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-
1
Deem SL, 1998. A review of heartwater and the threat of introduction of Cowdria ruminantium and Amblyomma spp. ticks to the American mainland. J Zoo Wildl Med 29 :109–113.
-
2
Beati L, Kelly PJ, Matthewman LA, Mason PR, Raoult D, 1995. Prevalence of rickettsia-like organisms and spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Zimbabwe. J Med Entomol 32 :787–792.
-
3
Parola P, Inokuma H, Camicas JL, Brouqui P, Raoult D, 2001. Detection and identification of spotted fever group Rickettsiae and Ehrlichiae in African ticks. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :1014–1017.
-
4
Kelly PJ, Beati L, Mason PR, Matthewman LA, Roux V, Raoult D, 1996. Rickettsia africae sp. nov., the etiological agent of African tick bite fever. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46 :611–614.
-
5
Parola P, Vestris G, Martinez D, Brochier B, Roux V, Raoult D, 1999. Tick-borne rickettiosis in Guadeloupe, the French West Indies: isolation of Rickettsia africae from Amblyomma variegatum ticks and serosurvey in humans, cattle, and goats. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :888–893.
-
6
Barre N, Uilenberg G, Morel PC, Camus E, 1987. Danger of introducing heartwater onto the American mainland: potential role of indigenous and exotic Amblyomma ticks. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 54 :405–417.
-
7
Fournier P-E, Roux V, Raoult D, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of spotted fever group rickettsiae by study of the outer surface protein rOmpA. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48 :839–849.
-
8
Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ, 1990. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215 :403–410.
-
9
Inokuma H, Ohno K, Onishi T, Raoult D, Brouqui P, 2001. Detection of ehrlichial infection by PCR in dogs from Yamaguchi and Okinawa Prefectures, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 63 :815–817.
-
10
Camus E, Martinez D, Beauperthuy L, Benderdouche A, Coisne S, Corbette C, Denormandie N, Garris G, Harris E, King T, 1993. Heartwater in Guadeloupe and in the Caribbean. Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop 46 :109–114.
-
11
Kelly PJ, Mason PR, 1991. Transmission of a spotted fever group rickettsia by Amblyomma hebraeum (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 28 :598–600.
-
12
Kelly PJ, Mason PR, Manning T, Slater S, 1991. Role of cattle in the epidemiology of tick-bite fever in Zimbabwe. J Clin Microbiol 29 :256–259.
-
13
Panaccio M, Lew A, 1991. PCR based diagnosis in the presence of 8% (v/v) blood. Nucleic Acids Res 19 :1151.
-
14
Raoult D, Fournier PE, Fenollar F, Jensenius M, Prioe T, de Pina JJ, Caruso G, Jones N, Laferl H, Rosenblatt JE, Marrie TJ, 2001. Rickettsia africae, a tick-borne pathogen in travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. N Engl J Med 344 :1504–1510.
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15
Parola P, Jourdan J, Raoult D, 1998. Tick-borne infection caused by Rickettsia africae in the West Indies (letter). N Engl J Med 338 :1391.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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A SURVEY FOR SPOTTED FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE AND EHRLICHIAE IN AMBLYOMMA VARIEGATUM FROM ST. KITTS AND NEVIS
PATRICK J. KELLY
PATRICK J. KELLY
School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies; Unité des Rickettsies, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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PIERRE-EDOUARD FOURNIER
PIERRE-EDOUARD FOURNIER
School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies; Unité des Rickettsies, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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PHILIPPE PAROLA
PHILIPPE PAROLA
School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies; Unité des Rickettsies, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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DIDIER RAOULT
DIDIER RAOULT
School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies; Unité des Rickettsies, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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Eighty-nine Amblyomma variegatum ticks were collected from the islands of St. Kitts and Nevis in the Caribbean and preserved in 70% ethanol or local rum. After being washed in sterile water, their DNA was extracted and analyzed by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for DNA of spotted fever group rickettsiae and ehrlichiae. None of the tested ticks was positive in a PCR assay using the primers 16S EHRD and 16S EHRR for the 16S rRNA gene of Ehrlichia spp. Forty-one percent of the A. variegatum (36 of /89 of which 34 [47%] of 72 were adult males, 2 (13%) of 16 were adult females, and 0 (0%) of 1 were nymphs) were positive in a PCR assay using the primer pair 190-70 and 190-701 for the outer membrane protein A (ompA) gene of spotted fever group rickettsiae. All PCR amplification products obtained had 100% sequence homology with Rickettsia africae, the agent of African tick-bite fever.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Deem SL, 1998. A review of heartwater and the threat of introduction of Cowdria ruminantium and Amblyomma spp. ticks to the American mainland. J Zoo Wildl Med 29 :109–113.
-
2
Beati L, Kelly PJ, Matthewman LA, Mason PR, Raoult D, 1995. Prevalence of rickettsia-like organisms and spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Zimbabwe. J Med Entomol 32 :787–792.
-
3
Parola P, Inokuma H, Camicas JL, Brouqui P, Raoult D, 2001. Detection and identification of spotted fever group Rickettsiae and Ehrlichiae in African ticks. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :1014–1017.
-
4
Kelly PJ, Beati L, Mason PR, Matthewman LA, Roux V, Raoult D, 1996. Rickettsia africae sp. nov., the etiological agent of African tick bite fever. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46 :611–614.
-
5
Parola P, Vestris G, Martinez D, Brochier B, Roux V, Raoult D, 1999. Tick-borne rickettiosis in Guadeloupe, the French West Indies: isolation of Rickettsia africae from Amblyomma variegatum ticks and serosurvey in humans, cattle, and goats. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :888–893.
-
6
Barre N, Uilenberg G, Morel PC, Camus E, 1987. Danger of introducing heartwater onto the American mainland: potential role of indigenous and exotic Amblyomma ticks. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 54 :405–417.
-
7
Fournier P-E, Roux V, Raoult D, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of spotted fever group rickettsiae by study of the outer surface protein rOmpA. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48 :839–849.
-
8
Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ, 1990. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215 :403–410.
-
9
Inokuma H, Ohno K, Onishi T, Raoult D, Brouqui P, 2001. Detection of ehrlichial infection by PCR in dogs from Yamaguchi and Okinawa Prefectures, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 63 :815–817.
-
10
Camus E, Martinez D, Beauperthuy L, Benderdouche A, Coisne S, Corbette C, Denormandie N, Garris G, Harris E, King T, 1993. Heartwater in Guadeloupe and in the Caribbean. Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop 46 :109–114.
-
11
Kelly PJ, Mason PR, 1991. Transmission of a spotted fever group rickettsia by Amblyomma hebraeum (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 28 :598–600.
-
12
Kelly PJ, Mason PR, Manning T, Slater S, 1991. Role of cattle in the epidemiology of tick-bite fever in Zimbabwe. J Clin Microbiol 29 :256–259.
-
13
Panaccio M, Lew A, 1991. PCR based diagnosis in the presence of 8% (v/v) blood. Nucleic Acids Res 19 :1151.
-
14
Raoult D, Fournier PE, Fenollar F, Jensenius M, Prioe T, de Pina JJ, Caruso G, Jones N, Laferl H, Rosenblatt JE, Marrie TJ, 2001. Rickettsia africae, a tick-borne pathogen in travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. N Engl J Med 344 :1504–1510.
-
15
Parola P, Jourdan J, Raoult D, 1998. Tick-borne infection caused by Rickettsia africae in the West Indies (letter). N Engl J Med 338 :1391.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1623 | 1564 | 29 |
| Full Text Views | 232 | 10 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 52 | 12 | 0 |