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1
Komar N, 2000. West Nile viral encephalitis. Sci Tech Rev 19 :166–176.
-
2
Campbell GL, Marfin AA, Lanciotti RS, Gubler DJ, 2002. West Nile virus. Lancet Infect Dis 2 :519–529.
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3
O’Leary DR, Nasci RS, Campbell GL, Marfin AA, 2002. West Nile virus activity–United States, 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Weekly Rep 51 :497–501.
-
4
Marfin AA, Petersen LR, Eidson M, Miller J, Hadler J, Farello C, Werner B, Campbell G, Layton M, Smith P, Bresnitz E, Cartter M, Scoletta J, Obiri G, Bunning M, Craven R, Roehrig JT, Julian K, Hinton S, Gubler DJ, and the ArboNET Cooperative Surveillance Group, 2001. Widespread West Nile virus activity, Eastern United States, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :730–735.
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5
Trock SC, Meade BJ, Glaser AL, Ostlund EN, Lanciotti RS, Cropp BC, Kulasekera V, Kramer LD, Komar N, 2001. West Nile virus outbreak among horses in New York State, 1999 and 2000. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :745–747.
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6
Eidson M, Komar N, Sorhage F, Nelson R, Talbot T, Mostashari F, McLean R, and the West Nile Virus Avian Mortality Surveillance Group, 2001. Crow deaths as a sentinel surveillance system for West Nile virus in the northeastern United States, 1999. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :615–620.
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7
Komar N, Langevin S, Hinten S, Nemeth N, Edwards E, Hettler D, Davis B, Bowen R, Bunning M, 2003. Experimental infection of North American birds with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :311–322.
-
8
Monath TP, 2001. Prospects for development of a vaccine against the West Nile virus. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951 :1–12.
-
9
Davis BS, Chang GJ, Cropp B, Roehrig JT, Martin DA, Mitchell CJ, Bowen R, Bunning ML, 2001. West Nile virus recombinant DNA vaccine protects mouse and horse from virus challenge and expresses in vitro a noninfectious recombinant antigen that can be used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. J Virol 75 :4040–4047.
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10
Malkinson M, Banet C, Khinich Y, Samina I, Pokamunski S, Weisman Y, 2001. Use of live and inactivated vaccines in the control of West Nile fever in domestic geese. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951 :255–261.
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11
Arroyo J, Miller CA, Catalan J, Monath TP, 2001. Yellow fever vector live-virus vaccines: West Nile virus vaccine development. Trends Mol Med 7 :350–354.
-
12
Tesh RB, Arroyo J, Travassos Da Rosa AP, Guzman H, Xiao SY, Monath TP, 2002. Efficacy of killed virus vaccine, live attenuated chimeric virus vaccine, and passive immunization for prevention of West Nile virus encephalitis in hamster model. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :1392–1397.
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13
Beaty BJ, Calisher CH, Shope RE, 1989. Arboviruses. Schmidt NJ, Emmons RW, eds. Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial and Chlamydial IUnfections. Sixth edition. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 797–855.
-
14
Halevy M, Akov Y, Ben-Nathan D, Kobiler D, Lachmi B, Lustig S, 1994. Loss of active neuroinvasiveness in attenuated strains of West Nile virus: pathogenicity in immunocompetent and SCID mice. Arch Virol 137 :355–370.
-
15
Diamond MS, Shrestha B, Marri A, Mahan D, Engle M, 2003. B cells and antibody play critical roles in the immediate defense of disseminated infection by West Nile encephalitis virus. J Virol 77 :2578–2586.
-
16
Strode GK, 1951. Yellow Fever. New York: The McGraw-Hill Book Company, 360–361.
-
17
Langevin SA, Bunning M, Davis B, Komar N, 2001. Experimental infection of chickens as candidate sentinels for West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :726–729.
-
18
Senne DA, Pedersen JC, Hutto DL, Taylor WD, Schmitt BJ, Panigrahy B, 2000. Pathogenicity of West Nile virus in chickens. Avian Dis 44 :642–649.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 684 | 621 | 20 |
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| PDF Downloads | 44 | 10 | 0 |
HOST-RANGE RESTRICTION OF CHIMERIC YELLOW FEVER-WEST NILE VACCINE IN FISH CROWS (CORVUS OSSIFRAGUS)
STANLEY A. LANGEVIN
STANLEY A. LANGEVIN
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Acambis, Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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JUAN ARROYO
JUAN ARROYO
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Acambis, Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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THOMAS P. MONATH
THOMAS P. MONATH
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Acambis, Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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NICHOLAS KOMAR
NICHOLAS KOMAR
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Acambis, Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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We evaluated a recombinant virus chimera, ChimeriVax-WN, in which the West Nile virus (WNV) surface protein genes (pre-membrane [prM] and envelope [E]) are substituted into the genome of the 17D vaccine strain yellow fever virus (YF-17D), as a vaccine candidate for protection of birds from WNV disease. Using fish crows (Corvus ossifragus) as a model, we found that none of eight crows that received two high doses of vaccine (approximately 100,000 plaque-forming units [PFU]) developed viremia and only one developed WNV-neutralizing antibodies. When challenged with subcutaneous injection of 2,000 PFU of WNV (NY99 strain), all eight developed viremia levels similar to unvaccinated control birds (n = 4). Two of the vaccinated birds died of the infection, compared with no mortality in the four controls. To further investigate the failure of the vaccine, we inoculated chickens with both the vaccine and YF-17D and found no evidence of replication with either of these viruses. These data indicate that this vaccine candidate failed to protect birds from the morbidity and mortality attributed to WNV infections. However, if used in mammals, this recombinant viral vaccine is unlikely to inadvertently enter a natural transmission cycle with birds as amplifying hosts.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
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EndNote
-
1
Komar N, 2000. West Nile viral encephalitis. Sci Tech Rev 19 :166–176.
-
2
Campbell GL, Marfin AA, Lanciotti RS, Gubler DJ, 2002. West Nile virus. Lancet Infect Dis 2 :519–529.
-
3
O’Leary DR, Nasci RS, Campbell GL, Marfin AA, 2002. West Nile virus activity–United States, 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Weekly Rep 51 :497–501.
-
4
Marfin AA, Petersen LR, Eidson M, Miller J, Hadler J, Farello C, Werner B, Campbell G, Layton M, Smith P, Bresnitz E, Cartter M, Scoletta J, Obiri G, Bunning M, Craven R, Roehrig JT, Julian K, Hinton S, Gubler DJ, and the ArboNET Cooperative Surveillance Group, 2001. Widespread West Nile virus activity, Eastern United States, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :730–735.
-
5
Trock SC, Meade BJ, Glaser AL, Ostlund EN, Lanciotti RS, Cropp BC, Kulasekera V, Kramer LD, Komar N, 2001. West Nile virus outbreak among horses in New York State, 1999 and 2000. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :745–747.
-
6
Eidson M, Komar N, Sorhage F, Nelson R, Talbot T, Mostashari F, McLean R, and the West Nile Virus Avian Mortality Surveillance Group, 2001. Crow deaths as a sentinel surveillance system for West Nile virus in the northeastern United States, 1999. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :615–620.
-
7
Komar N, Langevin S, Hinten S, Nemeth N, Edwards E, Hettler D, Davis B, Bowen R, Bunning M, 2003. Experimental infection of North American birds with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :311–322.
-
8
Monath TP, 2001. Prospects for development of a vaccine against the West Nile virus. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951 :1–12.
-
9
Davis BS, Chang GJ, Cropp B, Roehrig JT, Martin DA, Mitchell CJ, Bowen R, Bunning ML, 2001. West Nile virus recombinant DNA vaccine protects mouse and horse from virus challenge and expresses in vitro a noninfectious recombinant antigen that can be used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. J Virol 75 :4040–4047.
-
10
Malkinson M, Banet C, Khinich Y, Samina I, Pokamunski S, Weisman Y, 2001. Use of live and inactivated vaccines in the control of West Nile fever in domestic geese. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951 :255–261.
-
11
Arroyo J, Miller CA, Catalan J, Monath TP, 2001. Yellow fever vector live-virus vaccines: West Nile virus vaccine development. Trends Mol Med 7 :350–354.
-
12
Tesh RB, Arroyo J, Travassos Da Rosa AP, Guzman H, Xiao SY, Monath TP, 2002. Efficacy of killed virus vaccine, live attenuated chimeric virus vaccine, and passive immunization for prevention of West Nile virus encephalitis in hamster model. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :1392–1397.
-
13
Beaty BJ, Calisher CH, Shope RE, 1989. Arboviruses. Schmidt NJ, Emmons RW, eds. Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial and Chlamydial IUnfections. Sixth edition. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 797–855.
-
14
Halevy M, Akov Y, Ben-Nathan D, Kobiler D, Lachmi B, Lustig S, 1994. Loss of active neuroinvasiveness in attenuated strains of West Nile virus: pathogenicity in immunocompetent and SCID mice. Arch Virol 137 :355–370.
-
15
Diamond MS, Shrestha B, Marri A, Mahan D, Engle M, 2003. B cells and antibody play critical roles in the immediate defense of disseminated infection by West Nile encephalitis virus. J Virol 77 :2578–2586.
-
16
Strode GK, 1951. Yellow Fever. New York: The McGraw-Hill Book Company, 360–361.
-
17
Langevin SA, Bunning M, Davis B, Komar N, 2001. Experimental infection of chickens as candidate sentinels for West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :726–729.
-
18
Senne DA, Pedersen JC, Hutto DL, Taylor WD, Schmitt BJ, Panigrahy B, 2000. Pathogenicity of West Nile virus in chickens. Avian Dis 44 :642–649.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 684 | 621 | 20 |
| Full Text Views | 331 | 10 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 44 | 10 | 0 |