, for post-neonatal child deaths (1–59 months); and 88% and 78%, respectively, for identifying newborns. Female deaths were less likely to be reported than male deaths. The primary limitation of using capture-recapture in this setting was difficulty in matching between lists due to inconsistent dates of birth and death and variability in spelling of names. Assuming limitations of current methods are sufficiently addressed, capture-recapture appears to be a useful tool in evaluating DSS completeness and differential ascertainment of vital events.
Rahmathullah L, Underwood BA, Thulasiraj RD, Milton RC, Ramaswamy K, Rahmathullah R, Babu G, 1990. Reduced mortality among children in southern India receiving a small weekly dose of vitamin A. N Engl J Med 323 :929–935.
Vijayaraghavan K, Radhaiah G, Prakasam BS, Sarma KV, Reddy V, 1990. Effect of massive dose vitamin A on morbidity and mortality in Indian children. Lancet 336 :1342–1345.
Anonymous, 1993. Vitamin A supplementation in northern Ghana: effects on clinic attendances, hospital admissions, and child mortality. Ghana VAST Study Team. Lancet 342 :7–12.
Alonso PL, Lindsay SW, Armstrong JR, Conteh M, Hill AG, David PH, Fegan G, de Francisco A, Hall AJ, Shenton FC, Cham K, Greenwood BM, 1991. The effect of insecticide-treated bed nets on mortality of Gambian children. Lancet 337 :1499–1502.
D’Alessandro U, Olaleye BO, McGuire W, Langerock P, Bennett S, Aikins MK, Thomson MC, Cham MK, Cham BA, Greenwood BM, 1995. Mortality and morbidity from malaria in Gambian children after introduction of an impregnated bednet programme. Lancet 345 :479–483.
Binka FN, Kubaje A, Adjuik M, Williams LA, Lengeler C, Maude GH, Armah GE, Kajihara B, Adiamah JH, Smith PG, 1996. Impact of permethrin impregnated bednets on child mortality in Kassena- Nankana district, Ghana: a randomized controlled trial. Trop Med Int Health 1 :147–154.
Nevill CG, Some ES, Mung’ala VO, Mutemi W, New L, Marsh K, Lengeler C, Snow RW, 1996. Insecticide-treated bednets reduce mortality and severe morbidity from malaria among children on the Kenyan coast. Trop Med Int Health 1 :139–146.
Habluetzel A, Diallo DA, Esposito F, Lamizana L, Pagnoni F, Lengeler C, Traore C, Cousens SN, 1997. Do insecticide-treated curtains reduce all-cause child mortality in Burkina Faso? Trop Med Int Health 2 :855–862.
Schellenberg JA, Abdulla S, Nathan R, Mukasa O, Marchant T, Kikumbih N, Mushi A, Mponda H, Minja H, Mshinda H, Tanner M, Lengeler C, 2001. Effect of large-scale social marketing of insecticide-treated nets on child survival in rural Tanzania. Lancet 357 :1241–1247.
Phillips J, 1998. The “Perfect DSS”. INDEPTH Network Constituting Conference. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 1–16.
Indepth-Network, 2002. Indepth-network website <http://www.indepth-netwrok.net/>.
Doscher ML, Woodward JA, 1983. Estimating the size of sub-populations of heroin users: applications of log-linear models to capture/recapture sampling. Int J Addict 18 :167–182.
Mastro TD, Kitayaporn D, Weniger BG, Vanichseni S, Laosunthorn V, Uneklabh T, Uneklabh C, Choopanya K, Limpakarnjanarat K, 1994. Estimating the number of HIV-infected injection drug users in Bangkok: a capture—recapture method. Am J Public Health 84 :1094–1099.
Maxwell JC, 2000. Methods for estimating the number of “hard-core” drug users. Subst Use Misuse 35 :399–420.
Rubin G, Umbach D, Shyu SF, Castillo-Chavez C, 1992. Using mark-recapture methodology to estimate the size of a population at risk for sexually transmitted diseases. Stat Med 11 :1533–1549.
Gill GV, Ismail AA, Beeching NJ, 2001. The use of capture-recapture techniques in determining the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. QJM 94 :341–346.
Modesitt SK, Hulman S, Fleming D, 1990. Evaluation of active versus passive AIDS surveillance in Oregon. Am J Public Health 80 :463–464.
Berghold A, Stronegger WJ, Wernecke KD, 2001. A model and application for estimating completeness of registration. Methods Inf Med 40 :122–126.
Anonymous, 2000. 1999 Population and Housing Census: Volume 1. Nairobi, Kenya: Republic of Kenya: Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance and Planning.
Phillips-Howard PA, Nahlen BL, Alaii JA, ter Kuile FO, Gimnig JE, Terlouw DJ, Kachur SP, Hightower AW, Lal AA, Schoute E, Oloo AJ, Hawley WA, 2003. The efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and morbidity in western Kenya. I. Development of infrastructure and description of study site. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):3–9.
Hawley WA, Phillips-Howard PA, ter Kuile FO, Terlouw DJ, Vulule JM, Ombok M, Nahlen BL, Gimnig JE, Kariuki SK, Kolczak MS, Hightower AW, 2003. Community-wide effects of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and malaria morbidity in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):121–127.
Phillips-Howard PA, Ter Kuile FO, Nahlen BL, Alaii JA, Gimnig JE, Kolczak MS, Terlouw DJ, Kariuki SK, Shi YP, Kachur SP, Hightower AW, Vulule JM, Hawley WA, 2003. The efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and morbidity in western Kenya. II. Study design and methods. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):10–15.
Arudo J, Gimnig JE, ter Kuile FO, Kachur SP, Slutsker L, Kolczak MS, Hawley WS, Orago ASS, Nahlen BL, Phillips-Howard PA, 2003. Comparison of government statistics and demographic surveillance to monitor mortality in children less than five years old in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):30–37.
Hook EB, Regal RR, 1995. Capture-recapture methods in epidemiology: methods and limitations. Epidemiol Rev 17 :243–264.
Chao A, Tsay PK, Lin S, Shau W, Chao D, 2001. Tutorial in biostatistics: the application of capture-recapture models to epidemiological data. Stat Med 20 :3123–3157.
Chapman DG, 1951. Some properties of the hypergeometric distribution with applications to zoological sample censuses. Univ Calif Public Stat 1 :131–160.
Wittes JT, 1972. On the bias and estimated variance of Chapman’s two-sample capture-recapture population estimate. Biometrics 28 :592–597.
Regal R, Hook E, 1984. Goodness-of-fit based confidence intervals for estimates of the size of a closed population. Stat Med 3 :287–291.
Becker SR, Diop F, Thornton JN, 1993. Infant and child mortality in two counties of Liberia: results of a survey in 1988 and trends since 1984. Int J Epidemiol 22 (Suppl 1):S56–S63.
Nannan N, Bradshaw D, Mazur R, Maphumulo S, 1998. What is the infant mortality rate in South Africa? The need for improved data. S Afr Med J 88 :1583–1587.
McElroy PD, ter Kuile FO, Hightower AW, Hawley WA, Phillips-Howard PA, Oloo AJ, Lal AA, Nahlen BL, 2001. All-cause mortality among young children in western Kenya. VI: the Asembo Bay Cohort Project. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 :18–27.
van den Broeck J, Eeckels R, Massa G, 1996. Maternal determinants of child survival in a rural African community. Int J Epidemiol 25 :998–1004.
Watts T, Ng’andu N, Wray J, 1989. Mothers in an urban township in Zambia. J Trop Pediatr 35 :117–120.
De Francisco A, Hall AJ, Schellenberg JR, Greenwood AM, Greenwood BM, 1993. The pattern of infant and childhood mortality in Upper River Division, The Gambia. Ann Trop Paediatr 13 :345–352.
Salum FM, Wilkes TJ, Kivumbi K, Curtis CF, 1994. Mortality of under-fives in a rural area of holoendemic malaria transmission. Acta Trop 58 :29–34.
Mung’ala VO, Snow RW, 1994. Death registration on the Kenyan Coast. East Afr Med J 71 :747–750.
Binka FN, Maude GH, Gyapong M, Ross DA, Smith PG, 1995. Risk factors for child mortality in northern Ghana: a case-control study. Int J Epidemiol 24 :127–135.
Diallo DA, Habluetzel A, Esposito F, Cousens SN, 1996. Comparison of two methods for assessing child mortality in areas without comprehensive registration systems. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90 :610–613.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 15 | 15 | 7 |
Full Text Views | 211 | 82 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 30 | 12 | 0 |