EFFECT OF PERMETHRIN-TREATED BED NETS ON THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF MALARIA VECTORS IN WESTERN KENYA

JOHN E. GIMNIG Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

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MARGARETTE S. KOLCZAK Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

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ALLEN W. HIGHTOWER Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

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JOHN M. VULULE Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

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ERIK SCHOUTE Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

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LUNA KAMAU Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

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PENELOPE A. PHILLIPS-HOWARD Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

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FEIKO O. TER KUILE Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

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BERNARD L. NAHLEN Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

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WILLIAM A. HAWLEY Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

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The effect of insecticide (permethrin)-treated bed nets (ITNs) on the spatial distribution of malaria vectors in neighboring villages lacking ITNs was studied during a randomized controlled trial of ITNs in western Kenya. There was a trend of decreased abundance of Anopheles gambiae with decreasing distance from intervention villages both before (P = 0.027) and after (P = 0.002) introduction of ITNs, but this trend was significantly stronger after ITNs were introduced (P = 0.05). For An. funestus, no pre-intervention trend was observed (P = 0.373), but after the intervention, a trend of decreased abundance with closer proximity to intervention compounds developed (P = 0.027). Reduction in mosquito populations in villages lacking ITNs was most apparent in compounds located within 600 meters of intervention villages. Sporozoite infection rates decreased in control areas following the introduction of ITNs (P < 0.001 for both species), but no spatial association was detected between sporozoite rates and distance to nearest intervention village. We conclude that high coverage of ITNs is associated with a community-wide suppression of mosquito populations that is detectable in neighboring villages lacking ITNs, thereby affording individuals residing in these villages some protection against malaria.

Author Notes

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