D’Alessandro U, Olaleye BO, McGuire W, Langerock P, Bennett S, Aikins MK, Thomson MC, Cham MK, Cham BA, Greenwood BM, 1995. Mortality and morbidity from malaria in Gambian children after introduction of an impregnated bed-net programme. Lancet 345 :479–483.
Binka F, Kubaje A, Adjuik M, Williams L, Lengeler C, Maude G, Armah G, Kajihara B, Adiamah J, Smith P, 1996. Impact of permethrin impregnated bednets on child mortality in Kassena-Nankana district, Ghana: a randomized controlled trial. Trop Med Int Health 1 :147–154.
Nevill C, Some E, Mung’ala V, Mutemi W, New L, Marsh K, Lengeler C, Snow R, 1996. Insecticide-treated bednets reduce mortality and severe morbidity from malaria among children on the Kenyan coast. Trop Med Int Health 1 :139–146.
Habluetzel A, Diallo DA, Esposito F, Lamizana L, Pagnoni F, Lengeler C, Traore C, Cousens SN, 1997. Do insecticide-treated curtains reduce all-cause child mortality in Burkina Faso? Trop Med Int Health 2 :855–862.
Lengeler C, 2000. Insecticide-treated bednets and curtains for preventing malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 320 :CD000363 .
Beier JC, Oster CN, Onyango FK, Bales JD, Sherwood JA, Perkins PV, Chumo DK, Koech DV, Whitmire RE, Roberts CR, 1994. Plasmodium falciparum incidence relative to entomologic inoculation rates at a site proposed for testing malaria vaccines in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50 :529–536.
Sexton JD, Ruebush TK II, Brandling-Bennett AD, Breman JG, Roberts JM, Odera JS, Were JB, 1990. Permethrin-impregnated curtains and bed-nets prevent malaria in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 43 :11–18.
Beach RF, Ruebush TK II, Sexton JD, Bright PL, Hightower AW, Breman JG, Mount DL, Oloo AJ, 1993. Effectiveness of permethrin-impregnated bed nets and curtains for malaria control in a holoendemic area of western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49 :290–300.
Kachur SP, Phillips-Howard PA, Odhacha AM, Ruebush TK, Oloo AJ, Nahlen BL, 1999. Maintenance and sustained use of insecticide-treated bednets and curtains three years after a controlled trial in western Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 4 :728–735.
Bloland PB, Ruebush TK, McCormick JB, Ayisi J, Boriga DA, Oloo AJ, Beach R, Hawley W, Lal A, Nahlen B, Udhayakumar V, Campbell CC, 1999. Longitudinal cohort study of the epidemiology of malaria infections in an area of intense malaria transmission I. Description of study site, general methodology, and study population. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :635–640.
Bloland PB, Boriga DA, Ruebush TK, McCormick JB, Roberts JM, Oloo AJ, Hawley W, Lal A, Nahlen B, Campbell CC, 1999. Longitudinal cohort study of the epidemiology of malaria infections in an area of intense malaria transmission II. Descriptive epidemiology of malaria infection and disease among children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :641–648.
Phillips-Howard PA, ter Kuile FO, Nahlen BL, Alaii JA, Gimnig JE, Kolczak MS, Terlouw DJ, Kariuki SK, Shi YP, Kachur SP, Hightower AW, Vulule JM, Hawley WA, 2003. The efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and morbidity in western Kenya. II: Study design and methods. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):10–15.
Government of Kenya, 1994. Kenya Population Census, 1989. Volume I. Nairobi: Central Bureau of Statistics, Office of the Vice President, Ministry of Planning and National Development, Government Printers.
Spencer HC, Kaseje DC, Mosley WH, Sempebwa EK, Huong AY, Roberts JM, 1987. Impact on mortality and fertility of a community-based malaria control programme in Saradidi, Kenya. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 81 (Suppl 1):36–45.
ter Kuile FO, Terlouw DJ, Phillips-Howard PA, Hawley WA, Friedman JF, Kariuki SK, Shi YP, Kolczak MS, Lal AA, Vulule JM, Nahlen BL, 2003. Reduction of malaria during pregnancy by permethrin-treated bed nets in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):50–60.
Cohen DW, Atieno-Odhiambo ES, 1989. Siaya: The Historical Anthropology of an African Landscape. London: James Currey, Ltd.
Meltzer MI, Terlouw DJ, Kolczak MS, Odhacha A, ter Kuile FO, Vulule JM, Alaii JA, Nahlen BL, Hawley WA, Phillips-Howard PA, 2003. The household-level economics of using permethrin-treated bed nets to prevent malaria in children less than five years of age. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):149–160.
Alaii JA, 1997. The Relevance of Sleeping Arrangements and Bedtime Mobility Patterns for Implementing Insecticide-Treated Bednets in Asembo, Western Kenya. MSc Thesis. London: South Bank University.
Government of Kenya, 1994. Siaya District Development Plan, 1994–1996. Nairobi: Office of the Vice President, Ministry of Planning and National Development, Government Printers.
Phillips-Howard PA, Wannemuehler KA, ter Kuile FO, Hawley WA, Kolczak MS, Odhacha A, Vulule JM, Nahlen BL, 2003. Diagnostic and prescribing practices in peripheral health facilities in rural western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):44–49.
McElroy PD, Lal AA, Hawley WA, Bloland PB, Kuile FO, Oloo AJ, Harlow SD, Lin X, Nahlen BL, 1999. Analysis of repeated hemoglobin measures in full-term, normal birth weight Kenyan children between birth and four years of age. III. The Asembo Bay Cohort Project. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :932–940.
Kwena AM, Terlouw DJ, de Vlas SJ, Phillips-Howard PA, Hawley WA, Friedman JF, Vulule JM, Nahlen BL, Sauerwein RW, ter Kuile FO, 2003. Prevalence and severity of malnutrition in pre-school children in a rural area in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):94–99.
McElroy PD, ter Kuile FO, Hightower AW, Hawley WA, Phillips-Howard PA, Oloo AJ, Lal AA, Nahlen BL, 2001. All-cause mortality among young children in western Kenya. VI: The Asembo Bay Cohort Project. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 :18–27.
De Cock KM, Fowler MG, Mercier E, de Vincenzi I, Saba J, Hoff E, Alnwick DJ, Rogers M, Shaffer N, 2000. Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in resource-poor countries: translating research into policy and practice. JAMA 283 :1175–1182.
Bloland PB, Lackritz EM. Kazembe PN, Were JB, Steketee R, Campbell CC, 1993. Beyond chloroquine: implications of drug resistance for evaluating malaria therapy efficacy and treatment policy in Africa. J Infect Dis 167 :932–937.
Alaii JA, Hawley WA, Kolczak MS, ter Kuile FO, Gimnig JE, Vulule JM, Odhacha A, Oloo AJ, Nahlen BL, Phillips-Howard PA, 2003. Factors affecting use of permethrin-treated bed nets during a randomized controlled trial in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):137–141.
Hightower AW, Ombok M, Otieno R, Odhiambo R, Oloo AJ, Lal AA, Nahlen BL, Hawley WA, 1998. A geographic information system applied to a malaria field study in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :266–272.
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Randomized controlled trials in sub-Saharan Africa have shown that permethrin-treated bed nets and curtains reduce all-cause child mortality by 15–33% in areas with low or high but seasonal malaria transmission. This report describes the study site for a community-based, group-randomized, controlled trial in an area of high and year-round malaria transmission in western Kenya. We outline the development of the human and physical infrastructure required to conduct this trial and discuss some of the difficulties encountered and lessons learned in conducting it.
D’Alessandro U, Olaleye BO, McGuire W, Langerock P, Bennett S, Aikins MK, Thomson MC, Cham MK, Cham BA, Greenwood BM, 1995. Mortality and morbidity from malaria in Gambian children after introduction of an impregnated bed-net programme. Lancet 345 :479–483.
Binka F, Kubaje A, Adjuik M, Williams L, Lengeler C, Maude G, Armah G, Kajihara B, Adiamah J, Smith P, 1996. Impact of permethrin impregnated bednets on child mortality in Kassena-Nankana district, Ghana: a randomized controlled trial. Trop Med Int Health 1 :147–154.
Nevill C, Some E, Mung’ala V, Mutemi W, New L, Marsh K, Lengeler C, Snow R, 1996. Insecticide-treated bednets reduce mortality and severe morbidity from malaria among children on the Kenyan coast. Trop Med Int Health 1 :139–146.
Habluetzel A, Diallo DA, Esposito F, Lamizana L, Pagnoni F, Lengeler C, Traore C, Cousens SN, 1997. Do insecticide-treated curtains reduce all-cause child mortality in Burkina Faso? Trop Med Int Health 2 :855–862.
Lengeler C, 2000. Insecticide-treated bednets and curtains for preventing malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 320 :CD000363 .
Beier JC, Oster CN, Onyango FK, Bales JD, Sherwood JA, Perkins PV, Chumo DK, Koech DV, Whitmire RE, Roberts CR, 1994. Plasmodium falciparum incidence relative to entomologic inoculation rates at a site proposed for testing malaria vaccines in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50 :529–536.
Sexton JD, Ruebush TK II, Brandling-Bennett AD, Breman JG, Roberts JM, Odera JS, Were JB, 1990. Permethrin-impregnated curtains and bed-nets prevent malaria in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 43 :11–18.
Beach RF, Ruebush TK II, Sexton JD, Bright PL, Hightower AW, Breman JG, Mount DL, Oloo AJ, 1993. Effectiveness of permethrin-impregnated bed nets and curtains for malaria control in a holoendemic area of western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49 :290–300.
Kachur SP, Phillips-Howard PA, Odhacha AM, Ruebush TK, Oloo AJ, Nahlen BL, 1999. Maintenance and sustained use of insecticide-treated bednets and curtains three years after a controlled trial in western Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 4 :728–735.
Bloland PB, Ruebush TK, McCormick JB, Ayisi J, Boriga DA, Oloo AJ, Beach R, Hawley W, Lal A, Nahlen B, Udhayakumar V, Campbell CC, 1999. Longitudinal cohort study of the epidemiology of malaria infections in an area of intense malaria transmission I. Description of study site, general methodology, and study population. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :635–640.
Bloland PB, Boriga DA, Ruebush TK, McCormick JB, Roberts JM, Oloo AJ, Hawley W, Lal A, Nahlen B, Campbell CC, 1999. Longitudinal cohort study of the epidemiology of malaria infections in an area of intense malaria transmission II. Descriptive epidemiology of malaria infection and disease among children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :641–648.
Phillips-Howard PA, ter Kuile FO, Nahlen BL, Alaii JA, Gimnig JE, Kolczak MS, Terlouw DJ, Kariuki SK, Shi YP, Kachur SP, Hightower AW, Vulule JM, Hawley WA, 2003. The efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and morbidity in western Kenya. II: Study design and methods. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):10–15.
Government of Kenya, 1994. Kenya Population Census, 1989. Volume I. Nairobi: Central Bureau of Statistics, Office of the Vice President, Ministry of Planning and National Development, Government Printers.
Spencer HC, Kaseje DC, Mosley WH, Sempebwa EK, Huong AY, Roberts JM, 1987. Impact on mortality and fertility of a community-based malaria control programme in Saradidi, Kenya. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 81 (Suppl 1):36–45.
ter Kuile FO, Terlouw DJ, Phillips-Howard PA, Hawley WA, Friedman JF, Kariuki SK, Shi YP, Kolczak MS, Lal AA, Vulule JM, Nahlen BL, 2003. Reduction of malaria during pregnancy by permethrin-treated bed nets in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):50–60.
Cohen DW, Atieno-Odhiambo ES, 1989. Siaya: The Historical Anthropology of an African Landscape. London: James Currey, Ltd.
Meltzer MI, Terlouw DJ, Kolczak MS, Odhacha A, ter Kuile FO, Vulule JM, Alaii JA, Nahlen BL, Hawley WA, Phillips-Howard PA, 2003. The household-level economics of using permethrin-treated bed nets to prevent malaria in children less than five years of age. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):149–160.
Alaii JA, 1997. The Relevance of Sleeping Arrangements and Bedtime Mobility Patterns for Implementing Insecticide-Treated Bednets in Asembo, Western Kenya. MSc Thesis. London: South Bank University.
Government of Kenya, 1994. Siaya District Development Plan, 1994–1996. Nairobi: Office of the Vice President, Ministry of Planning and National Development, Government Printers.
Phillips-Howard PA, Wannemuehler KA, ter Kuile FO, Hawley WA, Kolczak MS, Odhacha A, Vulule JM, Nahlen BL, 2003. Diagnostic and prescribing practices in peripheral health facilities in rural western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):44–49.
McElroy PD, Lal AA, Hawley WA, Bloland PB, Kuile FO, Oloo AJ, Harlow SD, Lin X, Nahlen BL, 1999. Analysis of repeated hemoglobin measures in full-term, normal birth weight Kenyan children between birth and four years of age. III. The Asembo Bay Cohort Project. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :932–940.
Kwena AM, Terlouw DJ, de Vlas SJ, Phillips-Howard PA, Hawley WA, Friedman JF, Vulule JM, Nahlen BL, Sauerwein RW, ter Kuile FO, 2003. Prevalence and severity of malnutrition in pre-school children in a rural area in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):94–99.
McElroy PD, ter Kuile FO, Hightower AW, Hawley WA, Phillips-Howard PA, Oloo AJ, Lal AA, Nahlen BL, 2001. All-cause mortality among young children in western Kenya. VI: The Asembo Bay Cohort Project. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 :18–27.
De Cock KM, Fowler MG, Mercier E, de Vincenzi I, Saba J, Hoff E, Alnwick DJ, Rogers M, Shaffer N, 2000. Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in resource-poor countries: translating research into policy and practice. JAMA 283 :1175–1182.
Bloland PB, Lackritz EM. Kazembe PN, Were JB, Steketee R, Campbell CC, 1993. Beyond chloroquine: implications of drug resistance for evaluating malaria therapy efficacy and treatment policy in Africa. J Infect Dis 167 :932–937.
Alaii JA, Hawley WA, Kolczak MS, ter Kuile FO, Gimnig JE, Vulule JM, Odhacha A, Oloo AJ, Nahlen BL, Phillips-Howard PA, 2003. Factors affecting use of permethrin-treated bed nets during a randomized controlled trial in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):137–141.
Hightower AW, Ombok M, Otieno R, Odhiambo R, Oloo AJ, Lal AA, Nahlen BL, Hawley WA, 1998. A geographic information system applied to a malaria field study in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :266–272.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 2030 | 1894 | 543 |
Full Text Views | 469 | 15 | 4 |
PDF Downloads | 87 | 10 | 0 |