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1
World Health Organization, 1991. Control of Chagas disease: report of a WHO expert committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 811 :1ā95.
-
2
Schmunis GA, 1991. Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease: status in the blood supply in endemic and nonendemic countries. Transfusion 31 :547ā557.
-
3
Matta VR, 1992. Enfermedad de Chagas en Guatemala: Prevalencia y TransmisioĢn CongeĢnita. Cosenza H, Kroeger A, eds. Enfermedades Parasitarias de Mayor Prevalencia y Transmitidas pro Vectores en Centro America. Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Litografic Lopez, 59ā70.
-
4
Schofield CJ, Dias JCP, 1999. The southern cone initiative against Chagas disease. Adv Parasitol 42 :1ā27.
-
5
World Health Organization, 1994. Press release 1194. WHO/20-8, March 1994, Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
6
Greer GJ, Nix NA, Cordon-Rosales C, Hernandez B, MacVean CM, Powell MR, 1999. Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in three rural communities in Guatemala. Pan Am J Public Health 6 :110ā116.
-
7
McCormick TS, Rowland EC, 1989. Trypanosoma cruzi: cross-reactive anti-heart antibodies produced during infection in mice. Exp Parasitol 69 :393ā401.
-
8
Leiby, D A, Wendel, S, Takaoka, DT, Fachini, RM, Oliveira, LC, Tibbals, MA, 2000. Serologic testing for Trypanosoma cruzi: comparison of radioimmunoprecipitation assay with commercially available indirect immunofluorescence assay, indirect hemagglutination assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent kits. J Clin Microbiol 38 :639ā642.
-
9
Paz-Bailey G, Monroy C, Rodas A, Taburu R, Davies C, Lines J, 2002. Incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in two Guatemalan communities. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96 :48ā52.
-
10
de Andrade AL, Zicker F, Silva IG, Matelli CM, 1995. Risk factors for Trypanosoma cruzi infections among children in Central Brazil: a case control study in vector control settings. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52 :183ā187.
-
11
Gurtler RE, Petersen RM, Cecere MC, Schweigmann NJ, Chuit R, Gualtieri JM, Wisnivesky-Colli C, 1994. Chagas disease in north-west Argentina: risk of domestic infestations by Triatoma infestans after a single community-wide application of deltamethrin. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :27ā30.
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SEROPREVALENCE OF TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI INFECTION AMONG SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN IN THE ENDEMIC AREA OF GUATEMALA
NIDIA R. RIZZO
NIDIA R. RIZZO
Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala/Medical Entomology Research and Training Unit/Guatemala, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Medical Entomology Research and Training Unit/Guatemala, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, American Embassy, Miami, Florida; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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BYRON A. ARANA
BYRON A. ARANA
Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala/Medical Entomology Research and Training Unit/Guatemala, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Medical Entomology Research and Training Unit/Guatemala, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, American Embassy, Miami, Florida; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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ANAITE DIAZ
ANAITE DIAZ
Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala/Medical Entomology Research and Training Unit/Guatemala, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Medical Entomology Research and Training Unit/Guatemala, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, American Embassy, Miami, Florida; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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CELIA CORDON-ROSALES
CELIA CORDON-ROSALES
Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala/Medical Entomology Research and Training Unit/Guatemala, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Medical Entomology Research and Training Unit/Guatemala, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, American Embassy, Miami, Florida; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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ROBERT E. KLEIN
ROBERT E. KLEIN
Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala/Medical Entomology Research and Training Unit/Guatemala, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Medical Entomology Research and Training Unit/Guatemala, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, American Embassy, Miami, Florida; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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MALCOLM R. POWELL
MALCOLM R. POWELL
Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala/Medical Entomology Research and Training Unit/Guatemala, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Medical Entomology Research and Training Unit/Guatemala, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, American Embassy, Miami, Florida; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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In support of the National Program for Chagas Disease Control, we conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the seroprevalence rate of Trypanosoma cruzi infection across the five Departments (Chiquimula, Jalapa, Zacapa, Jutiapa, and Santa Rosa) that are believed to comprise the entire principal endemic area in Guatemala. Also, so that the results could be used to identify areas of active transmission, we conducted the survey in school-aged children. We used an experimental enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with blood samples obtained by finger prick to estimate the seroprevalence of T. cruzi. This assay has been previously tested and showed good sensitivity and specificity. Overall, the seropositivity rate for T. cruzi infection was 5.28% (235 of 4,450). Of 173 communities evaluated, 35 (20.23%) had a seropositive rate ranging from 10% to 45%. A number of parameters, including but not limited to living conditions, were examined for possible association with seropositivity. While there are several associations, the strongest association with seropositivity is living in a house with a thatch roof. The survey results will permit the Ministry of Health to stratify T. cruzi-endemic communities, enabling local health authorities to efficiently focus on vector control operations.
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-
1
World Health Organization, 1991. Control of Chagas disease: report of a WHO expert committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 811 :1ā95.
-
2
Schmunis GA, 1991. Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease: status in the blood supply in endemic and nonendemic countries. Transfusion 31 :547ā557.
-
3
Matta VR, 1992. Enfermedad de Chagas en Guatemala: Prevalencia y TransmisioĢn CongeĢnita. Cosenza H, Kroeger A, eds. Enfermedades Parasitarias de Mayor Prevalencia y Transmitidas pro Vectores en Centro America. Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Litografic Lopez, 59ā70.
-
4
Schofield CJ, Dias JCP, 1999. The southern cone initiative against Chagas disease. Adv Parasitol 42 :1ā27.
-
5
World Health Organization, 1994. Press release 1194. WHO/20-8, March 1994, Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
6
Greer GJ, Nix NA, Cordon-Rosales C, Hernandez B, MacVean CM, Powell MR, 1999. Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in three rural communities in Guatemala. Pan Am J Public Health 6 :110ā116.
-
7
McCormick TS, Rowland EC, 1989. Trypanosoma cruzi: cross-reactive anti-heart antibodies produced during infection in mice. Exp Parasitol 69 :393ā401.
-
8
Leiby, D A, Wendel, S, Takaoka, DT, Fachini, RM, Oliveira, LC, Tibbals, MA, 2000. Serologic testing for Trypanosoma cruzi: comparison of radioimmunoprecipitation assay with commercially available indirect immunofluorescence assay, indirect hemagglutination assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent kits. J Clin Microbiol 38 :639ā642.
-
9
Paz-Bailey G, Monroy C, Rodas A, Taburu R, Davies C, Lines J, 2002. Incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in two Guatemalan communities. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96 :48ā52.
-
10
de Andrade AL, Zicker F, Silva IG, Matelli CM, 1995. Risk factors for Trypanosoma cruzi infections among children in Central Brazil: a case control study in vector control settings. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52 :183ā187.
-
11
Gurtler RE, Petersen RM, Cecere MC, Schweigmann NJ, Chuit R, Gualtieri JM, Wisnivesky-Colli C, 1994. Chagas disease in north-west Argentina: risk of domestic infestations by Triatoma infestans after a single community-wide application of deltamethrin. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :27ā30.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 21 | 21 | 6 |
| Full Text Views | 270 | 80 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 46 | 16 | 1 |